Fail-fast

具体来说就是,当创建了iterator后,如果对list进行了结构性的修改,并且不是通过iterator的方法进行的修改(add、remove)那么就会抛出@ConcurrentModificationException异常

LinkedList中,定义了私有类ListItr实现ListIterator接口,在该类中定义了一个名叫expectedModCount的int变量,且=modCount

该值的作用就是控制在使用Iterator进行集合操作时,保证并发访问的安全型,如果在调用iterator的方法操作集合时,发现expectedModcount  != modCount,则会抛出@ConcurrentModificationException异常

 private class ListItr implements ListIterator {
        private Node lastReturned;
        private Node next;
        private int nextIndex;
        private int expectedModCount = modCount;
    ......
}    

比如说ListItr中的remove方法

public void remove() {
            checkForComodification();
            if (lastReturned == null)
                throw new IllegalStateException();

            Node lastNext = lastReturned.next;
            //unlink方法会使modCount+1
            unlink(lastReturned);
            if (next == lastReturned)
                next = lastNext;
            else
                nextIndex--;
            lastReturned = null;
            //期望的修改次数+1
            expectedModCount++;
        }


//检查两者是否相等
final void checkForComodification() {
            if (modCount != expectedModCount)
                throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
        }

但如果在使用iterator进行操作时,直接调用了非iterator的修改方法,那么modCount和expectModCount就不相等,抛出异常

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