同步练习10-项目采购管理

• 1. A project has a tight budget when you begin negotiating with a seller for a piece of equipment. The seller has told you that the equipment price is fixed. Your manager has told you to negotiate the cost with the seller. What is your BEST course of action?

A. Make a good faith effort to find a way to decrease the cost.

B. Postpone negotiations until you can convince your manager to change his mind.

C. Hold the negotiations, but only negotiate other aspects of the project.

D. Cancel the negotiations.

你所在的项目有个非常紧的预算，你开始和卖方谈判购买设备。卖方告诉你设备价格是固定的。你的管理者要求你就成本和卖方进行谈判。你最佳做法是什么?

A．充满诚意的找出种方式来降低成本

B．推迟谈判，直到你可以说服你的管理者改变主意

C．进行谈判，只谈判项目的其他方面

D．取消谈判

A

解释：寻求双赢的方式进行谈判。参考：PMBOK2008 P413。 （2009-6-16 15:47:07）

• 2. A major negotiation with a potential subcontractor is scheduled for tomorrow when you discover there is a good chance the project will be cancelled. What should you do?

A. Do not spend too much time preparing for the negotiations.

B. Cut the negotiations short.

C. Only negotiate major items.

D. Postpone the negotiations.

和潜在供应商的关键谈判安排在明天，此时你发现很可能项目被取消，你应该做什么?

A．不要花太多时间准备谈判

B．缩减谈判的时问

C．只谈判关键内容

D．推迟谈判

D

解释：首先需要确定项目是否会被取消，从而避免不必要的谈判。（2009-6-16 15:47:07）

• 3. The customer on a project tells the project manager he has run out of money to pay for the project. What should the project manager do FIRST?

A. Shift more of the work to later in the schedule to allow time for the customer to get the funds.

B. Enter Close Project

C. Stop work.

D. Release part of the project team.

项目的客户告诉项目经理，他们没钱支付项目。项目经理首先应该做什么?

A．把大量工作安排到进度的后期，给客户时间获得资金

B．进入项目收尾

C．停止工作

D．释放部分团队成员

B

解释：资金断裂，首先收尾项目。参考：PMBOK2008 P99。（2009-6-16 15:47:07）

• 4. A new store development project requires the purchase of various equipment,machinery and furniture. The department responsible for the development recently centralized its external purchasing process and standardized its new order system, In which document can these new procedures be found?

A. Project scope statement

B. WBS

C. Staffing management plan

D. Organizational Process Assets

新的库房开发项目需要采购不同的设备，机械和家具。负责开发的部门最近集中外部采购过程并建立了标准的新采购系统。在下列哪个文档中可以找到新的采购流程?

A．项目范围说明书

B．WBS

C．人力资源管理计划

D．组织过程资产

D

解释：采购程序属于组织过程资产的一部分。参考：PMBOK2008 P321。（2009-6-16 15:47:07）

• 5. Who has the cost risk in a fixed price (FP) contract?

A. Team

B. Buyer

C. Seller

D. Management

在固定价格中谁有成本风险?

A．团队

B．买方

C．卖方

D．管理层

C

解释：固定总价合同，对卖方而言利润是未知的，需承担成本超支的风险。参考：PMBOK2008 P322。（2009-6-16 15:47:07）

• 6. A work breakdown structure which has become part of a contract is often referred to as...

A. ...MDBS (Mandatory WBS)

B. ...SWBS (Scoped WBS)

C. ...FWBS (Final WBS)

D. ...CWBS (Contract WBS)

工作分解结构成为合同的一部分通常缩写为：

A. ...MDBS(强制WBS)

B. ...SWBS(范围WBS)

C. ...FWBS(最终WBS)

D. ...CWBS(合同WBS)

D

（2009-6-16 15:47:07）

• 7. Which is not an example of a correctly handled Contract closure procedure?

A. Early termination of a contract because of a repudiatory breach

B. Settling and finally closing the contract agreement

C. Product verification by stakeholders and administrative closure

D. Early termination of a contract because of an immaterial breach

下列哪个不是正确的合同收尾过程的例子?

A．因为某方违反导致合同早期终止

B．解决并最终收尾合同协议

C．项目干系人完成产品核实和管理收尾

D．因为非实质的违背导致合同早期终止

D

解释：选项D是非正常的合同提前终止。参考：PMBOK2008 P342。 （2009-6-16 15:47:07）

• 8. Which question is not appropriate for a weighting system to evaluate seller's performance according to weighted criteria?

