Hashcat是自称世界上最快的密码恢复工具。它在2015年之前拥有专有代码库,但现在作为免费软件发布。适用于Linux,OS X和Windows的版本可以使用基于CPU或基于GPU的变体。支持hashcat的散列算法有Microsoft LM哈希,MD4,MD5,SHA系列,Unix加密格式,MySQL和Cisco PIX等。
hashcat支持多种计算核心:
GPU
CPU
APU
DSP
FPGA
Coprocessor
GPU的驱动要求
AMD GPUs on Linux require "RadeonOpenCompute (ROCm)" Software Platform (1.6.180 or later)
AMD GPUs on Windows require "AMD Radeon Software Crimson Edition" (15.12 or later)
Intel CPUs require "OpenCL Runtime for Intel Core and Intel Xeon Processors" (16.1.1 or later)
Intel GPUs on Linux require "OpenCL 2.0 GPU Driver Package for Linux" (2.0 or later)
Intel GPUs on Windows require "OpenCL Driver for Intel Iris and Intel HD Graphics"
NVIDIA GPUs require "NVIDIA Driver" (367.x or later)
最新版hashcat下载地址:https://hashcat.net/files/hashcat-5.1.0.7z
GitHub地址:https://github.com/hashcat/hashcat
下面使常见的参数,想了解更多的参数可以hashcat --help查看
-a 指定要使用的破解模式,其值参考后面对参数。“-a 0”字典攻击,“-a 1” 组合攻击;“-a 3”掩码攻击。
-m 指定要破解的hash类型,如果不指定类型,则默认是MD5
-o 指定破解成功后的hash及所对应的明文密码的存放位置,可以用它把破解成功的hash写到指定的文件中
--force 忽略破解过程中的警告信息,跑单条hash可能需要加上此选项
--show 显示已经破解的hash及该hash所对应的明文
--increment 启用增量破解模式,你可以利用此模式让hashcat在指定的密码长度范围内执行破解过程
--increment-min 密码最小长度,后面直接等于一个整数即可,配置increment模式一起使用
--increment-max 密码最大长度,同上
--outfile-format 指定破解结果的输出格式id,默认是3
--username 忽略hash文件中的指定的用户名,在破解linux系统用户密码hash可能会用到
--remove 删除已被破解成功的hash
-r 使用自定义破解规则
# | Mode
===+======
0 | Straight(字段破解)
1 | Combination(组合破解)
3 | Brute-force(掩码暴力破解)
6 | Hybrid Wordlist + Mask(字典+掩码破解)
7 | Hybrid Mask + Wordlist(掩码+字典破解)
1 = hash[:salt]
2 = plain
3 = hash[:salt]:plain
4 = hex_plain
5 = hash[:salt]:hex_plain
6 = plain:hex_plain
7 = hash[:salt]:plain:hex_plain
8 = crackpos
9 = hash[:salt]:crackpos
10 = plain:crackpos
11 = hash[:salt]:plain:crackpos
12 = hex_plain:crackpos
13 = hash[:salt]:hex_plain:crackpos
14 = plain:hex_plain:crackpos
15 = hash[:salt]:plain:hex_plain:crackpos
因为实在是太多了,所有我就贴一部分常见的hash类型,要想了解所有的参数可到hashcat的Wiki上去看,或者直接hashcat --help查看hash对照表
- [ Hash modes ] -
# | Name | Category
======+==================================================+======================================
900 | MD4 | Raw Hash
0 | MD5 | Raw Hash
5100 | Half MD5 | Raw Hash
100 | SHA1 | Raw Hash
1300 | SHA2-224 | Raw Hash
1400 | SHA2-256 | Raw Hash
10800 | SHA2-384 | Raw Hash
1700 | SHA2-512 | Raw Hash
17300 | SHA3-224 | Raw Hash
17400 | SHA3-256 | Raw Hash
17500 | SHA3-384 | Raw Hash
17600 | SHA3-512 | Raw Hash
10 | md5($pass.$salt) | Raw Hash, Salted and/or Iterated
20 | md5($salt.$pass) | Raw Hash, Salted and/or Iterated
30 | md5(utf16le($pass).$salt) | Raw Hash, Salted and/or Iterated
40 | md5($salt.utf16le($pass)) | Raw Hash, Salted and/or Iterated
