还没装spark看这:spark搭建
Spark SQL前身是Shark,由于Shark对于Hive的太多依赖制约了Spark的发展,Spark SQL由此产生。
Spark SQL只要在编译的时候引入Hive支持,就可以支持Hive表访问,UDF,SerDe,以及HiveQL/HQL
启动spark-sql
guo@drguo:/opt/spark-1.6.1-bin-hadoop2.6/bin$ spark-sql
16/05/15 21:20:55 WARN NativeCodeLoader: Unable to load native-hadoop library for your platform... using builtin-java classes where applicable
因为什么都没配置,它会使用自带的derby存储,在哪启动的就存在哪,产生一个metastore_db文件夹和一个derby.log文件,如下:
spark-sql可以像hive一样把写好的sql直接source执行
spark-sql> source /home/guo/1.sql
但速度比hive快的多:Spark SQL与Hive On MapReduce速度比较
1.sql
drop table if exists cainiao;
create external table cainiao(dater bigint, item_id bigint, store_code bigint, qty_alipay_njhs bigint)
row format delimited fields terminated by ','
location '/cainiao';
create table predict as select item_id, store_code, sum(qty_alipay_njhs) as target
from cainiao where dater>=20141228 and dater<=20150110 group by item_id, store_code;
drop table if exists cainiaoq;
create external table cainiaoq(dater bigint, item_id bigint, qty_alipay_njhs bigint)
row format delimited fields terminated by ','
location '/cainiaoq';
create table predictq as select item_id, "all" as store_code, sum(qty_alipay_njhs) as target
from cainiaoq where dater>=20141228 and dater<=20150110 group by item_id;
表名后的false意思是该表不是临时表spark-sql> show tables;
cainiao false
cainiaoq false
predict false
predictq false
hive里的大多数语法spark sql都可以用,比如上面的创建外部表,但将表导出不能用spark-sql> insert overwrite local directory '/home/guo/cainiaodiqu'
> row format delimited
> fields terminated by ','
> select * from predict;
Error in query:
Unsupported language features in query: insert overwrite local directory '/home/guo/cainiaodiqu'
row format delimited
fields terminated by ','
select * from predict
我靠,那我怎么把表里的数据导到文件系统上!翻了半天官方文档,终于想出两个办法,在下面说。
官方文档:https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/sql-programming-guide.html
第一个办法(2016.5.26刚想到的)
因为hive如果什么都没配,也会用自带的derby存储,也是在哪启动的就存在哪,所以只要在相同目录下启动,在spark-sql里创建的表,hive里当然也有了,当然就可以用上面spark-sql不支持的语句导出了!真是机智如我!!!2016.10.26补充:看一下cdh或者hdp自动部署的配置文件就会发现,spark sql和hive往往会配置使用同一个元数据库。
guo@drguo:/opt/spark-1.6.1-bin-hadoop2.6/bin$ hive
hive> show tables;
OK
cainiao
cainiaoq
ijcai
ijcaitest
ijpredict
predict
predictq
Time taken: 2.136 seconds, Fetched: 7 row(s)
第二个办法
启动spark-shell(scala)
guo@drguo:/opt/spark-1.6.1-bin-hadoop2.6/bin$ spark-shell
16/05/15 20:30:07 WARN NativeCodeLoader: Unable to load native-hadoop library for your platform... using builtin-java classes where applicable
Welcome to
____ __
/ __/__ ___ _____/ /__
_\ \/ _ \/ _ `/ __/ '_/
/___/ .__/\_,_/_/ /_/\_\ version 1.6.1
/_/
Using Scala version 2.10.5 (Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM, Java 1.8.0_73)
Type in expressions to have them evaluated.
Type :help for more information.
Spark context available as sc.
SQL context available as sqlContext.
因为我spark-shell和spark-sql是在同一个目录下启动的,刚才创建的表当然还有啦(配置了元数据库之后,一般用mysql,就不用在同一个目录下启动了)
scala> sqlContext.sql("show tables").show
+---------+-----------+
|tableName|isTemporary|
+---------+-----------+
| cainiao| false|
| cainiaoq| false|
| predict| false|
| predictq| false|
+---------+-----------+
scala> sqlContext.sql("select * from predict limit 10").show
+-------+----------+------+
|item_id|store_code|target|
+-------+----------+------+
| 33| 2| 1|
| 33| 3| 0|
| 33| 4| 4|
| 33| 5| 1|
| 132| 1| 0|
| 132| 2| 1|
| 132| 3| 1|
| 330| 5| 1|
| 549| 1| 3|
| 549| 2| 2|
+-------+----------+------+
下面说一下怎么将表导出存在hdfs上(/user/guo/下),好像只能存为这三种格式,我试了下txt和csv都不行,如果还能存别的格式请告诉我。
scala> sqlContext.sql("select * from predict ").write.format("json").save("predictj")
scala> sqlContext.sql("select * from predict ").write.format("parquet").save("predictp")
scala> sqlContext.sql("select * from predict ").write.format("orc").save("predicto")
我也是刚用,哪写的不对请告诉我,谢谢。