A. What is the yearly investment in development of personnel per year and employee?

B.How many reference customers have been verified by the seller in the specific field?

C.What financial status and reputation in the market place could be assessed?

D.Has a CV of the prospective project manager been sent with the proposal?

在使用权重系统根据权重标准去评估卖方的绩效时，哪个问题是不合适的?

A．每年投资于雇员发展是多少?

B．在某个特定领域卖方有多少可以确认的参考客户?

C．在市场领域中名誉、财务状况怎么样?

D．项目经理发送的提议中预期的CV

D

解释：供方选择标准参考：PMBOK2008 P327 328。 （2009-6-16 15:47:07）

• 9. You are defining evaluation criteria for your project. The procurement item is readily available from a number of acceptable sellers.On which criterion may you focus on in such a situation?

A. Seller's management approach

B. Price offered by the seller

C. Seller's financial capacity

D. Understanding of your need

你为你的项目定义了评估标准。采购的项目可以容易的从一系列可接受的卖方获得。在此种情形，你可能关注哪个标准?

A．卖方的管理方法

B．卖方提议的价格

C．卖方的财务能力

D．对你需求的理解

B

解释：如果产品很容易获得，重点关注是价格。参考：PMBOK2008 P327。 （2009-6-16 15:47:07）

• 10. When should a Time and material contract with a contractor been chosen instead of a Fixed price contract?

A. When cost risks for the customer should be limited but not schedule risks.

B. When project scope includes the progressive elaboration of the scope of deliverables.

C. When subcontractors are being used and the customer will reimburse their invoices.

D. When only a limited amount of money can be made available to fund the project.

什么时候和供应商使用时间材料合同而不是固定价格合同?

A．当客户成本风险限制时而不是进度风险

B．当项目的范围包括成果范围的渐进明晰时

C．当使用子分包商，客户需要支付他们发票时

D．当项目只有有限的资金可以使用时

B

解释：时间材料合同适合项目范围不明确的时候。参考：PMBOK2008 P324。（2009-6-16 15:47:07）

• 11. A project customer and a contractor agreed on regular Quality audits during execution by a third party audit team, which is working on an assignment for the customer. What should the contractor have prepared for the audits?

A. Work results

B. Measurements and test results

C. Quality documentation

D. Contract related correspondence

项目客户和承包商同意在执行期间定期质量审计，由第三方来审计团队，这是客户的工作，承包商准备这个审计该做什么?

A．工作结果

B．测量和测试结果

C．质量文档

D．合同相关的信件

C

解释：质量审计需要对质量文档进行审查。参考：PMBOK2008 P339。 （2009-6-16 15:47:07）

• 12. A request, demand or assertion of a contract partner for consideration,compensation or payment under a legally binding contract, such as a disputed change, is often referred to as a

A. Claim

B. Trial

C. Refinement

D. Audit

一个请求，要求或主张，来自合同伙伴的考虑，补偿，在法律合同下的付款，如争议的变更，通常被考虑为：

A．索赔

B．审判

C．精致

D．审计

A

解释：索赔：根据具有法律约束力的合同条款，一方向另一方提出关于报酬、补偿或款项的权利请求、要求或主张。参考：PMBOK2008 P420。 （2009-6-16 15:47:07）

• 13. The proposal manager of your company approached you recently. You made some estimates on direct costs for an offer on a firm fixed price contract. As indirect costs are to be calculated as a percentage of the direct costs, the sum of both cost types led him to calculating a far too high price. How should you not react?

A. You reduce your direct cost assessments by reducing the amount of work and the rates allocated to them. This allows a reduction of the overhead costs and a lower price.

B. Calculating overheads as a percentage of direct costs is just a model to simplify calculations. A more specific analysis of these costs may lead to a more realistic project price.

C. You say that there is no direct link between the price for work to be paid by a customer and the costs occurring on contractor side. It is the sales person's job to make the price.

D. You make the proposal manager aware that a reduction of direct costs may reduce the numbers for overhead cost allocation, but will not influence the actual overheads.

你们公司的投标经理找到你，你为某个固定价格合同做出些直接成本的估算，间接成本通过直接成本的百分比来计算，所有成本的总和，使他计算出很高的价格。你不应该如何反应?