3800 | md5($salt.$pass.$salt) | Raw Hash, Salted and/or Iterated
3710 | md5($salt.md5($pass)) | Raw Hash, Salted and/or Iterated
4010 | md5($salt.md5($salt.$pass)) | Raw Hash, Salted and/or Iterated
4110 | md5($salt.md5($pass.$salt)) | Raw Hash, Salted and/or Iterated
2600 | md5(md5($pass)) | Raw Hash, Salted and/or Iterated
3910 | md5(md5($pass).md5($salt)) | Raw Hash, Salted and/or Iterated
4300 | md5(strtoupper(md5($pass))) | Raw Hash, Salted and/or Iterated
4400 | md5(sha1($pass)) | Raw Hash, Salted and/or Iterated
110 | sha1($pass.$salt) | Raw Hash, Salted and/or Iterated
120 | sha1($salt.$pass) | Raw Hash, Salted and/or Iterated
130 | sha1(utf16le($pass).$salt) | Raw Hash, Salted and/or Iterated
140 | sha1($salt.utf16le($pass)) | Raw Hash, Salted and/or Iterated
4500 | sha1(sha1($pass)) | Raw Hash, Salted and/or Iterated
4520 | sha1($salt.sha1($pass)) | Raw Hash, Salted and/or Iterated
4700 | sha1(md5($pass)) | Raw Hash, Salted and/or Iterated
4900 | sha1($salt.$pass.$salt) | Raw Hash, Salted and/or Iterated
14400 | sha1(CX) | Raw Hash, Salted and/or Iterated
1410 | sha256($pass.$salt) | Raw Hash, Salted and/or Iterated
1420 | sha256($salt.$pass) | Raw Hash, Salted and/or Iterated
1430 | sha256(utf16le($pass).$salt) | Raw Hash, Salted and/or Iterated
1440 | sha256($salt.utf16le($pass)) | Raw Hash, Salted and/or Iterated
1710 | sha512($pass.$salt) | Raw Hash, Salted and/or Iterated
1720 | sha512($salt.$pass) | Raw Hash, Salted and/or Iterated
1730 | sha512(utf16le($pass).$salt) | Raw Hash, Salted and/or Iterated
1740 | sha512($salt.utf16le($pass)) | Raw Hash, Salted and/or Iterated
14000 | DES (PT = $salt, key = $pass) | Raw Cipher, Known-Plaintext attack
14100 | 3DES (PT = $salt, key = $pass) | Raw Cipher, Known-Plaintext attack
14900 | Skip32 (PT = $salt, key = $pass) | Raw Cipher, Known-Plaintext attack
15400 | ChaCha20 | Raw Cipher, Known-Plaintext attack
2500 | WPA-EAPOL-PBKDF2 | Network Protocols
2501 | WPA-EAPOL-PMK | Network Protocols
16800 | WPA-PMKID-PBKDF2 | Network Protocols
16801 | WPA-PMKID-PMK | Network Protocols
7300 | IPMI2 RAKP HMAC-SHA1 | Network Protocols
7500 | Kerberos 5 AS-REQ Pre-Auth etype 23 | Network Protocols
8300 | DNSSEC (NSEC3) | Network Protocols
10200 | CRAM-MD5 | Network Protocols
11100 | PostgreSQL CRAM (MD5) | Network Protocols
11200 | MySQL CRAM (SHA1) | Network Protocols
16100 | TACACS+ | Network Protocols
16500 | JWT (JSON Web Token) | Network Protocols
121 | SMF (Simple Machines Forum) > v1.1 | Forums, CMS, E-Commerce, Frameworks
400 | phpBB3 (MD5) | Forums, CMS, E-Commerce, Frameworks
2811 | MyBB 1.2+ | Forums, CMS, E-Commerce, Frameworks
