前阵子用libjpeg-turbo实现jpeg图像在内存中编码与解码
参见《libjpeg:实现jpeg内存解压缩塈转换色彩空间/压缩分辨率》,《libjpeg:实现jpeg内存压缩暨error_exit错误异常处理和个性化参数设置》
觉得libjpeg接口用起来挺麻烦的。。。但libjpeg 80以上的版本好歹提供了jpeg_mem_dest/jpeg_mem_src
API让我可以直接将实现内存编/解码。
当我开始着手做jpeg2000(j2k)图像的内存压缩的时候,看了openjpeg的接口,人家压根儿没有提供类似libjpeg中jpeg_mem_dest/jpeg_mem_src
这样的内存数据IO接口(感觉还是libjpeg厚道些,呵呵),而是提供了抽象stream接口,openjpeg代码中只实现了文件流(file stream)接口(参见opj_stream_create_default_file_stream
代码)
如果使用者想实现内存图像压缩,你得自己实现这stream接口。。。。这对使用者来说好处是非常灵活(可以实现内存流接口,也可以实现网络流接口。。。你想怎么干都成),麻烦的就是要写好多代码。
先参考一下openjpeg中file stream的实现:
以下是openjpeg中opj_stream_create_default_file_stream
的实现代码
opj_stream_t* OPJ_CALLCONV opj_stream_create_default_file_stream (const char *fname, OPJ_BOOL p_is_read_stream)
{
return opj_stream_create_file_stream(fname, OPJ_J2K_STREAM_CHUNK_SIZE, p_is_read_stream);
}
opj_stream_t* OPJ_CALLCONV opj_stream_create_file_stream (
const char *fname,
OPJ_SIZE_T p_size,
OPJ_BOOL p_is_read_stream)
{
opj_stream_t* l_stream = 00;
FILE *p_file;
const char *mode;
if (! fname) {
return NULL;
}
if(p_is_read_stream) mode = "rb"; else mode = "wb";
p_file = fopen(fname, mode);
if (! p_file) {
return NULL;
}
l_stream = opj_stream_create(p_size,p_is_read_stream);
if (! l_stream) {
fclose(p_file);
return NULL;
}
opj_stream_set_user_data(l_stream, p_file, (opj_stream_free_user_data_fn) fclose);
opj_stream_set_user_data_length(l_stream, opj_get_data_length_from_file(p_file));
opj_stream_set_read_function(l_stream, (opj_stream_read_fn) opj_read_from_file);
opj_stream_set_write_function(l_stream, (opj_stream_write_fn) opj_write_from_file);
opj_stream_set_skip_function(l_stream, (opj_stream_skip_fn) opj_skip_from_file);
opj_stream_set_seek_function(l_stream, (opj_stream_seek_fn) opj_seek_from_file);
return l_stream;
}
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
//下面的代码中实现了对文件流的close,read,write,seek,skip操作,
//其实这里的close,read,write,seek,skip的实现与c标准库中的文件操作函数fclose,fread,fwrite,fseek的接口描述是基本一样的
static OPJ_SIZE_T opj_read_from_file (void * p_buffer, OPJ_SIZE_T p_nb_bytes, FILE * p_file)
{
OPJ_SIZE_T l_nb_read = fread(p_buffer,1,p_nb_bytes,p_file);
return l_nb_read ? l_nb_read : (OPJ_SIZE_T)-1;
}
static OPJ_SIZE_T opj_write_from_file (void * p_buffer, OPJ_SIZE_T p_nb_bytes, FILE * p_file)
{
return fwrite(p_buffer,1,p_nb_bytes,p_file);
}
static OPJ_OFF_T opj_skip_from_file (OPJ_OFF_T p_nb_bytes, FILE * p_user_data)
{
if (OPJ_FSEEK(p_user_data,p_nb_bytes,SEEK_CUR)) {
return -1;
}
return p_nb_bytes;
}
static OPJ_BOOL opj_seek_from_file (OPJ_OFF_T p_nb_bytes, FILE * p_user_data)
{
if (OPJ_FSEEK(p_user_data,p_nb_bytes,SEEK_SET)) {
return OPJ_FALSE;
}
return OPJ_TRUE;
}
参考上面opj_stream_create_default_file_stream
的实现代码,可以知道,自定义一个类似file stream的流对象只要实现close,read,write,seek,skip
这几个函数并保证输入输出的状态与对应的opj_xxx_from_file
函数一样,就可以让openjpeg将图像压缩或解压缩到你的stream对象中。
于是,要实现jpeg2000的内存编/解码首先要做的工作就是实现自定义的内存流(memory stream)对象。
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include "openjpeg-2.1/openjpeg.h"
using namespace std;
#define DEFAULT_MEM_STREAM_INIT_SIZE (1024*16)
/* 流(stream)接口 */
struct opj_stream_interface{
// 从stream中读取指定长度的数据,对应opj_read_from_file
virtual OPJ_SIZE_T read (void * p_buffer, OPJ_SIZE_T p_nb_bytes)const=0;