A．你可以通过减少工作数量和资源费率来降低直接成本。这将降低间接成本获得较低的价格

B．计算间接成本通过直接成本的百分比用模型来调整简单计算。更多具体的成本分析可能导致更切合实际的项目价格

C．你应该说，客户支付工作的价格和供应商的成本没有直接联系。这是销售员的工作来确定价格

D．你要让投标经理意识到降低直接成本可能会降低间接成本分配的数量，但不会影响到实际的间接成本

A

解释：假定你做的估算是客观的，选项A等于减少工作数量，会影响项目范围，所以不适合。 （2009-6-16 15:47:07）

• 14. What is the meaning of the acronym SOW?

A. A Statement of work that is part of a Contingency plan; it is commonly linked with Contingency reserves.

B. A Statement of work that has been formally agreed upon by both parties and is therefore part of a Contract.

C. A Statement of work that is currently valid; this contrasts with the scope baseline, a formerly valid SOW.

D. A Statement of work on project level that cumulate statements of work on Cost account level

CSOW什么意思?

A．工作说明书，应急计划的一部分，通常和应急储备链接

B．工作说明书，正式得到各方同意，是合同的部分

C．当前有效的工作说明书，与范围基准对照而言，正式有效的SOW

D．项目层面上的工作说明书，是在成本帐户层面上的工作累积的描述

B

参考：PMBOK2008 P324。（2009-6-16 15:47:07）

• 15. What do you expect when you are submitting an Invitation to Bid to sellers?

A. Offers which will differ significantly in solution approach and price.

B. Offers which are similar enough to allow a selection based on price.

C. Offers which are not primarily written to win against competition.

D. General information on a seller's ability to provide the goods or services.

当你提供个招标邀请给卖方时，你对卖方期望什么?

A．提供不同的解决方案和价格

B．提供类此的的足够基于价格进行选择

C．提供不要主要关注竞争的胜利

D．卖方提供产品和服务的能力的总说明

B

参考：PMBOK2008 P326。（2009-6-16 15:47:07）

• 16. The Contract management plan differs from the Procurement management plan by which characteristics?

A. The contract management plan describes the type of contracts to be used.The procurement management plan describes how the contract will be managed.

B. The contract management plan is written by the project manager, the procurement management plan is written by the procurement department.

C. The contract management plan is output of the Plan contracting and acquisition process, the procurement management plan is output of the Select sellers process.

D. The procurement management plan relates to the project, while a contract management plan may be written for each individual procurement item.

合同管理计划和采购管理计划不同在于：

A．合同管理计划描述了使用的合同类型，采购管理计划描述合同将如何被管理

B．合同管理计划由项目经理来编写，采购管理计划由采购部门编写

C．合同管理是发包规划和获得过程的输出。采购管理计划是选择卖方过程的输出

D．采购管理计划和项目相关，合同管理计划根据每个独立的采购项目而编写

D

解释：采购管理计划描述如何管理从编制采购文直到合同收尾的各个采购过程。参考：PMBOK2008 P324。（2009-6-16 15:47:07）

• 17. In a project, a Cost incentive contract has been awarded to a contractor with the following parameters: Target cost: $1,000,000 Target contractor fee:$100,000 Cost benefit sharing ratio: 80%/20% Price ceiling: $1,200,000 What is the Point of total assumption (PTA, Breakpoint) of the project?

A. $1,000,000

B. $1,100,000

C. $1,125,000

D. $1,200,000

在项目中，成本激励合同的参数如下：目标成本：1，000，000；目标合同费用：100，000；成本收益分享比例：80，20；最高价格：1，200，000项目的总体假设点是多少?

A．$1，000，000

B。$1，100，000

C．$1，125，000

D．$1，200，000

C

解释：PTA是指卖方成本最高点，当等于此点时，买方支付最高限价；超过此点意味着卖方利润降低。公式：PTA=10/0.8+100 =12.5+100=112.5万。（2009-6-16 15:47:07）

• 18. What is the benefit of a Weighting system over a Screening system when used for selection among sellers?

A. A weighting system is faster and easier to use.

B. A weighting system allows prioritization of selection criteria.

C. A weighting system is less prone to subjective prejudice.

D. Criteria for a weighting system are easier to define.

在选择卖方时，权重系统与筛选系统相比有什么好处?