2811 | IPB2+ (Invision Power Board) | Forums, CMS, E-Commerce, Frameworks
8400 | WBB3 (Woltlab Burning Board) | Forums, CMS, E-Commerce, Frameworks
11 | Joomla < 2.5.18 | Forums, CMS, E-Commerce, Frameworks
400 | Joomla >= 2.5.18 (MD5) | Forums, CMS, E-Commerce, Frameworks
400 | WordPress (MD5) | Forums, CMS, E-Commerce, Frameworks
2612 | PHPS | Forums, CMS, E-Commerce, Frameworks
7900 | Drupal7 | Forums, CMS, E-Commerce, Frameworks
21 | osCommerce | Forums, CMS, E-Commerce, Frameworks
21 | xt:Commerce | Forums, CMS, E-Commerce, Frameworks
11000 | PrestaShop | Forums, CMS, E-Commerce, Frameworks
124 | Django (SHA-1) | Forums, CMS, E-Commerce, Frameworks
10000 | Django (PBKDF2-SHA256) | Forums, CMS, E-Commerce, Frameworks
12 | PostgreSQL | Database Server
131 | MSSQL (2000) | Database Server
132 | MSSQL (2005) | Database Server
1731 | MSSQL (2012, 2014) | Database Server
200 | MySQL323 | Database Server
300 | MySQL4.1/MySQL5 | Database Server
3100 | Oracle H: Type (Oracle 7+) | Database Server
112 | Oracle S: Type (Oracle 11+) | Database Server
12300 | Oracle T: Type (Oracle 12+) | Database Server
8000 | Sybase ASE | Database Server
15000 | FileZilla Server >= 0.9.55 | FTP Server
11500 | CRC32 | Checksums
3000 | LM | Operating Systems
1000 | NTLM | Operating Systems
500 | md5crypt, MD5 (Unix), Cisco-IOS $1$ (MD5) | Operating Systems
3200 | bcrypt $2*$, Blowfish (Unix) | Operating Systems
7400 | sha256crypt $5$, SHA256 (Unix) | Operating Systems
1800 | sha512crypt $6$, SHA512 (Unix) | Operating Systems
122 | macOS v10.4, MacOS v10.5, MacOS v10.6 | Operating Systems
1722 | macOS v10.7 | Operating Systems
7100 | macOS v10.8+ (PBKDF2-SHA512) | Operating Systems
11600 | 7-Zip | Archives
12500 | RAR3-hp | Archives
13000 | RAR5 | Archives
13600 | WinZip | Archives
9700 | MS Office <= 2003 $0/$1, MD5 + RC4 | Documents
9710 | MS Office <= 2003 $0/$1, MD5 + RC4, collider #1 | Documents
9720 | MS Office <= 2003 $0/$1, MD5 + RC4, collider #2 | Documents
9800 | MS Office <= 2003 $3/$4, SHA1 + RC4 | Documents
9810 | MS Office <= 2003 $3, SHA1 + RC4, collider #1 | Documents
9820 | MS Office <= 2003 $3, SHA1 + RC4, collider #2 | Documents
9400 | MS Office 2007 | Documents
9500 | MS Office 2010 | Documents
9600 | MS Office 2013 | Documents
10400 | PDF 1.1 - 1.3 (Acrobat 2 - 4) | Documents
10410 | PDF 1.1 - 1.3 (Acrobat 2 - 4), collider #1 | Documents
10420 | PDF 1.1 - 1.3 (Acrobat 2 - 4), collider #2 | Documents
10500 | PDF 1.4 - 1.6 (Acrobat 5 - 8) | Documents
10600 | PDF 1.7 Level 3 (Acrobat 9) | Documents
10700 | PDF 1.7 Level 8 (Acrobat 10 - 11) | Documents
99999 | Plaintext | Plaintext
