上一次实践实现了html form来访问Restlet的PUT和DELETE方法,但返回数据都是string,仅能作为演示使用。本次实践将使各方法返回xml和json格式的数据,方便页面、程序的读取和展示。
1.xml库
首先是基础的xml数据格式。Restlet的扩展包org.restlet.ext.xml.jar提供各种xml相关类库。包中的抽象类XmlRepresentation作为父类提供接口和方法,但不能创建该父类的实例,而是需要使用SaxRepresentation和DomRepresentation类的实例来执行操作。
将Restlet安装目录\Edition Java EE\2.0.10\lib下的org.restlet.ext.xml.jar包加入Build Path。
2.Resource
修改com.sunny.restlet.order.CustomersResource类,代码如下:
@Override
protected Representation get() throws ResourceException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
Map customers = orderDao.getAllCustomers();
DomRepresentation representation;
try {
representation = new DomRepresentation();
Document dom = representation.getDocument();
Element all = dom.createElement("customers");
dom.appendChild(all);
for (Object object : customers.entrySet()) {
Entry<String, Customer> entry = (Entry) object;
String id = entry.getKey();
Customer customer = entry.getValue();
Element root = dom.createElement("customer");
root.setAttribute("id", id);
all.appendChild(root);
Element namElement = dom.createElement("name");
namElement.appendChild(dom.createTextNode(customer.getName()));
root.appendChild(namElement);
Element addressElement = dom.createElement("address");
addressElement.appendChild(dom.createTextNode(customer
.getAddress()));
root.appendChild(addressElement);
}
dom.normalizeDocument();
return representation;
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
@Override
protected Representation post(Representation entity)
throws ResourceException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
Form form = new Form(entity);
String name = form.getFirstValue("name");
String address = form.getFirstValue("address");
Customer customer = new Customer(name, address);
String id = orderDao.addCustomer(customer);
customer = orderDao.getCustomerById(id);
if (customer == null) {
return null;
}
DomRepresentation representation;
try {
representation = new DomRepresentation();
Document dom = representation.getDocument();
Element root = dom.createElement("customer");
root.setAttribute("id", id);
dom.appendChild(root);
Element namElement = dom.createElement("name");
root.appendChild(namElement);
namElement.appendChild(dom.createTextNode(customer.getName()));
Element addressElement = dom.createElement("address");
root.appendChild(addressElement);
addressElement.appendChild(dom
.createTextNode(customer.getAddress()));
dom.normalizeDocument();
return representation;
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
类中将/customers资源的get和post方法返回的Representation修改为DomRepresentation,并创建dom文件来格式化数据。
修改com.sunny.restlet.order.CustomerResource类,代码如下:
@Override
protected Representation delete() throws ResourceException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
String customerId = (String) getRequest().getAttributes().get("custId");
orderDao.deleteCustomerById(customerId);
DomRepresentation representation;
try {
representation = new DomRepresentation();
Document dom = representation.getDocument();
Element root = dom.createElement("message");
dom.appendChild(root);
root.appendChild(dom.createTextNode("success"));
dom.normalizeDocument();
return representation;
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
@Override
protected Representation get() throws ResourceException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
String customerId = (String) getRequest().getAttributes().get("custId");
Customer customer = orderDao.getCustomerById(customerId);
if (customer == null) {
return null;
}
DomRepresentation representation;
try {
representation = new DomRepresentation();
Document dom = representation.getDocument();
Element root = dom.createElement("customer");
root.setAttribute("id", customerId);
dom.appendChild(root);
Element namElement = dom.createElement("name");
root.appendChild(namElement);
namElement.appendChild(dom.createTextNode(customer.getName()));
Element addressElement = dom.createElement("address");
root.appendChild(addressElement);
addressElement.appendChild(dom
.createTextNode(customer.getAddress()));
dom.normalizeDocument();
return representation;
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
@Override
protected Representation put(Representation entity)
throws ResourceException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
String customerId = (String) getRequest().getAttributes().get("custId");
Form form = new Form(entity);
String name = form.getFirstValue("name");
String address = form.getFirstValue("address");
Customer customer = new Customer(name, address);
orderDao.updateCustomerById(customer, customerId);
customer = orderDao.getCustomerById(customerId);
if (customer == null) {
return null;
}
DomRepresentation representation;
try {
representation = new DomRepresentation();
Document dom = representation.getDocument();
Element root = dom.createElement("customer");
root.setAttribute("id", customerId);
dom.appendChild(root);
Element namElement = dom.createElement("name");
root.appendChild(namElement);
namElement.appendChild(dom.createTextNode(customer.getName()));
Element addressElement = dom.createElement("address");
root.appendChild(addressElement);
addressElement.appendChild(dom
.createTextNode(customer.getAddress()));
dom.normalizeDocument();
return representation;
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
类中将/customer/{custId}的资源的get、put和delete方法返回的Representation修改为DomRepresentation,并创建dom文件来格式化数据。
3.测试
部署程序后,使用浏览器访问
http://localhost:8080/firstSteps/,并将页面上的五个链接在新页面中打开访问。
在post.jsp中输入[name=0, address=0]并提交form,可以看到提示信息
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <customer id="0">
- <name>0</name>
- <address>0</address>
- </customer>
说明调用post方法访问/customers返回xml数据成功,数据被新增。
再次在post.jsp中输入[name=1, address=1]并提交form,刷新get customers"链接页面,可以看到提示信息
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <customers>
- <customer id="0">
- <name>0</name>
- <address>0</address>