A．权重系统更快更容易使用

B．权重系统允许对选择标准进行排序

C．权重系统可以避免个人的偏见

D．权重系统的标准容易定义

B

解释：权重就是给不同项打分；筛选系统是制定门槛。 （2009-6-16 15:47:07）

• 19. You are in the process of contacting sellers to obtain bids and proposals. You found out that it may be time-consuming to ensure that they have a clear and common understanding of the procurement process and of the needs of your project. Which technique may help you saving time?

A. Bidder conferences

B. Advertising

C. Qualified sellers list

D. Four-eyes meetings

你在联系卖方获得投标书和建议书的过程。你发现花很长时间来确认他们清楚和共同的理解采购过程和你项目的需求。哪个技术可以帮助你节省时间?

A．投标人会议

B．广告

C．合格卖方清单

D．四眼会议

A

解释：投标人会议是实施采购的工具，用来确保卖方对本项采购都有清楚一致的认识。参考：PMBOK2008 P331。（2009-6-16 15:47:07）

• 20. In most jurisdictions, a legally required order of formal statements establishing a contract is:

A. Invitation to treat, offer, PO

B. Inquiry, bid, order

C. Offer, acceptance

D. MoU, Lol, final agreement

最多的权限情况下，法律上要求的正式建立合同的流程是：

A．邀请，出价，签约

B．调查，投标，采购

C．出价，接受

D．谅解备忘录，意向书，最终合同

C

参考： H. Kerzner, Project Management, A Systems Approach to Planning, Scheduling and Controlling, 8th edition, page 817.（2009-6-16 15:47:07）

• 21. You have scheduled a contractor conference after two days with potential contractors to discuss a procurement. Today, the senior management informed you that there is a very high probability of the project being canceled. You should

A.cancel the meeting.

B.go ahead with the meeting but inform the contractors that the project may be canceled.

C.go ahead with the meeting as usual.

D.wait until the meeting, to see if there is a change in the status of the project.

你计划了供应商会议在两天后，和潜在的供应商讨论采购事宜。今天，高层告诉你有个非常高的可能性项目被取消，你应该：

A．取消会议

B．继续会议同时通知供应商项目可能被取消

C．继续会议

D．等待会议后，看看是否有可能变更项目状况

B

解释：及时和供应商交流提醒风险。（2009-6-16 15:47:07）

• 22. A new project manager is about to begin creating the contract statement of work. One stakeholder wants to add many items to the contract statement of work. Another stakeholder only wants to describe the functional requirements.The project is important for the project manager's company, but a seller will do the work. How would you advise the project manager?

A. The contract statement of work should be general to allow the seller to make his own decisions.

B. The contract statement of work should be general to allow clarification later.

C. The contract statement of work should be detailed to allow clarification later.

D. The contract statement of work should be as detailed as necessary for the type of project.

某个新任项目经理正在创建合同工作说明书。一个干系人希望增加些条目到SOW中。其他干系人希望只描述功能需求。这个项目对项目经理而言是非常重要的。你该如何建议项目经理?

A．合同工作说明书应该可以让卖方做出他的决策

B．合同工作说明书应该在稍后更清楚

C．合同工作说明书应该足够详细

D．合同工作说明书应该足够详细到符合项目的类型

D

解释：采购工作说明书的详细程度要根据采购品的性质、买方的需要或拟用的合同形式而异。参考：PMBOK2008 P325。（2009-6-16 15:47:07）

• 23. What type of contract do you NOT want to use if you do not have enough labor to audit invoices?

A. Cost plus fixed fee (CPFF)

B. Time & material (T&M)

C. Fixed price (FP)

D. Fixed price incentive fee (FPIF)

当你没有足够人力来做审计时，你最不可能使用哪个类型的合同?

A．成本加固定费用(CPFF)

B．时间和材料(T＆M)

C．固定总价(FP)

D．固定价格加奖励(FPIF)

A

解释：成本补偿类合同，需要你审计卖方成本。参考：PMBOK2008 P323。（2009-6-16 15:47:07）

• 24. During project executing, your project team member delivers a project deliverable to the buyer. However, the buyer refuses the deliverable, stating that it does not meet the requirement on page 300 of the technical specifications. You review the document and find that you agree. What is the BEST thing to do?

A. Explain that the contract is wrong and should be changed.

B. Issue a change order.

C. Review the requirements and meet with the responsible team member to review the WBS dictionary.

D. Call a meeting of the team to review the requirement on page 300.

项目执行中，你的团队成员递交项目成果给买方。然而，买方拒绝接受，并指出不符合技术规范中第300页的需求。你评估文档。你最好应该做什么?

