yum和rpm使用方法总结

 使用search命令可以搜索软件包：

$ yum search mysql        ##search SOME_STRING
... ...
mysql.x86_64 : MySQL client programs and shared libraries
mysql-bench.x86_64 : MySQL benchmark scripts and data
mysql-connector-java.x86_64 : Official JDBC driver for MySQL
mysql-connector-odbc.x86_64 : ODBC driver for MySQL
mysql-devel.i686 : Files for development of MySQL applications
mysql-devel.x86_64 : Files for development of MySQL applications
mysql-server.x86_64 : The MySQL server and related files
mysql-test.x86_64 : The test suite distributed with MySQL
... ...

 

使用info命令可以查询软件包的详细信息：

$yum info mysql-server        ##info [PACKAGE|all|installed|updates|extras|obsoletes|recent]
... ...
Installed Packages
Name        : mysql
Arch        : x86_64
Version     : 5.1.52
Release     : 1.el6_0.1
Size        : 2.4 M
Repo        : installed
From repo   : base
Summary     : MySQL client programs and shared libraries
URL         : http://www.mysql.com
License     : GPLv2 with exceptions
Description : MySQL is a multi-user, multi-threaded SQL database server. MySQL is a
            : client/server implementation consisting of a server daemon (mysqld)
            : and many different client programs and libraries. The base package
            : contains the standard MySQL client programs and generic MySQL files.

Available Packages
Name        : mysql
Arch        : x86_64
Version     : 5.1.61
Release     : 1.el6_2.1
Size        : 881 k
Repo        : updates
Summary     : MySQL client programs and shared libraries
URL         : http://www.mysql.com
License     : GPLv2 with exceptions
Description : MySQL is a multi-user, multi-threaded SQL database server. MySQL is a
            : client/server implementation consisting of a server daemon (mysqld)
            : and many different client programs and libraries. The base package
            : contains the standard MySQL client programs and generic MySQL files.

 

使用deplist命令可以检查软件包的依赖关系：

$ yum deplist mysql        ##deplist PACKAGE...
... ...
package: mysql.x86_64 5.1.61-1.el6_2.1
  dependency: perl(File::Temp)
   provider: perl.x86_64 4:5.10.1-119.el6_1.1
  dependency: libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.3.4)(64bit)
   provider: glibc.x86_64 2.12-1.47.el6
   provider: glibc.x86_64 2.12-1.47.el6_2.9
   provider: glibc.x86_64 2.12-1.47.el6_2.12
   provider: glibc.x86_64 2.12-1.47.el6_2.5
  dependency: grep
   provider: grep.x86_64 2.6.3-2.el6
... ...

 

使用update命令可以升级已经安装的软件包：

$ yum update mysql-server        ##update [PACKAGE...]
... ...
Setting up Update Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mysql-server.x86_64 0:5.1.52-1.el6_0.1 will be updated
---> Package mysql-server.x86_64 0:5.1.61-1.el6_2.1 will be an update
--> Processing Dependency: mysql = 5.1.61-1.el6_2.1 for package: mysql-server-5.1.61-1.el6_2.1.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mysql.x86_64 0:5.1.52-1.el6_0.1 will be updated
---> Package mysql.x86_64 0:5.1.61-1.el6_2.1 will be an update
--> Processing Dependency: mysql-libs = 5.1.61-1.el6_2.1 for package: mysql-5.1.61-1.el6_2.1.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mysql-libs.x86_64 0:5.1.52-1.el6_0.1 will be updated
---> Package mysql-libs.x86_64 0:5.1.61-1.el6_2.1 will be an update
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

============================================================================================================
 Package                    Arch                 Version                        Repository             Size
============================================================================================================
Updating:
 mysql-server               x86_64               5.1.61-1.el6_2.1               updates               8.1 M
Updating for dependencies:
 mysql                      x86_64               5.1.61-1.el6_2.1               updates               881 k
 mysql-libs                 x86_64               5.1.61-1.el6_2.1               updates               1.2 M

Transaction Summary
============================================================================================================
Upgrade       3 Package(s)
... ...

