Ubuntu18.04下安装配置Maven及踩坑记

下载Maven

1. 搜索进入[maven官网]:(https://maven.apache.org/)；
2. 选择并下载合适的版本(最好选择最新版本的前一个版本）及合适格式（ubuntu下选择tar.gz格式，windows下选择zip格式）的maven；
3. 这里我选择的是3.6.1版本的maven，默认下载到了~/下载路径下。

安装Maven

1. 进入maven下载路径下

   cd ~/下载
   

2. 解压文件

   tar -zxvf apache-maven-3.6.1
   

3. 将文件移动到合适的路径下（通常为/opt 或者/usr/local路径下）

   sudo mv apache-maven-3.6.1 /usr/local/apache/
   

配置Maven

• 配置环境变量*

  1. 编辑配置文件（全局用户配置或者个人用户配置）

     sudo vim /etc/profile 或者 vim ~/.profile
     

  2. 添加下面命令（M2_HOME为变量名，然后是maven文件路径）

     export M2_HOME=/usr/local/apache/apache-maven-3.6.1
     export PATH=${M2_HOME}/bin:$PATH
     

• 配置国内阿里云镜像来加速

  1. 编辑maven配置文件

     vim /usr/local/apache/apache-maven-3.6.1/conf/settings.xml
     

  2. 更换为阿里云镜像源

     <mirror>
     <id>aliyunmavenid>
     <mirrorOf>centralmirrorOf>
     <name>阿里云公共仓库name>
     <url>https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/publicurl>
     mirror>
     

  3. 配置参考自官方文档

使用Maven

• 帮助命令

  mvn -help
  

踩坑1：eclipse创建maven项目时失败

• 报错如下：
  Could not resolve archetype org.apache.maven.archetypes:maven-archetype-webapp:1.0 from any of the configured repositories. Could not resolve artifact org.apache.maven.archetypes:maven-archetype-webapp:pom:1.0 Failure to transfer org.apache.maven.archetypes:maven-archetype-webapp:pom:1.0 from https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2 was cached in the local repository, resolution will not be reattempted until the update interval of central has elapsed or updates are forced. Original error: Could not transfer artifact org.apache.maven.archetypes:maven-archetype-webapp:pom:1.0 from/to central (https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2): connect timed out Failure to transfer org.apache.maven.archetypes:maven-archetype-webapp:pom:1.0 from https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2 was cached in the local repository, resolution will not be reattempted until the update interval of central has elapsed or updates are forced. Original error: Could not transfer artifact org.apache.maven.archetypes:maven-archetype-webapp:pom:1.0 from/to central (https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2): connect timed out

• 分析及解决方案：

  1. 简要分析： 翻译：maven-archetype-webapp:pom:1.0已经缓存在本地了，直到中心更新间隔已过或者强制更新之前不会再有解决方案。
  2. 解决方案：删除maven-archetype本地缓存

     sudo rm -rf ~/.m2/repository/org/apache/maven/archetypes/maven*
     

踩坑2：maven pom文件报错

• 报错如下：
  Failure to transfer org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-surefire-plugin:pom:2.22.2 from https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2 was cached in the local repository, resolution will not be reattempted until the update interval of central has elapsed or updates are forced.
• 解决方案：
  1. 删除本地仓库此插件：maven-surefire-plugin

     rm -rf ~/.m2/repository/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-surefire-plugin
     

  2. 更新项目
     右键项目->maven->Update Project 勾上Force Update of Snapshots/Releases即可。