A．解释合同是错误的应该被变更

B．发布变更通知单

C．评估需求会见负责该成果的成员共同评估WBS字典

D．和成员召开会议评估第300页的需求

C

2009-6-16 15:47:07）

• 25. The performing organization is trying to decide whether to split the contracts department and assign contracting responsibilities to departments directly responsible for the projects. A contract professional might not want this split to occur because they would lose_____in a decentralized contracting environment.

A. standardized company project management practices

B. loyalty to the project

C. experience

D. access to others with similar expertise

执行组织尝试决定是否拆分采购部，把采购的责任直接归到项目上。一个采购专家不希望这样分解因为他毕竟担心在分散式采购环境中丢失：

A．标准化的公司项目管理实践

B．项目的忠心

C．经验

D．访问其他类此项目的经验

D

解释：采购有集中、分散两种模式；集中采购优点：便于利用其他项目的采购经验；分散采购不具备此特点。参考：图解项目管理-采购章节。（2009-6-16 15:47:07）

• 26. The project team is arguing about the prospective sellers who have submitted proposals. One team member argues for a certain seller while another team member wants the project awarded to a different seller. The BEST thing the project manager should remind the team to focus on in order to make a selection is the:

A. procurement documents.

B. procurement audits.

C. evaluation criteria.

D. procurement management plan.

项目团队在讨论提交建议书的卖方。一个成员建议选择某个卖方，其他团队成员希望项目选择不同的卖方。项目经理应该提醒团队集中精力在下列哪个项目上来确保做出选择?

A．采购文档

B．采购审计

C．评估标准

D．采购管理计划

C

解释：评估标准，可以主观也可以是客观的。参考：PMBOK2008 P327。（2009-6-16 15:47:07）

• 27. you have just started administrating a contract when management decides to terminate the contract. What should you do FIRST?

A. Go back to request seller responses.

B. Go back to plan contracting.

C. Finish contract administration.

D. Go to contract closure.

你刚开始管理一个合同，管理层决定中止这个合同，你首先应该做什么?

A．回到选择卖方响应

B．回到采购规划

C．结束合同管理

D．进入合同收尾

D

解释：合同提前终止是结束采购的一个特例。参考：PMBOK2008 P342。（2009-6-16 15:47:07）

• 28. After much excitement and hard work, the contract statement of work for the project is completed. Even after gaining agreement that the contract statement of work is complete, the project manager is still concerned whether it actually addresses al! the buyer's needs. The project manager is about to attend the bidder conference. He asks you for advice on what to do during the session. Which of the following is the BEST advice you can give him?

A. You do not need to attend this session. The contract manager will hold it.

B. Make sure you negotiate project scope.

C. Make sure you give all the sellers enough time to ask questions. They may not want to ask questions while their competitors are in the room.

D. Let the project sponsor handle the meeting so you can be the good guy in the negotiation session.

通过辛苦兴奋得努力，合同工作说明书已经完成了。在获得认可后，项目经理仍然担心是否包括了所有买方的需要。这个项目经理即将出席投标人会议。他征求你在此会议上注意事项。下列哪个是你给他的最好建议?

A．你不需要出席此会议，合同经理将会处理一切

B．确保你就项目范围进行谈判

C．确保你给了所有卖方足够时间来问问题，当他们和竞争者在一起时可能不想问问题。

D．让项目出资人主持会议，你可以在谈判中扮演好人的角色

C

2009-6-16 15:47:07）

• 29. The project manager and project sponsor are discussing the project costs and whether it is better to have their own company do part of the project or hire another company to do the work. If they asked for your opinion, you might say it would be better to do the work yourself if:

A. there is a lot of proprietary data.

B. you have the expertise but you do not have the available manpower.

C. you do not need control over the work.

D. your company resources are limited.

项目经理和出资人在讨论项目的成本以及是否最好他们自己公司来完成项目的一部分或者雇用其他公司来做。如果他们征求你意见，你可能会说最好由自己公司来做这份工作当：

A．涉及到专利数据时

B．你具有经验可是没有可利用的人力资源时

C．你不需要控制所有工作时

D．你们公司资源有限时

A

解释：自制外购分析，当涉及专利时，应该自制。参考：PMBOK2008 P321。（2009-6-16 15:47:07）

• 30. Your project has just been fast tracked and you are looking at bringing in a subcontractor to complete networking quickly. There is no time to issue a request for proposal (RFP), so you choose to use a company you have used many times before for software development. A PRIMARY concern in this situation is:

A. collusion between subcontractors.

B. the subcontractor's qualifications.

C. the subcontractor's evaluation criteria.

D. holding a bidder conference.

你的项目刚刚快速跟进，你发现需要找个子承包商来尽快完成网络。没有时问来发布建议请求书(RFP)，所以你选择了一个公司此前帮你做过软件开发工作。这种情况下最需要关注的是：

A．子承包商相互勾结

B．子承包商的资格

C．子承包商的评估标准

D．主持投标人会议

B

解释：题干表明没有进行招投标活动，那需要更多关注供应商资格。（2009-6-16 15:47:07）

• 31. A project manager is in the middle of creating a request for proposal (RFP). What part of the procurement process is he in?

A. Plan purchases and acquisitions

B. Plan Procurements

C. Request seller responses

D. Select sellers

项目经理正在创建建议请求书(RFP)，他现在在哪个采购管理过程中?

A．采购规划

B．规划采购

C．获得卖方响应(询价)

D．选择卖方

B

解释：RFP属于招标文件是规划采购的输出。参考：PMBOK2008 P326。（2009-6-16 15:47:07）

• 32. The project team seems to like to argue; they have argued about everything. Luckily the project manager has set in place a reward system and team building sessions that will help and encourage the team to cooperate more.The latest thing they are arguing about is if they should complete a work package themselves or outsource the work to someone else. What part of the procurement process must they be in?

A. Contract administration

B. Plan Procurements

C. Request seller responses

D. Select sellers

项目团队看起来在讨论。项目经理在恰当的位置激励大家讨论并达成共识。最后团队成员在探讨某个工作包是自己完成还是找外部采购。他们现在在哪个采购过程中?

A．合同管理

B．规划采购

C．获得卖方响应(询价)

D．选择卖方

B

解释：自制外购分析是规划采购的工具。参考：PMBOK2008 P321。（2009-6-16 15:47:07）

• 33. The project team is arguing about the prospective sellers who have submitted proposals. One team member argues for a certain seller while another team member wants the project awarded to a different seller. What part of the procurement process is the team in?

A. Plan purchases and acquisitions

B. Plan contracting

C. Request seller responses

D. Conduct Procurements

项目团队在讨论提交建议书的卖方。一个成员建议选择某个卖方，其他团队成员希望项目选择不同的卖方。团队在哪个采购过程中?

A．采购规划

B．发包规划

C．获得卖方响应

D．实施采购

解释：选择卖方属于实施采购过程。参考：PMBOK2008 P328。（2009-6-16 15:47:07）

• 34. During what part of the procurement process does contract negotiation occur?

A. Plan purchases and acquisitions

B. Plan contracting

C. Request seller responses

D. Conduct Procurements

在哪个采购过程中会出现谈判?

A．采购规划

B．发包规划

C．获得卖方响应(询价)

D．实施采购

D

解释：谈判是实施采购过程的工具。参考：PMBOK2008 P332。。（2009-6-16 15:47:07）

• 35. Your company has an emergency and needs contracted work done as soon as possible. Under these circumstances, which of the following would be the MOST helpful to add to the contract?

A. A clear contract statement of work

B. Requirements as to which subcontractors can be used

C. Incentives

D. A force majeure clause

你们公司有个紧急情况需要合同公司尽快启动。在这种情况下，下列哪个加入项目中最有帮助?

A．清楚地合同工作说明书

B．子承包商的必要条件

C．激励

D．不可抗力条款

C

解释：合同中的激励条款，可以让买卖双方目标更一致（2009-6-16 15:47:07）

• 36. With which type of contract is the seller MOST concerned about project scope?

A. Fixed price

B. Cost plus fixed fee

C. Time and material

D. Purchase order

下列哪个类型的合同卖方最关心项目范围?

A．固定价格

B．成本加固定费用

C．时间和材料

D．采购单

A

解释：固定价格合同对卖方而言要承担成本风险，所以最关心范围是否明确。参考：PMBOK2008 P322。（2009-6-16 15:47:07）

• 37. Which of the following is an advantage of centralized contracting?

A. Gives easier access to contracting expertise

B. Increases company expertise in contracting

C. Gives more loyalty to the project

D. Allows a contracts person to work on a single project

下列哪个是集中采购的优点?

