与Django框架相比,Tornado没有自带ORM,对于数据库需要自己去适配。我们使用MySQL数据库。
在Tornado3.0版本以前提供tornado.database模块用来操作MySQL数据库,而从3.0版本开始,此模块就被独立出来,作为torndb包单独提供。torndb只是对MySQLdb的简单封装,不支持Python 3。
pip install torndb
我们需要在应用启动时创建一个数据库连接实例,供各个RequestHandler使用。我们可以在构造Application的时候创建一个数据库实例并作为其属性,而RequestHandler可以通过self.application获取其属性,进而操作数据库实例。
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Author : G_SANGSK
import torndb
class Application(tornado.web.Application):
def __init__(self):
handlers = [
(r"/", IndexHandler),
]
settings = dict(
template_path=os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "templates"),
static_path=os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "statics"),
debug=True,
)
super(Application, self).__init__(handlers, **settings)
# 创建一个全局mysql连接实例供handler使用
self.db = torndb.Connection(
host="127.0.0.1",
database="itcast",
user="root",
password="mysql"
)
新建数据库与表:
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Author : G_SANGSK
create database `itcast` default character set utf8;
use itcast;
create table houses (
id bigint(20) unsigned not null auto_increment comment '房屋编号',
title varchar(64) not null default '' comment '标题',
position varchar(32) not null default '' comment '位置',
price int not null default 0,
score int not null default 5,
comments int not null default 0,
primary key(id)
)ENGINE=InnoDB default charset=utf8 comment='房屋信息表';
query为要执行的sql语句,parameters与kwparameters为要绑定的参数,如:
db.execute("insert into houses(title, position, price, score, comments) values(%s, %s, %s, %s, %s)", "独立装修小别墅", "紧邻文津街", 280, 5, 128)
或
db.execute("insert into houses(title, position, price, score, comments) values(%(title)s, %(position)s, %(price)s, %(score)s, %(comments)s)", title="独立装修小别墅", position="紧邻文津街", price=280, score=5, comments=128)
执行语句主要用来执行非查询语句。
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Author : G_SANGSK
class InsertHandler(RequestHandler):
def post(self):
title = self.get_argument("title")
position = self.get_argument("position")
price = self.get_argument("price")
score = self.get_argument("score")
comments = self.get_argument("comments")
try:
ret = self.application.db.execute("insert into houses(title, position, price, score, comments) values(%s, %s, %s, %s, %s)", title, position, price, score, comments)
except Exception as e:
self.write("DB error:%s" % e)
else:
self.write("OK %d" % ret)
以上一章节模板中的案例来演示,先修改一下index.html模板,将
{{title_join(house["titles"])}}
改为
{{house["title"]}}
添加两个新的handler:
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Author : G_SANGSK
class GetHandler(RequestHandler):
def get(self):
"""访问方式为http://127.0.0.1/get?id=111"""
hid = self.get_argument("id")
try:
ret = self.application.db.get("select title,position,price,score,comments from houses where id=%s", hid)
except Exception as e:
self.write("DB error:%s" % e)
else:
print type(ret)
print ret
print ret.title
print ret['title']
self.render("index.html", houses=[ret])
class QueryHandler(RequestHandler):
def get(self):
"""访问方式为http://127.0.0.1/query"""
try:
ret = self.application.db.query("select title,position,price,score,comments from houses limit 10")
except Exception as e:
self.write("DB error:%s" % e)
else:
self.render("index.html", houses=ret)