 

使用check-update命令可以检查软件包的升级信息：

$ yum check-update        ##check-update [PACKAGE...]
... ...
bash.x86_64                                                4.1.2-9.el6_2                             updates
bind-libs.x86_64                                           32:9.7.3-8.P3.el6_2.3                     updates
bind-utils.x86_64                                          32:9.7.3-8.P3.el6_2.3                     updates
chkconfig.x86_64                                           1.3.49.3-1.el6_2                          updates
cups.x86_64                                                1:1.4.2-44.el6_2.3                        updates
... ...

 

使用erase命令可以移除安装的软件包：

$ yum erase mysql mysql-server        ##erase PACKAGE...
... ...
============================================================================================================
 Package                      Arch            Version                      Repository                  Size
============================================================================================================
Removing:
 mysql                        x86_64          5.1.61-1.el6_2.1             @updates                   2.4 M
 mysql-server                 x86_64          5.1.61-1.el6_2.1             @updates                    23 M
Removing for dependencies:
 akonadi                      x86_64          1.2.1-2.el6                  @base/$releasever          1.8 M
 kdepim                       x86_64          6:4.3.4-5.el6                @base/$releasever           21 M
 kdepim-libs                  x86_64          6:4.3.4-5.el6                @base/$releasever           20 M
 kdepim-runtime               x86_64          4.3.4-5.el6                  @base/$releasever          3.2 M
 kdepim-runtime-libs          x86_64          4.3.4-5.el6                  @base/$releasever          834 k
 kdepimlibs-akonadi           x86_64          4.3.4-4.el6                  @base/$releasever          1.2 M
... ...

 

使用list命令可以查询已经安装的软件包：

$yum list mysql*        ##list [PACKAGE|all|installed|updates|extras|obsoletes|recent]
Installed Packages
mysql.x86_64                                          5.1.61-1.el6_2.1                              @updates
mysql-libs.x86_64                                     5.1.61-1.el6_2.1                              @updates
mysql-server.x86_64                                   5.1.61-1.el6_2.1                              @updates
Available Packages
MySQL-python.x86_64                                   1.2.3-0.3.c1.1.el6                            base    
mysql-bench.x86_64                                    5.1.61-1.el6_2.1                              updates 
mysql-connector-java.x86_64                           1:5.1.12-2.el6                                base    
mysql-connector-odbc.x86_64                           5.1.5r1144-7.el6                              base    
mysql-devel.i686                                      5.1.61-1.el6_2.1                              updates 
mysql-devel.x86_64                                    5.1.61-1.el6_2.1                              updates 
mysql-embedded.i686                                   5.1.61-1.el6_2.1                              updates 
mysql-embedded.x86_64                                 5.1.61-1.el6_2.1                              updates 
mysql-embedded-devel.i686                             5.1.61-1.el6_2.1                              updates 
mysql-embedded-devel.x86_64                           5.1.61-1.el6_2.1                              updates 
mysql-libs.i686                                       5.1.61-1.el6_2.1                              updates 
mysql-test.x86_64                                     5.1.61-1.el6_2.1                              updates

 

使用repolist命令可以查询系统安装的软件库：

$ yum repolist all        ##repolist [all|enabled|disabled]
... ...
repo id                       repo name                               status
base                          CentOS-6 - Base                         enabled: 6,294
c6-media                      CentOS-6 - Media                        disabled
centosplus                    CentOS-6 - Plus                         disabled
contrib                       CentOS-6 - Contrib                      disabled
debug                         CentOS-6 - Debuginfo                    disabled
extras                        CentOS-6 - Extras                       enabled:     6
testing                       CentOS-6 - Testing                      disabled
updates                       CentOS-6 - Updates                      enabled: 1,147
repolist: 7,447

 

使用grouplist命令可以列出所有可用的软件包组：

$ yum grouplist
... ...
Installed Groups:
   Additional Development
   Base
   Debugging Tools
... ...
Installed Language Groups:
   Arabic Support [ar]
   Armenian Support [hy]
   Assamese Support [as]
... ...
Available Groups:
   Backup Client
   Backup Server
   CIFS file server
... ...
Available Language Groups:
   Afrikaans Support [af]
   Albanian Support [sq]
   Amazigh Support [ber]
... ...