A．更好的获得专家支持

B．增加公司采购经验

C．获得对项目的忠心

D．允许采购员可以工作在单个项目上

B

解释：采购有集中、分散两种模式；集中采购优点：便于利用其他项目的采购经验；分散采购不具备此特点。参考：图解项目管理-采购章节（2009-6-16 15:47:07）

• 38. YOU are in the middle of a complex negotiation when the other party says, "We need to finish in one hour because I have to catch my plane." That person is using which of the following negotiation strategies?

A. Good guy, bad guy

B. Delay

C. Deadline

D. Extreme demands

你在复杂的谈判中，一方说“我们需要在1小时内结束因为我需要赶飞机航班”。这个人在使用下列哪个谈判技巧?

A．黑脸白脸

B．耽误

C．最终期限

D．极端需求

C

解释：最终期限，就是说明一个时间点，谈判会结束，意味着必须在那个点之前，达成共识；推迟：就是找借口或理由，当前不表态，将谈判拖延；不见了的人：又叫有限授权，先和对方谈，需要表态时，自己说老板不在或自己没权力决策。参考：《双赢谈判》-《优势谈判》-罗杰道森（2009-6-16 15:47:07）

• 39. As part of the records management system, you are trying to make sure that all records from the procurement are documented and indexed. Which of the following do you NOT have to worry about?

A. Proposal

B. Statement of work

C. Terms and conditions

D. Negotiation process

作为记录管理系统的一部分。你尝试确保所有采购的文档被记录并索引。下列哪个你不需要担心?

A．建议书

B．SOW工作说明书

C．条款和条件

D．谈判过程

D

参考：PMBOK2008 P339。（2009-6-16 15:47:07）

• 40. The sponsor and the project manager are discussing what type of contract the project manager plans to use on the project. The buyer points out that the performing organization spent a lot of money hiring a design team to come up with the design. The project manager is concerned that the risk for the buyer be as small as possible. An advantage of a fixed price contract for the buyer is:

A. cost risk is lower.

B. cost risk is higher.

C. there is little risk.

D. risk is shared by all parties.

出资人在和项目经理一起讨论项目经理计划在项目上使用哪种合同。买方指出执行组织花费了大量钱财来雇用设计团队来做设计。项目经理希望买方的风险尽可能小。固定总价合同的一个优点是对买方而言：

A．成本风险低

B．成本风险高

C．有少许风险

D．风险由各方共担

A

解释：固定总价合同，对卖方而言利润是未知的，需承担成本超支的风险；对买方而言成本风险最低。参考：PMBOK2008 P322（2009-6-16 15:47:07）

• 41. A project performed under a cost reimbursable contract has finally entered the closing process. What must the buyer remember to do?

A. Decrease the risk rating of the project.

B. Audit seller's cost submittals.

C. Evaluate the fee he is paying.

D. Make sure that the seller is not adding resources.

你的项目执行在成本报销合同下进入收尾过程。买方应该记得做什么?

A．降低项目风险等级

B．审计卖方成本单据

C．评估费用已经被支付

D．确认卖方没有增加资源

B

解释：成本补偿类合同，需要你审计卖方成本。参考：PMBOK2008 P323（2009-6-16 15:47:07）

• 42. The sponsor is worried about the seller deriving extra profit on the cost plus fixed fee (CPFF) contract. Each month he requires the project manager to submit CPI calculations and an analysis of the cost to complete. The project manager explains to the sponsor that extra profits should not be a worry on this project because?

A. The team is making sure the seller does not cut scope.

B. All costs invoiced are being audited.

C. There can only be a maximum 10 percent increase if there is an unexpected cost overrun.

D. The fee is only received by the seller when the project is completed.

出资人担心卖方从成本加固定酬金合同中获取额#I-~U益。每个月他要求项目经理提交CPI来计算分析完成项目的成本。项目经理向出资人解释不用担心因为：

A．团队将确认卖方不消减范围

B．所有的成本都将被审计

C．如果发生未预期的成本超支不会超过10％

D．只会在项目完成时卖方才能得到酬金

B

解释：成本补偿类合同，需要你审计卖方成本。参考：PMBOK2008 P323（2009-6-16 15:47:07）

• 43. Which of the following is the BEST thing for a project manager to do in the Conduct Procurements part of procurement management?

A. Evaluate risks

B. Confirm that submittals have been sent

C. Confirm that changes to the contract are made

D. Answer sellers questions about bid documents

下列哪个是项目经理在采购管理中实施采购过程中作的活动?

