MongoDB 3.0创建用户
摘要：
MongoDB 3.0 安全权限访问控制，在添加用户上面3.0版本和之前的版本有很大的区别，这里就说明下3.0的添加用户的方法。
环境、测试：
在安装MongoDB之后，先关闭auth认证，进入查看数据库，只有一个local库，admin库是不存在的：
root@zhoujinyi:/usr/local/mongo4# mongo --port=27020 MongoDB shell version: 3.0.4 connecting to: 127.0.0.1:27020/test 2015-06-29T09:31:08.673-0400 I CONTROL [initandlisten] > show dbs; local 0.078GB
现在需要创建一个帐号，该账号需要有grant权限，即：账号管理的授权权限。注意一点，帐号是跟着库走的，所以在指定库里授权，必须也在指定库里验证(auth)。
> use admin switched to db admin > db.createUser( ... { ... user: "dba", ... pwd: "dba", ... roles: [ { role: "userAdminAnyDatabase", db: "admin" } ] ... } ... ) Successfully added user: { "user" : "dba", "roles" : [ { "role" : "userAdminAnyDatabase", "db" : "admin" } ] }
上面加粗的就是执行的命令：
user：用户名
pwd：密码
roles：指定用户的角色，可以用一个空数组给新用户设定空角色；在roles字段,可以指定内置角色和用户定义的角色。role里的角色可以选：
Built-In Roles（内置角色）： 1. 数据库用户角色：read、readWrite; 2. 数据库管理角色：dbAdmin、dbOwner、userAdmin； 3. 集群管理角色：clusterAdmin、clusterManager、clusterMonitor、hostManager； 4. 备份恢复角色：backup、restore； 5. 所有数据库角色：readAnyDatabase、readWriteAnyDatabase、userAdminAnyDatabase、dbAdminAnyDatabase 6. 超级用户角色：root // 这里还有几个角色间接或直接提供了系统超级用户的访问（dbOwner 、userAdmin、userAdminAnyDatabase） 7. 内部角色：__system
具体角色：
Read：允许用户读取指定数据库
readWrite：允许用户读写指定数据库
dbAdmin：允许用户在指定数据库中执行管理函数，如索引创建、删除，查看统计或访问system.profile
userAdmin：允许用户向system.users集合写入，可以找指定数据库里创建、删除和管理用户
clusterAdmin：只在admin数据库中可用，赋予用户所有分片和复制集相关函数的管理权限。
readAnyDatabase：只在admin数据库中可用，赋予用户所有数据库的读权限
readWriteAnyDatabase：只在admin数据库中可用，赋予用户所有数据库的读写权限
userAdminAnyDatabase：只在admin数据库中可用，赋予用户所有数据库的userAdmin权限
dbAdminAnyDatabase：只在admin数据库中可用，赋予用户所有数据库的dbAdmin权限。
root：只在admin数据库中可用。超级账号，超级权限
刚建立了 userAdminAnyDatabase 角色，用来管理用户，可以通过这个角色来创建、删除用户。验证：需要开启auth参数。
root@zhoujinyi:/usr/local/mongo4# mongo --port=27020 MongoDB shell version: 3.0.4 connecting to: 127.0.0.1:27020/test > show dbs; ####没有验证，导致没权限。 2015-06-29T10:02:16.634-0400 E QUERY Error: listDatabases failed:{ "ok" : 0, "errmsg" : "not authorized on admin to execute command { listDatabases: 1.0 }", "code" : 13 } at Error (<anonymous>) at Mongo.getDBs (src/mongo/shell/mongo.js:47:15) at shellHelper.show (src/mongo/shell/utils.js:630:33) at shellHelper (src/mongo/shell/utils.js:524:36) at (shellhelp2):1:1 at src/mongo/shell/mongo.js:47 > use admin #验证，因为在admin下面添加的帐号，所以要到admin下面验证。 switched to db admin > db.auth('dba','dba') 1 > show dbs; admin 0.078GB local 0.078GB > use test #在test库里创建帐号 switched to db test > db.createUser( ... { ... user: "zjyr", ... pwd: "zjyr", ... roles: [ ... { role: "read", db: "test" } #只读帐号 ... ] ... } ... ) Successfully added user: { "user" : "zjyr", "roles" : [ { "role" : "read", "db" : "test" } ] } > db.createUser( ... { ... user: "zjy", ... pwd: "zjy", ... roles: [ ... { role: "readWrite", db: "test" } #读写帐号 ... ] ... } ... ) Successfully added user: { "user" : "zjy", "roles" : [ { "role" : "readWrite", #读写账号 "db" : "test" } ] } > show users; #查看当前库下的用户 { "_id" : "test.zjyr", "user" : "zjyr", "db" : "test", "roles" : [ { "role" : "read", "db" : "test" } ] } { "_id" : "test.zjy", "user" : "zjy", "db" : "test", "roles" : [ { "role" : "readWrite", "db" : "test" } ] }
上面创建了2个帐号，现在验证下：验证前提需要一个集合
