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公平锁:是指多个线程按照申请锁的顺序来获取锁,类似排队打饭,先来后到。
非公平锁:是指多个线程获取锁的顺序并不是按照申请锁的顺序,有可能后申请的线程比先申请的线程优先获取锁。在高并发的情况下,有可能会造成优先级反转或者饥饿现象
并发包中ReentrantLock的创建可以指定构造函数boolean类型来得到公平锁或非公平锁,默认是非公平锁
/**
* Creates an instance of {@code ReentrantLock}.
* This is equivalent to using {@code ReentrantLock(false)}.
*/
public ReentrantLock() {
sync = new NonfairSync();
}
/**
* Creates an instance of {@code ReentrantLock} with the
* given fairness policy.
*
* @param fair {@code true} if this lock should use a fair ordering policy
*/
public ReentrantLock(boolean fair) {
sync = fair ? new FairSync() : new NonfairSync();
}
两者区别
公平锁:就是很公平,在并发环境中,每个线程在获取锁时会先查看此锁维护的等待队列,如果为空,或者当前线程是等待队列的第一个,就占优锁,否则就会加入到等待队列中,以后会按照FIFO的规则从队列中取到自己
非公平锁:非公平锁不比较粗鲁,上来就直接尝试占有锁,如果尝试失败,就再采用类似公平锁那种方式
指的是同一线程外层函数获得锁之后,内层递归函数仍然能获取该锁的代码,在同一个线程在外层方法获取锁的时候,在进入内层方法会自动获取锁
也就是说,线程可以进入任何一个它已经拥有的锁所同步着的代码块
class Phone implements Runnable{
public synchronized void sendSMS() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t invoked sendSMS()");
sendEmail();
}
public synchronized void sendEmail() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t ########invoked sendEmail()");
}
Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
@Override
public void run() {
get();
}
public void get() {
lock.lock();
lock.lock();
try {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t invoked get()");
set();
}catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
lock.unlock();
lock.unlock();
}
}
public void set() {
lock.lock();
try {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t invoked set()");
}catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
}
Phone phone = new Phone();
new Thread(() -> {
try {
phone.sendSMS();
}catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
},"t1").start();
new Thread(() -> {
try {
phone.sendSMS();
}catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
},"t2").start();
sychoronized可重入锁结果:
t1 invoked sendSMS() t1线程在外层方法获取锁的时候
t1 ########invoked sendEmail() t1在进入内层方法会自动获取锁
t2 invoked sendSMS()
t2 ########invoked sendEmail()
Process finished with exit code 0
Thread t3 = new Thread(phone,"t3");
Thread t4 = new Thread(phone,"t4");
t3.start();
t4.start();
ReentrantLock可重入锁结果:
t3 invoked get()
t3 invoked set()
t4 invoked get()
t4 invoked set()
Process finished with exit code 0
指尝试获取锁的线程不会立即阻塞,而是采用循环的方式去尝试获取锁,这样的好处是减少线程上下文的消耗,缺点是循环会消耗CPU
实现一个自旋锁
自旋锁好处:循环比较获取直到成功为止,没有类似wait的阻塞
通过CAS操作完成自旋锁,A线程先进来调用myLock方法自己持有锁5秒,B随后进来后发现
当前有线程持有锁,不是null,所以只能通过自旋等待,直到A释放锁后B随后抢到
public class SpinLockDemo {
//原子引用线程
AtomicReference atomicReference = new AtomicReference<>();
public void myLock() {
Thread thread = Thread.currentThread();
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t come in");
while(!atomicReference.compareAndSet(null,thread)) {
}
}
public void myUnLock() {
Thread thread = Thread.currentThread();
atomicReference.compareAndSet(thread,null);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t invoked myUnLock()");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpinLockDemo spinLockDemo = new SpinLockDemo();
new Thread(() -> {
spinLockDemo.myLock();
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(5);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
spinLockDemo.myUnLock();
},"AA").start();
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
new Thread(() -> {
spinLockDemo.myLock();
spinLockDemo.myUnLock();
},"BB").start();
}
}
结果
AA come in
BB come in
AA invoked myUnLock()
BB invoked myUnLock()
Process finished with exit code 0