Python3.x安装numpy和matplotlib的问题

Python安装numpy和matplotlib

1.安装环境：Python3.6

问题出处：《Python自然语言处理》中，第一章：

You might like to try more words (e.g., liberty, constitution) and different texts. Can you predict the dispersion of a word before you view it? As before, take care to get the quotes, commas, brackets, and parentheses exactly right.

>>> text4.dispersion_plot(["citizens", "democracy", "freedom", "duties", "America"]) 

这里书中是这样提示的：
Important: You need to have Python’s NumPy and Matplotlib packages installed in order to produce the graphical plots used in this book. Please see http://www.nltk.org/ for installation instructions.
但是呢，这本书其实是使用的Python2.x，所以按照书上提示，你如果直接使用cmd进入Scripts，然后输入 pip install numpy matplotlib，这样是不行的，至少numpy不行！

会报错：

具体信息：

 >>>import matplotlib
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "#5>", line 1, in 
import matplotlib
File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\__init__.py", line 180, in 
from matplotlib.cbook import is_string_like
File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\cbook.py", line 33, in 
import numpy as np
File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\numpy\__init__.py", line 170, in 
from . import add_newdocs
File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\numpy\add_newdocs.py", line 13, in 
from numpy.lib import add_newdoc
File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\numpy\lib\__init__.py", line 8, in 
from .type_check import *
File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\numpy\lib\type_check.py", line 11, in 
import numpy.core.numeric as _nx
File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\numpy\core\__init__.py", line 6, in 
from . import multiarray
ImportError: cannot import name 'multiarray'
>>> import numpy
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "#6>", line 1, in 
import numpy
File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\numpy\__init__.py", line 170, in 
from . import add_newdocs
File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\numpy\add_newdocs.py", line 13, in 
from numpy.lib import add_newdoc
File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\numpy\lib\__init__.py", line 8, in 
from .type_check import *
File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\numpy\lib\type_check.py", line 11, in 
import numpy.core.numeric as _nx
File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\numpy\core\__init__.py", line 6, in 
from . import multiarray
ImportError: cannot import name 'multiarray'

正确方法 ：

matplotlib直接用pip install 就行了
这个numpy需要到http://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/#numpy 中去下载合适版本的numpy，我下载的是numpy-1.13.1+mkl-cp36-cp36m-win32.whl
其中cp36表示 Python3.6 win32表示32位

（这个网址可以下载很多东西，只需要改变地址后面#的值就行了，只不过非常慢，这是国外的教育网）
下载好之后cmd到这个下载文件的位置，执行

pip install numpy-1.13.1+mkl-cp36-cp36m-win32.whl

前提是你的系统环境变量有 $Python_Home\Scripts
都安装好之后，再执行

>>> from nltk.book import *
>>> text4.dispersion_plot(["citizens", "democracy", "freedom", "duties", "America"])

注：遇到此问题的人一定都是在学习《Python自然语言处理》，这本书中文翻译有许多地方不太严谨（个人观点），希望有能力的人阅读原版！