> db.abc.insert({"a":1,"b":2}) #插入失败，没有权限，userAdminAnyDatabase 权限只是针对用户管理的，对其他是没有权限的。 WriteResult({ "writeError" : { "code" : 13, "errmsg" : "not authorized on test to execute command { insert: \"abc\", documents: [ { _id: ObjectId('55915185d629831d887ce2cb'), a: 1.0, b: 2.0 } ], ordered: true }" } }) > bye root@zhoujinyi:/usr/local/mongo4# mongo --port=27020 MongoDB shell version: 3.0.4 connecting to: 127.0.0.1:27020/test > use test switched to db test > db.auth('zjy','zjy') #用创建的readWrite帐号进行写入 1 > db.abc.insert({"a":1,"b":2}) WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 }) > db.abc.insert({"a":11,"b":22}) WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 }) > db.abc.insert({"a":111,"b":222}) WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 }) > db.abc.find() { "_id" : ObjectId("559151a1b78649ebd8316853"), "a" : 1, "b" : 2 } { "_id" : ObjectId("559151cab78649ebd8316854"), "a" : 11, "b" : 22 } { "_id" : ObjectId("559151ceb78649ebd8316855"), "a" : 111, "b" : 222 } > db.auth('zjyr','zjyr') #切换到只有read权限的帐号 1 > db.abc.insert({"a":1111,"b":2222}) #不能写入 WriteResult({ "writeError" : { "code" : 13, "errmsg" : "not authorized on test to execute command { insert: \"abc\", documents: [ { _id: ObjectId('559151ebb78649ebd8316856'), a: 1111.0, b: 2222.0 } ], ordered: true }" } }) > db.abc.find() #可以查看 { "_id" : ObjectId("559151a1b78649ebd8316853"), "a" : 1, "b" : 2 } { "_id" : ObjectId("559151cab78649ebd8316854"), "a" : 11, "b" : 22 } { "_id" : ObjectId("559151ceb78649ebd8316855"), "a" : 111, "b" : 222 }
有没有一个超级权限？不仅可以授权，而且也可以对集合进行任意操作？答案是肯定的，只是不建议使用。那就是role角色设置成root。
> db.auth('dba','dba') 1 > db.createUser( ... { ... user: "zhoujinyi", ... pwd: "zhoujinyi", ... roles: [ ... { role: "root", db: "admin" } #超级root帐号 ... ] ... } ... ) Successfully added user: { "user" : "zhoujinyi", "roles" : [ { "role" : "root", "db" : "admin" } ] } > > show users; #查看当前库下的用户 { "_id" : "admin.dba", "user" : "dba", "db" : "admin", "roles" : [ { "role" : "userAdminAnyDatabase", "db" : "admin" } ] } { "_id" : "admin.zhoujinyi", "user" : "zhoujinyi", "db" : "admin", "roles" : [ { "role" : "root", "db" : "admin" } ] } > use admin switched to db admin > db.auth('zhoujinyi','zhoujinyi') 1 > use test switched to db test > db.abc.insert({"a":1,"b":2}) WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 }) > db.abc.insert({"a":1111,"b":2222}) #权限都有 WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 }) > db.abc.find() { "_id" : ObjectId("5591539bb78649ebd8316857"), "a" : 1, "b" : 2 } { "_id" : ObjectId("559153a0b78649ebd8316858"), "a" : 1111, "b" : 2222 } > db.abc.remove({}) WriteResult({ "nRemoved" : 2 })
因为帐号都是在当前需要授权的数据库下授权的，那要是不在当前数据库下会怎么样？
> db admin > db.createUser( ... { ... user: "dxy", ... pwd: "dxy", ... roles: [ ... { role: "readWrite", db: "test" }, #在当前库下创建其他库的帐号，在admin库下创建test、abc库的帐号 ... { role: "readWrite", db: "abc" } ... ] ... } ... ) Successfully added user: { "user" : "dxy", "roles" : [ { "role" : "readWrite", "db" : "test" }, { "role" : "readWrite", "db" : "abc" } ] } > > show users; { "_id" : "admin.dba", "user" : "dba", "db" : "admin", "roles" : [ { "role" : "userAdminAnyDatabase", "db" : "admin" } ] } { "_id" : "admin.zhoujinyi", "user" : "zhoujinyi", "db" : "admin", "roles" : [ { "role" : "root", "db" : "admin" } ] } { "_id" : "admin.dxy", "user" : "dxy", "db" : "admin", "roles" : [ { "role" : "readWrite", "db" : "test" }, { "role" : "readWrite", "db" : "abc" } ] } > use test switched to db test > db.auth('dxy','dxy') #在admin下创建的帐号，不能直接在其他库验证， Error: 18 Authentication failed. 0 > use admin switched to db admin #只能在帐号创建库下认证，再去其他库进行操作。 > db.auth('dxy','dxy') 1 > use test switched to db test > db.abc.insert({"a":1111,"b":2222}) WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 }) > use abc switched to db abc > db.abc.insert({"a":1111,"b":2222}) WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