这里列一下常见的掩码字符集
l | abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 纯小写字母
u | ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ 纯大写字母
d | 0123456789 纯数字
h | 0123456789abcdef 常见小写子目录和数字
H | 0123456789ABCDEF 常见大写字母和数字
s | !"#$%&'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\]^_`{|}~ 特殊字符
a | ?l?u?d?s 键盘上所有可见的字符
b | 0x00 - 0xff 可能是用来匹配像空格这种密码的
下面举几个简单的例子来了解一下掩码的设置
八位数字密码:?d?d?d?d?d?d?d?d
八位未知密码:?a?a?a?a?a?a?a?a
前四位为大写字母,后面四位为数字:?u?u?u?u?d?d?d?d
前四位为数字或者是小写字母,后四位为大写字母或者数字:?h?h?h?h?H?H?H?H
前三个字符未知,中间为admin,后三位未知:?a?a?aadmin?a?a?a
6-8位数字密码:--increment --increment-min 6 --increment-max 8 ?l?l?l?l?l?l?l?l
6-8位数字+小写字母密码:--increment --increment-min 6 --increment-max 8 ?h?h?h?h?h?h?h?h
如果我们想设置字符集为:abcd123456!@-+,那该怎么做呢。这就需要用到自定义字符集这个参数了,hashcat支持用户最多定义4组字符集
--custom-charset1 [chars]等价于 -1
--custom-charset2 [chars]等价于 -2
--custom-charset3 [chars]等价于 -3
--custom-charset4 [chars]等价于 -4
在掩码中用?1、?2、?3、?4来表示。
再来举几个例子:
--custom-charset1 abcd123456!@-+。然后我们就可以用"?1"去表示这个字符集了
--custom-charset2 ?l?d,这里和?2就等价于?h
-1 ?d?l?u,?1就表示数字+小写字母+大写字母
-3 abcdef -4 123456 那么?3?3?3?3?4?4?4?4就表示为前四位可能是“abcdef”,后四位可能是“123456”
PS:我这里给一下我机子的配置,然后再对比一下破解的速度
CPU:Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-7300HQ CPU @ 2.50GHz
显卡:GTX 1050 Ti
hashcat64.exe -a 3 -m 0 --force 25c3e88f81b4853f2a8faacad4c871b6 ?d?d?d?d?d?d?d
hashcat64.exe -a 3 -m 0 --force 7a47c6db227df60a6d67245d7d8063f3 ?l?l?l?l?l?l?l
hashcat64.exe -a 3 -m 0 --force 4488cec2aea535179e085367d8a17d75 --increment --increment-min 1 --increment-max 8 ?d?d?d?d?d?d?d?d
hashcat64.exe -a 3 -m 0 --force ab65d749cba1656ca11dfa1cc2383102 --increment --increment-min 1 --increment-max 8 ?h?h?h?h?h?h?h?h
hashcat64.exe -a 3 -1 123456abcdf!@+- 8b78ba5089b11326290bc15cf0b9a07d ?1?1?1?1?1
注意一下:这里的-1和?1是数字1,不是字母l
hashcat64.exe -a 3 -1 123456abcdf!@+- 9054fa315ce16f7f0955b4af06d1aa1b --increment --increment-min 1 --increment-max 8 ?1?1?1?1?1?1?1?1
hashcat64.exe -a 3 -1 ?d?u?l?s d37fc9ee39dd45a7717e3e3e9415f65d --increment --increment-min 1 --increment-max 8 ?1?1?1?1?1?1?1?1
或者:
hashcat64.exe -a 3 d37fc9ee39dd45a7717e3e3e9415f65d --increment --increment-min 1 --increment-max 8 ?a?a?a?a?a?a?a?a
-a 0是指定字典破解模式,-o是输出结果到文件中
hashcat64.exe -a 0 ede900ac1424436b55dc3c9f20cb97a8 password.txt -o result.txt
hashcat64.exe -a 0 hash.txt password.txt -o result.txt
hashcat64.exe -a 1 25f9e794323b453885f5181f1b624d0b pwd1.txt pwd2.txt
hashcat64.exe -a 6 9dc9d5ed5031367d42543763423c24ee password.txt ?l?l?l?l?l
hashcat64.exe -a 3 -m 300 --force 6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 ?d?d?d?d?d?d
可以cat /etc/shadow获取
