python 装饰器

一、内建装饰器

包括property,classmethod,staticmethod

classmethod与s taticmethod

class deco_test:
        @staticmethod
        def test_static():
                print 'class test static'
        def test_normal(self):
                print "normal"
        @classmethod
        def test_class(cls):
                print "class",cls
def test_static_method():
        print "global test static"
deco=deco_test()
test_static_method()
deco_test.test_static()
deco.test_static()
deco.test_normal()
deco.test_class()
print deco_test
print deco

 结果:

global test static
class test static
class test static
normal
class __main__.deco_test
__main__.deco_test
<__main__.deco_test instance at 0x7f46e46c63f8>

staticmethod装饰器,类实例和对象都可以访问,和类中的普通方法相比,不带self参数,可以用全局方法代替

classmethod将类自己作为对象传给class方法,

 

>>> class A:
...     @classmethod
...     def test_class(cls):
...             return cls
... 
>>> a=A()
>>> a.test_class()
<class __main__.A at 0x7ff898f7e188>
>>> A
<class __main__.A at 0x7ff898f7e188>

 property:使用方法

class rabbit(object):
        def __init__(self,name):
                self._name=name
        #set read attrib
        @property
        def name(self):
                return self._name
        #set write attrib
        @name.setter
        def name(self,name):
                self._name=name
        #set del attrib
        @name.deleter
        def name(self):
                del self._name
ra=rabbit("kyle")
print ra.name
#write
ra.name="kate"
print ra.name
#del
del ra.name
try:
        print ra.name
except AttributeError ,e:
        print e

 结果

 

kyle
kate
'rabbit' object has no attribute '_name'

 使用property后,方法就变成了类的属性,默认情况下是有读属性,如果要有写和删除的话,需按@functionname.setter,@functionname.deleter设置

 

二、自定义装饰器

首先说明函数在python中也是对象,也能作为函数返回值,先理解这点,装饰器就好明白了。

def deco1(func):
        def warpper(*args,**kwargs):
                print "before"
                func(*args,**kwargs)
                print "after"
        return warpper
@deco1
def foo(x):
        print x
foo(1)

 结果:

before
1
after

如果还不是很明白,换一种写法就明白了

def deco1(func):
        def warpper(*args,**kwargs):
                print "before"
                func(*args,**kwargs)
                print "after"
        return warpper

def foo(x):
        print x
foo=deco1(foo)
foo(1)

 返回结果同上面一样,其实可以理解为被装饰的函数对象传递给装饰函数,并返回同被装饰函数相同名字的函数对象

多重装饰

def deco1(func):
        def warpper(*args,**kwargs):
                print "before"
                func(*args,**kwargs)
                print "after"
        return warpper
def deco2(func):
        def wraper(*args,**kwargs):
                print "yes"
                func(*args,**kwargs)
                print "no"
        return wraper
@deco1
@deco2
def foo1(x,y):
        print (x,y)
foo1(1,2)

 结果:

before
yes
(1, 2)
no
after

 多重装饰的话注意顺序就ok

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