- </customer>
- <customer id="1">
- <name>1</name>
- <address>1</address>
- </customer>
- </customers>
说明调用get方法访问/customers返回xml数据成功。
在put.jsp中输入[id=0, name=00, address=00]并提交form,可以看到提示信息
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <customer id="0">
- <name>00</name>
- <address>00</address>
- </customer>
说明调用put方法访问/customer/{custId}返回xml数据成功,数据被修改。
在get.jsp中输入[id=0]并提交form,可以看到提示信息同上。说明调用get方法访问/customer/{custId}返回xml数据成功。
在delete.jsp中输入[id=0]并提交form,可以看到提示信息
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <message>success</message>
刷新get customers"链接页面,可以看到提示信息
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- customers>
- <customer id="1">
- <name>1</name>
- <address>1</address>
- </customer>
- </customers>
说明调用delete方法访问/customer/{custId}返回xml数据成功,数据被删除。
4.使用ClientResource测试
下面我们使用第五节中用到的ClientResource客户端方式调用Restlet服务。
修改com.sunny.restlet.order.CustomerResource类,代码如下:
public static void main(String[] args) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
try {
ClientResource clientCustomers = new ClientResource(
"http://localhost:8080/firstSteps/spring/customers");
ClientResource clientCustomer = new ClientResource(
"http://localhost:8080/firstSteps/spring/customers/0");
Form form = new Form();
form.add("name", "b");
form.add("address", "b");
Representation representation = clientCustomers.post(form);
System.out.println(representation.getText());
representation = clientCustomers.get();
System.out.println(representation.getText());
form.clear();
form.add("name", "c");
form.add("address", "c");
representation = clientCustomer.put(form);
System.out.println(representation.getText());
representation = clientCustomer.get();
System.out.println(representation.getText());
representation = clientCustomer.delete();
System.out.println(representation.getText());
representation = clientCustomers.get();
System.out.println(representation.getText());
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
重新部署firstSteps后,运行Test类,在控制台可以看到输出信息
- 2013-1-6 16:45:29 org.restlet.engine.http.connector.HttpClientHelper start
- 信息: Starting the default HTTP client
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><customer id="0"><name>b</name><address>b</address></customer>
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><customers><customer id="0"><name>b</name><address>b</address></customer></customers>
- 2013-1-6 16:45:29 org.restlet.engine.http.connector.HttpClientHelper start
- 信息: Starting the default HTTP client
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><customer id="0"><name>c</name><address>c</address></customer>
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><customer id="0"><name>c</name><address>c</address></customer>
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><message>success</message>
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><customers/>
说明客户端方式调用成功。
5.json库
Json作为现在通用的互联网数据传输格式,Restlet当然要支持的了。Restlet的扩展包org.restlet.ext.json.jar提供各种xml相关类库。包中的JsonRepresentation类可以作为返回数据载体使用,其中对多种数据类型提供了支持。
将Restlet安装目录\Edition Java EE\2.0.10\lib下的org.restlet.ext.json.jar包和org.json.jar包加入Build Path。
6.Resource
修改com.sunny.restlet.order.CustomersResource类,代码如下:
@Override
protected Representation get() throws ResourceException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
Map customers = orderDao.getAllCustomers();
return new JsonRepresentation(customers);
}
@Override
protected Representation post(Representation entity)
throws ResourceException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
Form form = new Form(entity);
String name = form.getFirstValue("name");
String address = form.getFirstValue("address");
Customer customer = new Customer(name, address);
String id = orderDao.addCustomer(customer);
customer = orderDao.getCustomerById(id);
if (customer == null) {
return null;
}
return new JsonRepresentation(customer);
}
类中将/customers资源的get和post方法返回的Representation修改为JsonRepresentation。
修改com.sunny.restlet.order.CustomerResource类,代码如下:
@Override
protected Representation delete() throws ResourceException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
String customerId = (String) getRequest().getAttributes().get("custId");
orderDao.deleteCustomerById(customerId);
return new JsonRepresentation("success");
}
@Override
protected Representation get() throws ResourceException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
String customerId = (String) getRequest().getAttributes().get("custId");
Customer customer = orderDao.getCustomerById(customerId);
if (customer == null) {
return null;
}
return new JsonRepresentation(customer);
}
@Override
protected Representation put(Representation entity)
throws ResourceException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
String customerId = (String) getRequest().getAttributes().get("custId");
Form form = new Form(entity);
String name = form.getFirstValue("name");
String address = form.getFirstValue("address");
Customer customer = new Customer(name, address);
orderDao.updateCustomerById(customer, customerId);
customer = orderDao.getCustomerById(customerId);
if (customer == null) {
return null;
}
return new JsonRepresentation(customer);
}
类中将/customer/{custId}的资源的get、put和delete方法返回的Representation修改为JsonRepresentation。可以看到JsonRepresentation对各数据类型的支持。
7.测试
重新部署firstSteps后,运行Test类,在控制台可以看到输出信息
- 2013-1-6 17:32:20 org.restlet.engine.http.connector.HttpClientHelper start
- 信息: Starting the default HTTP client
- {"address":"b","name":"b"}
- {"0":"Customer [name=b, address=b]"}
- 2013-1-6 17:32:21 org.restlet.engine.http.connector.HttpClientHelper start
- 信息: Starting the default HTTP client
- {"address":"c","name":"c"}
- {"address":"c","name":"c"}
- success
- {}
说明客户端方式调用资源,返回json数据成功。
同样可以通过页面来访问修改后的程序,但是返回会是个文件,下载打开后内容和上面的提示信息类似。
8.思考
我们也可以简单的使用StringRepresentation来达到相同的效果,但是需要自己在代码中调用Dom4J和JSON类库来生成json和xml字符串,再使用StringRepresentation将结果返回。