hashcat64.exe -a 3 -m 1800 --force $6$mxuA5cdy$XZRk0CvnPFqOgVopqiPEFAFK72SogKVwwwp7gWaUOb7b6tVwfCpcSUsCEk64ktLLYmzyew/xd0O0hPG/yrm2X. ?l?l?l?l
不用整理用户名,使用--username
hashcat64.exe -a 3 -m 1800 --force qiyou:$6$QDq75ki3$jsKm7qTDHz/xBob0kF1Lp170Cgg0i5Tslf3JW/sm9k9Q916mBTyilU3PoOsbRdxV8TAmzvdgNjrCuhfg3jKMY1 ?l?l?l?l?l --username
可以用saminside获取NT-hash,LM-hash的值
NT-hash:
hashcat64.exe -a 3 -m 1000 209C6174DA490CAEB422F3FA5A7AE634 ?l?l?l?l?l
LM-hash:
hashcat64.exe -a 3 -m 3000 F0D412BD764FFE81AAD3B435B51404EE ?l?l?l?l?l
hashcat64.exe -a 3 -m 132 --force 0x01008c8006c224f71f6bf0036f78d863c3c4ff53f8c3c48edafb ?l?l?l?l?l?d?d?d
具体加密脚本在./wp-includes/class-phpass.php
的HashPassword
函数
hashcat64.exe -a 3 -m 400 --force $P$BYEYcHEj3vDhV1lwGBv6rpxurKOEWY/ ?d?d?d?d?d?d
其密码加密方式md5(md5($pass).$salt)
hashcat64.exe -a 3 -m 2611 --force 14e1b600b1fd579f47433b88e8d85291: ?d?d?d?d?d?d
首先rar2john获取rar文件hash值下载地址
获取rar文件的hash值:rar2john.exe 1.rar
结果:
1.rar:$rar5$16$639e9ce8344c680da12e8bdd4346a6a3$15$a2b056a21a9836d8d48c2844d171b73d$8$04a52d2224ad082e
hashcat64.exe -a 3 -m 13000 --force $rar5$16$639e9ce8344c680da12e8bdd4346a6a3$15$a2b056a21a9836d8d48c2844d171b73d$8$04a52d2224ad082e ?d?d?d?d?d?d
hashcat 支持 RAR3-hp 和 RAR5,官方示例如下:
-m参数 类型 示例 hash
12500 RAR3-hp $RAR3$*0*45109af8ab5f297a*adbf6c5385d7a40373e8f77d7b89d317
13000 RAR5 $rar5$16$74575567518807622265582327032280$15$f8b4064de34ac02ecabfe
用zip2john获取文件的hash值:zip2john.exe 1.zip
结果:1.zip:$zip2$*0*3*0*554bb43ff71cb0cac76326f292119dfd*ff23*5*24b28885ee*d4fe362bb1e91319ab53*$/zip2$:::::1.zip-1.txt
hashcat64.exe -a 3 -m 13600 $zip2$*0*3*0*554bb43ff71cb0cac76326f292119dfd*ff23*5*24b28885ee*d4fe362bb1e91319ab53*$/zip2$ --force ?d?d?d?d?d?d
获取office的hash值:python office2john.py 11.docx
结果:11.docx:$office$*2013*100000*256*16*e4a3eb62e8d3576f861f9eded75e0525*9eeb35f0849a7800d48113440b4bbb9c*577f8d8b2e1c5f60fed76e62327b38d28f25230f6c7dfd66588d9ca8097aabb9
hashcat64.exe -a 3 -m 9600 $office$*2013*100000*256*16*e4a3eb62e8d3576f861f9eded75e0525*9eeb35f0849a7800d48113440b4bbb9c*577f8d8b2e1c5f60fed76e62327b38d28f25230f6c7dfd66588d9ca8097aabb9 --force ?d?d?d?d?d?d
首先先把我们的握手包转化为hccapx格式,现在最新版的hashcat只支持hccapx格式了,以前的hccap格式已经不支持了
官方在线转化https://hashcat.net/cap2hccapx/
hashcat64.exe -a 3 -m 2500 1.hccapx 1391040?d?d?d?d
hashcat64.exe hash --show
查看结果
1.首先走一遍常用的弱口令字典
2.组合密码,如:zhang1999,用姓氏和出生年组合,当然也可以用其它的组合,这里举个例子而已
3.把常用的掩码组合整理起来放在masks中的.hcmask文件中,然后让它自动加载破解
4.如果实在不行,你可以尝试低位数的所有组合去跑,不过不建议太高位数的组合去破解,因为如果对方设置的密码很复杂的话,到头来你密码没有破解到,却浪费了大量的时间和资源,得不偿失
6.HashCat参数优化
--gpu-accel 160 可以让GPU发挥最大性能。
2.Gpu loops 负载微调
--gpu-loops 1024 可以让GPU发挥最大性能。
3.Segment size 字典缓存大小
--segment-size 512 可以提高大字典破解的速度。
#Reference