数组可以用来保存很多数据,但在一些情况下,并不需要把数据保存下来。下面哪些题目可以不借助数组,哪些必须借助数组?请编程实现。假设输入只能读一遍。
1. 输入一些数,统计个数。
2. 输入一些数,求最大值、最小值和平均数。
3. 输入一些数,哪两个数最接近。
4. 输入一些数,求第二大的值。
5. 输入一些数,求它们的方差。
6. 输入一些数,统计不超过平均数的个数。
代码如下:
#include
#include
void count() // 1题
{
int n, ct = 0;
while(1 == scanf("%d", &n))
++ct;
printf("You've inputted %d numbers\n", ct);
}
void maxMinAverage() // 2题
{
int n, max, min, sum = 0, ct = 0, first = 1;
while(1 == scanf("%d", &n))
{
if(first) { max = min = n; first = 0; }
if(max < n) max = n;
if(n < min) min = n;
sum += n;
++ct;
}
printf("max:%d min:%d average:%.3f\n", max, min, sum*1.0/ct);
}
void nearest() // 3题
{
int nums[100], i = 0, j, k;
while(1 == scanf("%d", &nums[i]))
++i;
printf("%d\n", i);
int a = nums[0], b = nums[1], distance = abs(nums[0]-nums[1]);
for(j = 0; j < i - 1; ++j)
for(k = j + 1; k < i; ++k)
if(abs(nums[j]-nums[k]) < distance)
{
distance = abs(nums[j]-nums[k]);
a = nums[j];
b = nums[k];
}
printf("two nearest numbers: %d %d, distance: %d\n", a, b, distance);
}
void second() // 4题
{
int max, second, n;
scanf("%d%d", &max, &second);
int t1 = max > second ? max : second;
int t2 = max < second ? max : second;
max = t1; second = t2;
//printf("max:%d second:%d\n", max, second);
while(1 == scanf("%d", &n))
{
if(n > max) { second = max; max = n; continue; }
if(n > second && n != max) second = n;
}
printf("max:%d second:%d\n", max, second);
}
void variance() // 5题
{
int nums[100];
int ct = 0, n, i;
double ave = 0.0, sum = 0.0, psum = 0.0;
while(1 == scanf("%d", &n))
{
nums[ct++] = n;
sum += n;
}
ave = sum / ct;
for(i = 0; i < ct; ++i)
psum += (nums[i] - ave) * (nums[i] - ave);
printf("variance: %.3f\n", psum / ct);
}
void smallerThanAve() // 6题
{
int nums[100];
int ct = 0, sct = 0, n, i;
double ave = 0.0, sum = 0.0;
while(1 == scanf("%d", &n))
{
nums[ct++] = n;
sum += n;
}
ave = sum / ct;
for(i = 0; i < ct; ++i)
if(nums[i] < ave) ++sct;
printf("%d numbers smaller than average %f\n", sct, ave);
}
int main()
{
//count();
//maxMinAverage();
//nearest();
//second();
//variance();
//smallerThanAve();
return 0;
}
下面的程序意图在于统计字符串中字符1的个数,可惜有瑕疵:
#include
#define maxn 10000000 + 10
int main()
{
char s[maxn];
scanf("%s", s);
int tot = 0;
for(int i = 0; i < strlen(s); i++)
if(s[i] == 1) tot++;
printf("%d\n", tot);
}
该程序至少有3个问题,其中一个导致程序无法运行,另一个导致结果不正确,还有一个导致效率低下。你能找到它们并改正吗?
答案:
#include
int main()
{
int tot = 0;
char ch;
while((ch = getchar()) != EOF)
if(ch == '1') ++tot;
printf("%d\n", tot);
}