Python基础笔记系列十二：requests模块的简单应用

　　本系列教程供个人学习笔记使用，如果您要浏览可能需要其它编程语言基础（如C语言），why?因为我写得烂啊，只有我自己看得懂！！

• httpbin
  

  httpbin这个网站能测试 HTTP 请求和响应的各种信息，
  比如 cookie、ip、headers 和登录验证等，且支持 GET、POST 等多种方法，
  对 web 开发和测试很有帮助。它用 Python + Flask 编写，是一个开源项目。
  官方网站：http://httpbin.org/
  开源地址：https://github.com/Runscope/httpbin

• get请求
  一、简单get请求数据

  1 import requests
  2 get_url = 'http://www.httpbin.org/get'
  3 r = requests.get(get_url)  #发送get请求
  4 print r
  5 print help(r)
  6 print r.text  #接收的内容in bytes
  7 print r.content #接收的内容in unicode

  二、使用python抓去百度主页

  1 import requests
  2 r = requests.get('http://www.baidu.com')
  3 print r.content
  4 #打开一个文件，并存入网页信息
  5 with open('baidu.html','w') as fil:
  6     fil.write(r.content)

  三、get传参

  1 #可以先通过help函数来查看下get方法的文档说明
  2 import requests
  3 # print help(requests.get)
  4 get_url = 'http://www.httpbin.org/get'
  5 myparams={'qq':'34782655'}
  6 # r = requests.get(url=get_url,params=myparams)
  7 r = requests.get(get_url,myparams)
  8 print r.url #请求的url，拼接url和参数
  9 print r.content #返回的数据

• post请求
  一、发送请求体
  例子：
  

  1 import requests
  2 #先来查看下post方法的文档使用说明
  3 # print help(requests.post)
  4 #通过data来传参,相当于传的表单，在返回的数据中可以看出
  5 post_url = 'http://www.httpbin.org/post'
  6 myData={'qq':'34782655','cnblog':'hyyq'}
  7 r = requests.post(url = post_url,data = myData)
  8 print r.url #请求的url,请求体就是参数
  9 print r.content #返回的数据

  输出：

   1 http://www.httpbin.org/post
   2 {
   3   "args": {}, 
   4   "data": "", 
   5   "files": {}, 
   6   "form": {
   7     "cnblog": "hyyq", 
   8     "qq": "34782655"
   9   }, 
  10   "headers": {
  11     "Accept": "*/*", 
  12     "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate", 
  13     "Connection": "close", 
  14     "Content-Length": "23", 
  15     "Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded", 
  16     "Host": "www.httpbin.org", 
  17     "User-Agent": "python-requests/2.18.4"
  18   }, 
  19   "json": null, 
  20   "origin": "183.230.42.10", 
  21   "url": "http://www.httpbin.org/post"
  22 }
  23 
  24 [Finished in 1.3s]

  二、发送json数据
  例子：

  1 import requests,json
  2 post_url = 'http://www.httpbin.org/post'
  3 myData={'qq':'34782655','cnblog':'hyyq'}
  4 r = requests.post(url = post_url,json = myData)
  5 # r = requests.post(url = post_url,data = json.dumps(myData))
  6 print r.url #请求的url，发送json数据
  7 print r.content #返回的数据

  输出：

   1 http://www.httpbin.org/post
   2 {
   3   "args": {}, 
   4   "data": "{\"qq\": \"34782655\", \"cnblog\": \"hyyq\"}", 
   5   "files": {}, 
   6   "form": {}, 
   7   "headers": {
   8     "Accept": "*/*", 
   9     "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate", 
  10     "Connection": "close", 
  11     "Content-Length": "36", 
  12     "Content-Type": "application/json", 
  13     "Host": "www.httpbin.org", 
  14     "User-Agent": "python-requests/2.18.4"
  15   }, 
  16   "json": {
  17     "cnblog": "hyyq", 
  18     "qq": "34782655"
  19   }, 
  20   "origin": "183.230.42.10", 
  21   "url": "http://www.httpbin.org/post"
  22 }
  23 
  24 [Finished in 1.0s]

• 上传文件
  例子：

  1 #上传文件
  2 import requests
  3 # print help(requests)
  4 post_url = 'http://www.httpbin.org/post'
  5 files = {'file':open('yyc.txt','rb')} #这里rb是以读的方式用二进制格式打开
  6 r = requests.post(post_url,files=files)
  7 print r.content

  输出：

   1 {
   2   "args": {}, 
   3   "data": "", 
   4   "files": {
   5     "file": "data:application/octet-stream;base64,xOO6ww=="
   6   }, 
   7   "form": {}, 
   8   "headers": {
   9     "Accept": "*/*", 
  10     "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate", 
  11     "Connection": "close", 
  12     "Content-Length": "147", 
  13     "Content-Type": "multipart/form-data; boundary=8bffc774646942deaa8a314f8675d879", 
  14     "Host": "www.httpbin.org", 
  15     "User-Agent": "python-requests/2.18.4"
  16   }, 
  17   "json": null, 
  18   "origin": "183.230.42.10", 
  19   "url": "http://www.httpbin.org/post"
  20 }
  21 
  22 [Finished in 1.0s]