使用jmap -heap pid查看进程堆内存使用情况，包括使用的GC算法、堆配置参数和各代中堆内存使用情况。比如下面的例子：
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root@ubuntu:/
# jmap -heap 21711
Attaching to process ID 21711, please wait...
Debugger attached successfully.
Server compiler detected.
JVM version is 20.10-b01
using thread-
local
object allocation.
Parallel GC with 4 thread(s)
Heap Configuration:
MinHeapFreeRatio = 40
MaxHeapFreeRatio = 70
MaxHeapSize = 2067791872 (1972.0MB)
NewSize = 1310720 (1.25MB)
MaxNewSize = 17592186044415 MB
OldSize = 5439488 (5.1875MB)
NewRatio = 2
SurvivorRatio = 8
PermSize = 21757952 (20.75MB)
MaxPermSize = 85983232 (82.0MB)
Heap Usage:
PS Young Generation
Eden Space:
capacity = 6422528 (6.125MB)
used = 5445552 (5.1932830810546875MB)
free
= 976976 (0.9317169189453125MB)
84.78829520089286% used
From Space:
capacity = 131072 (0.125MB)
used = 98304 (0.09375MB)
free
= 32768 (0.03125MB)
75.0% used
To Space:
capacity = 131072 (0.125MB)
used = 0 (0.0MB)
free
= 131072 (0.125MB)
0.0% used
PS Old Generation
capacity = 35258368 (33.625MB)
used = 4119544 (3.9287033081054688MB)
free
= 31138824 (29.69629669189453MB)
11.683876009235595% used
PS Perm Generation
capacity = 52428800 (50.0MB)
used = 26075168 (24.867218017578125MB)
free
= 26353632 (25.132781982421875MB)
49.73443603515625% used
....
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使用jmap -histo[:live] pid查看堆内存中的对象数目、大小统计直方图，如果带上live则只统计活对象，如下：
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root@ubuntu:/
# jmap -histo:live 21711 | more
num
#instances #bytes class name
----------------------------------------------
1: 38445 5597736 <constMethodKlass>
2: 38445 5237288 <methodKlass>
3: 3500 3749504 <constantPoolKlass>
4: 60858 3242600 <symbolKlass>
5: 3500 2715264 <instanceKlassKlass>
6: 2796 2131424 <constantPoolCacheKlass>
7: 5543 1317400 [I
8: 13714 1010768 [C
9: 4752 1003344 [B
10: 1225 639656 <methodDataKlass>
11: 14194 454208 java.lang.String
12: 3809 396136 java.lang.Class
13: 4979 311952 [S
14: 5598 287064 [[I
15: 3028 266464 java.lang.reflect.Method
16: 280 163520 <objArrayKlassKlass>
17: 4355 139360 java.util.HashMap$Entry
18: 1869 138568 [Ljava.util.HashMap$Entry;
19: 2443 97720 java.util.LinkedHashMap$Entry
20: 2072 82880 java.lang.ref.SoftReference
21: 1807 71528 [Ljava.lang.Object;
22: 2206 70592 java.lang.ref.WeakReference
23: 934 52304 java.util.LinkedHashMap
24: 871 48776 java.beans.MethodDescriptor
25: 1442 46144 java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap$HashEntry
26: 804 38592 java.util.HashMap
27: 948 37920 java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap$Segment
28: 1621 35696 [Ljava.lang.Class;
29: 1313 34880 [Ljava.lang.String;
30: 1396 33504 java.util.LinkedList$Entry
31: 462 33264 java.lang.reflect.Field
32: 1024 32768 java.util.Hashtable$Entry
33: 948 31440 [Ljava.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap$HashEntry;
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class name是对象类型，说明如下：
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B byte
C char
D double
F float
I int
J long
Z boolean
[ 数组，如[I表示int[]
[L+类名 其他对象
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还有一个很常用的情况是：用jmap把进程内存使用情况dump到文件中，再用jhat分析查看。jmap进行dump命令格式如下：
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jmap -dump:
format
=b,
file
=dumpFileName pid
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我一样地对上面进程ID为21711进行Dump：
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root@ubuntu:/
# jmap -dump:format=b,file=/tmp/dump.dat 21711
Dumping heap to
/tmp/dump
.dat ...
Heap dump
file
created
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dump出来的文件可以用MAT、VisualVM等工具查看，这里用jhat查看：
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root@ubuntu:/
# jhat -port 9998 /tmp/dump.dat
Reading from
/tmp/dump
.dat...
Dump
file
created Tue Jan 28 17:46:14 CST 2014
Snapshot
read
, resolving...
Resolving 132207 objects...
Chasing references, expect 26 dots..........................
Eliminating duplicate references..........................
Snapshot resolved.
Started HTTP server on port 9998
Server is ready.
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