A．评估风险

B．确认发送了提交单

C．确认合同发生了变更

D．回答卖方关于招标文件的问题

D

解释：选项D属于投标人会议的内容。参考：PMBOK2008　P331。（2009-6-16 15:47:07）

• 44. Which of the following activities occurs during Plan Procurements?

A. Make-or-Buy Analysis

B. Answering sellers questions about the bid documents

C. Creating the contract terms and conditions

D. Creating the request for proposal or bid documents

下列哪个活动出现在规划采购中?

A．自制或购买分析

B．回答卖方关于招标文件的问题

C．创建合同条款和条件

D．创建招标文件或提议请求

A

解释：自制或购买分析是规划采购的工具。参考：PMBOK2008 P321。（2009-6-16 15:47:07）

• 45. What is one of the KEY objectives during negotiations?

A. Obtain a fair and reasonable price.

B. Negotiate a price under the seller's estimate.

C. Ensure that all project risks are thoroughly delineated.

D. Ensure that an effective communications management plan is established

下列哪个是谈判的主要目标?

A．获得公平合理的价格

B．谈判获得低于卖方估算的价格

C．确保所有项目风险被彻底定义

D．确保已经建立有效的沟通管理计划

A

2009-6-16 15:47:07）

• 46. Bidder conferences are part of:

A. plan contracting.

B. contract administration.

C. Conduct Procurements.

D. plan purchases and acquisitions

投标人会议属于：

A．采购规划

B．合同管理

C．实施采购

D．规划购买或自制

C

解释：投标人会议是实施采购的工具。参考：PMBOK2008 P331。（2009-6-16 15:47:07）

• 47. A seller is working on a cost reimbursable (CR) contract when the buyer decides he would like to expand the scope of services and change to a fixed price (FP) contract. All of the following are the seller's options EXCEPT?

A. Completing the original work on a cost reimbursable basis and then negotiating a fixed price for the additional work

B. Completing the original work and rejecting the additional work

C. Negotiating a fixed price contract that includes all the work

D. Starting over with a new contract

某个卖方正工作在成本补偿合同中买方决定扩展项目服务范围更改合同为固定总价合同，下列都是卖方的选项除了：

A．根据成本补偿合同完成最初的工作就额外的工作开始固定总价合同的谈判

B．完成最初的工作拒绝新的工作

C．包括所有的工作开始就固定总价合同谈判

D．开始用新的合同重新开始

D

解释：只要合同签订不违法就需要执行。（2009-6-16 15:47:07）

• 48. All the following statements about change control are incorrect EXCEPT?

A. A fixed price contract will minimize the need for change control.

B. Changes seldom provide real benefits to the project.

C. Contracts should include procedures to accommodate changes.

D. More detailed specifications eliminate the causes of changes.

下列关于变更控制的说法都是错误的除了：

A．固定总价合同将会降低变更控制的需要

B．变更很少给项目带来真实的收益

C．合同必须包括针对变更的流程

D．更多细节的说明书可以排除变更的原因

解释：合同中会包括 变更请求处理。参考：PMBOK2008 P334。（2009-6-16 15:47:07）

• 49. All of the following statements concerning bid documentation are incorrect EXCEPT?

A. Well-designed bid documents can simplify comparison of responses.

B. Bid documentation must be rigorous with no flexibility to allow consideration of seller suggestions.

C. In general, bid documents should not include evaluation criteria.

D. Well-designed bid documents do not include a contract statement of work.

下列所有关于招标文档的说法都是错误的除了?

A．设计良好的招标书可以很容易的进行回应

B．招标文件必须非常严格不允许考虑卖方的建议

C．一般而言，招标文档不应该包括评估标准

D．设计良好的招标书不包括合同工作说明书

A

参考：PMBOK2008 P326。（2009-6-16 15:47:07）

• 50. A particular item that is needed for the performance of the project is not available in the organization and moreover it is anticipated that there will be a requirement for this item in the future. Considering these factors,what would you suggest?

A. Renting

B. Making

C. Borrowing

D. Leasing

某个特定的物品你的项目需要可是你的组织中没有，此外估计这个物品将来还需要使用，考虑到这些因素，你应该如何建议?

A．租

B．自制

C．借

D．出租

B

解释：如果长期使用最好是自制；短期使用可以租赁。（2009-6-16 15:47:07）