// 向stream中写入指定长度的数据,对应opj_write_from_file
virtual OPJ_SIZE_T write (void * p_buffer, OPJ_SIZE_T p_nb_bytes)=0;
// 以stream起始位置为参照设置stream的游标(position indicator)到指定的位置,对应opj_seek_from_file
virtual OPJ_BOOL seek (OPJ_OFF_T p_nb_bytes)const=0;
// 以stream当前位置为参照设置stream的游标(position indicator)到指定的位置,对应opj_skip_from_file
virtual OPJ_OFF_T skip (OPJ_OFF_T p_nb_bytes)const=0;
// 返回流的长度
virtual OPJ_UINT64 stream_length()const=0;
// 返回流内存数据地址
virtual uint8_t* stream_data()const=0;
// 关闭流,对应fclose()
virtual void close()=0;
// 为TRUE时stream对象为read only ,否则为只写write only。
virtual OPJ_BOOL is_read_stream()const=0;
virtual ~opj_stream_interface()=default;
};
/** abstract memory stream(内存流虚类) 只实现opj_stream_interface中的seek,skip,close,stream_length */
class opj_stream_mem_abstract:public opj_stream_interface{
protected:
/** pointer to the start of the stream */
// 内存流数据起始位置
mutable uint8_t *start;
/** pointer to the end of the stream */
// 内存流数据结尾位置
mutable uint8_t *last;
/** pointer to the current position */
// 内存流数据当前游标位置
mutable uint8_t *cursor;
public:
virtual OPJ_SIZE_T write (void * p_buffer, OPJ_SIZE_T p_nb_bytes)=0;
virtual uint8_t* stream_data()const=0;
virtual OPJ_BOOL is_read_stream()const=0;
virtual OPJ_SIZE_T read (void * p_buffer, OPJ_SIZE_T p_nb_bytes)const=0;
virtual OPJ_BOOL seek (OPJ_OFF_T p_nb_bytes)const{
if(p_nb_bytes>=0){
cursor=start+p_nb_bytes;
return OPJ_TRUE;
}
return OPJ_FALSE;
}
virtual OPJ_OFF_T skip (OPJ_OFF_T p_nb_bytes)const{
// 这个函数设计是有问题的,当p_nb_bytes为-1时返回会产生歧义,
// 但openjpeg中opj_skip_from_file就是这么写的
// opj_stream_skip_fn定义的返回也是bool
// 所以也只能按其接口要求这么定义
auto nc=cursor+p_nb_bytes;
if(nc>=start){
cursor=nc;
return p_nb_bytes;
}
return (OPJ_OFF_T)-1;
}
virtual OPJ_UINT64 stream_length()const{
return (OPJ_UINT64)(last-start);
}
virtual void close(){}
virtual ~opj_stream_mem_abstract()=default;
};
/** memory output stream(内存输出流) 从std::vector继承,实现opj_stream_interface中的read,write,stream_data,is_read_stream */
class opj_stream_mem_output:public opj_stream_mem_abstract,private vector {
/** pointer to the end of the vector */
uint8_t *end;
using base=vector ;
public:
opj_stream_mem_output():opj_stream_mem_output(DEFAULT_MEM_STREAM_INIT_SIZE){}
opj_stream_mem_output(size_t init_capacity):base(init_capacity){
start=stream_data();
end=stream_data()+size();
cursor=stream_data();
last=stream_data();
}
virtual OPJ_SIZE_T read (void * p_buffer, OPJ_SIZE_T p_nb_bytes)const{
// output stream不能读取
return 0;
}
virtual OPJ_SIZE_T write (void * p_buffer, OPJ_SIZE_T p_nb_bytes){
auto left=(OPJ_SIZE_T)(end-cursor);
if(p_nb_bytes>left){
// 容量不足时先扩充(至少扩充1倍)
auto off_cur=cursor-start;
auto off_last=last-start;
try{
base::resize(base::size()+max(p_nb_bytes-left,(OPJ_SIZE_T)base::size()));
}catch(...){
// 处理resize失败抛出的异常
#ifndef NDEBUG
cerr<<"exception on call vector::resize"<#endif
return 0;
}
start=stream_data();
end=start+base::size();
last=start+off_last;
cursor=start+off_cur;
}
memcpy(cursor,p_buffer,p_nb_bytes);
auto old_cursor=cursor;
cursor+=p_nb_bytes;
if(cursor>last){
if(old_cursor>last){
memset(last,0,old_cursor-last);
}
last=cursor;
}
return p_nb_bytes;
}
virtual uint8_t* stream_data()const{
return const_cast(base::data());