上面更加进一步说明数据库帐号是跟着数据库来走的，哪里创建哪里认证。
创建了这么多帐号，怎么查看所有帐号？
> use admin switched to db admin > db.auth('dba','dba') 1 > db.system.users.find().pretty() { "_id" : "admin.dba", "user" : "dba", "db" : "admin", "credentials" : { "SCRAM-SHA-1" : { "iterationCount" : 10000, "salt" : "KfDUzCOIUo7WVjFr64ZOcQ==", "storedKey" : "t4sPsKG2dXnZztVYj5EgdUzT9sc=", "serverKey" : "2vCGiq9NIc1zKqeEL6VvO4rP26A=" } }, "roles" : [ { "role" : "userAdminAnyDatabase", "db" : "admin" } ] } { "_id" : "test.zjyr", "user" : "zjyr", "db" : "test", "credentials" : { "SCRAM-SHA-1" : { "iterationCount" : 10000, "salt" : "h1gOW3J7wzJuTqgmmQgJKQ==", "storedKey" : "7lkoANdxM2py0qiDBzFaZYPp1cM=", "serverKey" : "Qyu6IRNyaKLUvqJ2CAa/tQYY36c=" } }, "roles" : [ { "role" : "read", "db" : "test" } ] } { "_id" : "test.zjy", "user" : "zjy", "db" : "test", "credentials" : { "SCRAM-SHA-1" : { "iterationCount" : 10000, "salt" : "afwaKuTYPWwbDBduQ4Hm7g==", "storedKey" : "ebb2LYLn4hiOVlZqgrAKBdStfn8=", "serverKey" : "LG2qWwuuV+FNMmr9lWs+Rb3DIhQ=" } }, "roles" : [ { "role" : "readWrite", "db" : "test" } ] } { "_id" : "admin.zhoujinyi", "user" : "zhoujinyi", "db" : "admin", "credentials" : { "SCRAM-SHA-1" : { "iterationCount" : 10000, "salt" : "pE2cSOYtBOYevk8tqrwbSQ==", "storedKey" : "TwMxdnlB5Eiaqg4tNh9ByNuUp9A=", "serverKey" : "Mofr9ohVlFfR6/md4LMRkOhXouc=" } }, "roles" : [ { "role" : "root", "db" : "admin" } ] } { "_id" : "admin.dxy", "user" : "dxy", "db" : "admin", "credentials" : { "SCRAM-SHA-1" : { "iterationCount" : 10000, "salt" : "XD6smcWX4tdg/ZJPoLxxRg==", "storedKey" : "F4uiayykHDp/r9krAKZjdr+gqjM=", "serverKey" : "Kf51IU9J3RIrB8CFn5Z5hEKMSkw=" } }, "roles" : [ { "role" : "readWrite", "db" : "test" }, { "role" : "readWrite", "db" : "abc" } ] } > db.system.users.find().count() 5
备份还原使用那个角色的帐号？之前创建的帐号zjy:test库读写权限；zjyr:test库读权限
root@zhoujinyi:~# mongodump --port=27020 -uzjyr -pzjyr --db=test -o backup #只要读权限就可以备份 2015-06-29T11:20:04.864-0400 writing test.abc to backup/test/abc.bson 2015-06-29T11:20:04.865-0400 writing test.abc metadata to backup/test/abc.metadata.json 2015-06-29T11:20:04.866-0400 done dumping test.abc 2015-06-29T11:20:04.867-0400 writing test.system.indexes to backup/test/system.indexes.bson root@zhoujinyi:~# mongorestore --port=27020 -uzjy -pzjy --db=test backup/test/ #读写权限可以进行还原 2015-06-29T11:20:26.607-0400 building a list of collections to restore from backup/test/ dir 2015-06-29T11:20:26.609-0400 reading metadata file from backup/test/abc.metadata.json 2015-06-29T11:20:26.609-0400 restoring test.abc from file backup/test/abc.bson 2015-06-29T11:20:26.611-0400 error: E11000 duplicate key error index: test.abc.$_id_ dup key: { : ObjectId('559154efb78649ebd831685a') } 2015-06-29T11:20:26.611-0400 restoring indexes for collection test.abc from metadata 2015-06-29T11:20:26.612-0400 finished restoring test.abc 2015-06-29T11:20:26.612-0400 done