 

使用groupinfo命令可以查询软件包组的详细信息：

$ yum groupinfo "FTP Server"
... ...
Group: FTP server
 Description: Allows the system to act as an FTP server.
 Mandatory Packages:
   vsftpd
 Optional Packages:
   xferstats

 

安装某个软件包：

$ rpm –ivh portmap-4.0-54.i386.rpm

 

 查询软件包是否已经安装：

$ rpm -q openssh
openssh-5.3p1-70.el6.x86_64

 

查询所有已安装的软件包：

$ rpm -qa
... ...
openssh-5.3p1-81.el6.x86_64
openssh-server-5.3p1-81.el6.x86_64
libssh2-1.2.2-11.el6_3.x86_64
... ...

 

查询软件包详细信息：

]$ rpm -qi openssh
Name        : openssh                      Relocations: (not relocatable)
Version     : 5.3p1                             Vendor: CentOS
Release     : 70.el6                        Build Date: Thu 08 Dec 2011 04:25:12 AM CST
Install Date: Sat 11 Aug 2012 03:57:26 PM CST      Build Host: c6b18n2.bsys.dev.centos.org
Group       : Applications/Internet         Source RPM: openssh-5.3p1-70.el6.src.rpm
Size        : 679713                           License: BSD
... ...

 

查询软件包所有文件：

$ rpm -ql openssh
/etc/ssh
/etc/ssh/moduli
/usr/bin/ssh-keygen
/usr/libexec/openssh
/usr/libexec/openssh/ssh-keysign
/usr/share/doc/openssh-5.3p1
/usr/share/doc/openssh-5.3p1/CREDITS
/usr/share/doc/openssh-5.3p1/ChangeLog
/usr/share/doc/openssh-5.3p1/INSTALL
/usr/share/doc/openssh-5.3p1/LICENCE
... ...

 

查询软件包所有文档：

$ rpm -qd openssh
/usr/share/doc/openssh-5.3p1/CREDITS
/usr/share/doc/openssh-5.3p1/ChangeLog
/usr/share/doc/openssh-5.3p1/INSTALL
/usr/share/doc/openssh-5.3p1/LICENCE
/usr/share/doc/openssh-5.3p1/OVERVIEW
/usr/share/doc/openssh-5.3p1/PROTOCOL
/usr/share/doc/openssh-5.3p1/PROTOCOL.agent
/usr/share/doc/openssh-5.3p1/README

 

查询软件包所有配置：

$ rpm -qc coreutils
/etc/DIR_COLORS
/etc/DIR_COLORS.256color
/etc/DIR_COLORS.lightbgcolor
/etc/pam.d/runuser
/etc/pam.d/runuser-l
/etc/pam.d/su
/etc/pam.d/su-l
/etc/profile.d/colorls.csh
/etc/profile.d/colorls.sh

 

查询某个文件所在的软件包(必须是绝对路径)：

$ rpm -qf /bin/ls
coreutils-8.4-16.el6.x86_64

 

rpm查询命令(-q)加上v参数可以显示长文件信息：

$ rpm -qcv coreutils
-rw-r--r--    1 root    root                     4439 Apr 28  2010 /etc/DIR_COLORS
-rw-r--r--    1 root    root                     5139 Apr 28  2010 /etc/DIR_COLORS.256color
-rw-r--r--    1 root    root                     4113 Apr 28  2010 /etc/DIR_COLORS.lightbgcolor
-rw-r--r--    1 root    root                      143 Feb 14  2007 /etc/pam.d/runuser
-rw-r--r--    1 root    root                      105 Feb 14  2007 /etc/pam.d/runuser-l
-rw-r--r--    1 root    root                      487 Feb 14  2007 /etc/pam.d/su
-rw-r--r--    1 root    root                      137 Feb 14  2007 /etc/pam.d/su-l
-rw-r--r--    1 root    root                     1133 Apr 28  2010 /etc/profile.d/colorls.csh
-rw-r--r--    1 root    root                     1143 Apr 28  2010 /etc/profile.d/colorls.sh

 

删除某个软件包，但不删除以来它的软件包：

$ rpm -ev --nodeps httpd