}
virtual OPJ_BOOL is_read_stream()const{return 0;}
};
/** memory input stream(内存输入流) 实现opj_stream_interface中的read,write,stream_data,is_read_stream */
class opj_stream_mem_input:public opj_stream_mem_abstract{
const uint8_t* _data;
const size_t size;
public:
opj_stream_mem_input(const void * data,size_t size):_data(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(data)),size(size){
if(nullptr==data)
throw opj_stream_exception("input data is null");
start=const_cast(_data);
cursor=start;
last=start+size;
}
virtual OPJ_SIZE_T read (void * p_buffer, OPJ_SIZE_T p_nb_bytes)const{
if(last>cursor){
auto len=min((OPJ_SIZE_T)(last-cursor),p_nb_bytes);
if(len){
memcpy(p_buffer,cursor,len);
cursor+=len;
return len;
}
}
return (OPJ_SIZE_T)-1;
}
virtual OPJ_SIZE_T write (void * p_buffer, OPJ_SIZE_T p_nb_bytes){
// input stream不能写入
return 0;
}
virtual uint8_t* stream_data()const{
return const_cast(_data);
}
virtual OPJ_BOOL is_read_stream()const{return 1;}
};
上面的代码中最终实现了opj_stream_mem_input
和opj_stream_mem_output
两个流对象(分别用于图像解码和编码),这两个流对象的外部表现与openjpeg所要求的stream接口完全一致,但它们是c++的对象,不能直接用于c接口,所以还需要做一层封装。
于是,参照上面openjpeg的opj_stream_create_default_file_stream
和opj_stream_create_file_stream
函数,我们实现了memory stream对应的opj_stream_create_default_si
和opj_stream_create_si
// 对应opj_stream_create_file_stream
opj_stream_t* opj_stream_create_si(opj_stream_interface& stream, OPJ_SIZE_T p_size) {
opj_stream_t* l_stream = opj_stream_create(p_size, stream.is_read_stream());
if (l_stream) {
opj_stream_set_user_data(l_stream, std::addressof(stream), (opj_stream_free_user_data_fn) (opj_stream_interface_close));
opj_stream_set_user_data_length(l_stream, stream.stream_length());
opj_stream_set_read_function(l_stream, (opj_stream_read_fn) (opj_stream_interface_read));
opj_stream_set_write_function(l_stream, (opj_stream_write_fn) (opj_stream_interface_write));
opj_stream_set_skip_function(l_stream, (opj_stream_skip_fn) (opj_stream_interface_skip));
opj_stream_set_seek_function(l_stream, (opj_stream_seek_fn) (opj_stream_interface_seek));
return l_stream;
}
throw opj_exception("fail to ceate stream:opj_stream_create");
}
// 对应 opj_stream_create_default_file_stream
opj_stream_t* opj_stream_create_default_si(opj_stream_interface& stream) {
return opj_stream_create_si(stream, OPJ_J2K_STREAM_CHUNK_SIZE);
}
// 对应 fclose
void opj_stream_interface_close(opj_stream_interface* stream_instance) {
stream_instance->close();
}
// 对应opj_read_seek_file
OPJ_BOOL opj_stream_interface_seek(OPJ_OFF_T p_nb_bytes, opj_stream_interface* stream_instance) {
return stream_instance->seek(p_nb_bytes);
}
// 对应opj_read_skip_file
OPJ_OFF_T opj_stream_interface_skip(OPJ_OFF_T p_nb_bytes, opj_stream_interface* stream_instance) {
return stream_instance->skip(p_nb_bytes);
}
// 对应opj_read_write_file
OPJ_SIZE_T opj_stream_interface_write(void* p_buffer, OPJ_SIZE_T p_nb_bytes, opj_stream_interface* stream_instance) {
return stream_instance->write(p_buffer, p_nb_bytes);
}
// 对应opj_read_read_file
OPJ_SIZE_T opj_stream_interface_read(void* p_buffer, OPJ_SIZE_T p_nb_bytes, opj_stream_interface* stream_instance) {
return stream_instance->read(p_buffer, p_nb_bytes);
}
所有的准备工作完成,下面要上主菜了–> jpeg2000图像的内存压缩