SpringBoot - 整合Redis缓存详解

SpringBoot对Redis进行了封装，使用起来十分方便。这里使用的SpringBoot版本为1.5.9.RELEASE。

【1】安装redis并进行配置

Redis 是一个开源（BSD许可）的，内存中的数据结构存储系统，它可以用作数据库、缓存和消息中间件。 它支持多种类型的数据结构，如 字符串（strings）， 散列（hashes）， 列表（lists）， 集合（sets）， 有序集合（sorted sets） 与范围查询， bitmaps， hyperloglogs 和 地理空间（geospatial） 索引半径查询。 Redis 内置了 复制（replication），LUA脚本（Lua scripting）， LRU驱动事件（LRU eviction），事务（transactions） 和不同级别的 磁盘持久化（persistence）， 并通过 Redis哨兵（Sentinel）和自动 分区（Cluster）提供高可用性（highavailability）。

Redis中文官网：http://www.redis.cn/。

Centos7下安装Redis：https://blog.csdn.net/j080624/article/details/78281840。

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【2】SpringBoot中引入Redis并配置

① 在pom文件中引入redis的starter

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redisartifactId>
dependency>

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② 在application.properties中配置redis

spring.redis.host=192.168.2.110
spring.redis.port=6379
spring.redis.pool.max-active=50
//根据情况自定义配置

引入Redis的starter，容器中默认保存的是RedisCacheManager。RedisCacheManager帮帮我们创建RedisCache，RedisCache通过操作Redis缓存数据。默认保存数据k/v 都是Object，使用默认的JDK序列化器。

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【3】RedisTemplate和StringRedisTemplate

RedisTemplate是SpringBoot为我们提供的redis操作Helper，K:V均为Object；StringRedisTemplate继承自RedisTemplate，是专为String:String提供服务。

在RedisAutoConfiguration 中SpringBoot自动注册了RedisTemplate和StringRedisTemplate。源码示例如下：

@Configuration
@ConditionalOnClass({ JedisConnection.class, RedisOperations.class, Jedis.class })
@EnableConfigurationProperties(RedisProperties.class)
public class RedisAutoConfiguration {

    /**
     * Redis connection configuration.
     */
    @Configuration
    @ConditionalOnClass(GenericObjectPool.class)
    protected static class RedisConnectionConfiguration {

        private final RedisProperties properties;

        private final RedisSentinelConfiguration sentinelConfiguration;

        private final RedisClusterConfiguration clusterConfiguration;

        public RedisConnectionConfiguration(RedisProperties properties,
                ObjectProvider sentinelConfiguration,
                ObjectProvider clusterConfiguration) {
            this.properties = properties;
            this.sentinelConfiguration = sentinelConfiguration.getIfAvailable();
            this.clusterConfiguration = clusterConfiguration.getIfAvailable();
        }
//注册 JedisConnectionFactory 
        @Bean
        @ConditionalOnMissingBean(RedisConnectionFactory.class)
        public JedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory()
                throws UnknownHostException {
            return applyProperties(createJedisConnectionFactory());
        }

        protected final JedisConnectionFactory applyProperties(
                JedisConnectionFactory factory) {
            configureConnection(factory);
            if (this.properties.isSsl()) {
                factory.setUseSsl(true);
            }
            factory.setDatabase(this.properties.getDatabase());
            if (this.properties.getTimeout() > 0) {
                factory.setTimeout(this.properties.getTimeout());
            }
            return factory;
        }

        private void configureConnection(JedisConnectionFactory factory) {
            if (StringUtils.hasText(this.properties.getUrl())) {
                configureConnectionFromUrl(factory);
            }
            else {
                factory.setHostName(this.properties.getHost());
                factory.setPort(this.properties.getPort());
                if (this.properties.getPassword() != null) {
                    factory.setPassword(this.properties.getPassword());
                }
            }
        }

        private void configureConnectionFromUrl(JedisConnectionFactory factory) {
            String url = this.properties.getUrl();
            if (url.startsWith("rediss://")) {
                factory.setUseSsl(true);
            }
            try {
                URI uri = new URI(url);
                factory.setHostName(uri.getHost());
                factory.setPort(uri.getPort());
                if (uri.getUserInfo() != null) {
                    String password = uri.getUserInfo();
                    int index = password.indexOf(":");
                    if (index >= 0) {
                        password = password.substring(index + 1);
                    }
                    factory.setPassword(password);
                }
            }
            catch (URISyntaxException ex) {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Malformed 'spring.redis.url' " + url,
                        ex);
            }
        }

        protected final RedisSentinelConfiguration getSentinelConfig() {
            if (this.sentinelConfiguration != null) {
                return this.sentinelConfiguration;
            }
            Sentinel sentinelProperties = this.properties.getSentinel();
            if (sentinelProperties != null) {
                RedisSentinelConfiguration config = new RedisSentinelConfiguration();
                config.master(sentinelProperties.getMaster());
                config.setSentinels(createSentinels(sentinelProperties));
                return config;
            }
            return null;
        }

        /**
         * Create a {@link RedisClusterConfiguration} if necessary.
         * @return {@literal null} if no cluster settings are set.
         */
        protected final RedisClusterConfiguration getClusterConfiguration() {
            if (this.clusterConfiguration != null) {
                return this.clusterConfiguration;
            }
            if (this.properties.getCluster() == null) {
                return null;
            }
            Cluster clusterProperties = this.properties.getCluster();
            RedisClusterConfiguration config = new RedisClusterConfiguration(
                    clusterProperties.getNodes());

            if (clusterProperties.getMaxRedirects() != null) {
                config.setMaxRedirects(clusterProperties.getMaxRedirects());
            }
            return config;
        }

        private List createSentinels(Sentinel sentinel) {
            List nodes = new ArrayList();
            for (String node : StringUtils
                    .commaDelimitedListToStringArray(sentinel.getNodes())) {
                try {
                    String[] parts = StringUtils.split(node, ":");
                    Assert.state(parts.length == 2, "Must be defined as 'host:port'");
                    nodes.add(new RedisNode(parts[0], Integer.valueOf(parts[1])));
                }
                catch (RuntimeException ex) {
                    throw new IllegalStateException(
                            "Invalid redis sentinel " + "property '" + node + "'", ex);
                }
            }
            return nodes;
        }

        private JedisConnectionFactory createJedisConnectionFactory() {
            JedisPoolConfig poolConfig = this.properties.getPool() != null
                    ? jedisPoolConfig() : new JedisPoolConfig();

            if (getSentinelConfig() != null) {
                return new JedisConnectionFactory(getSentinelConfig(), poolConfig);
            }
            if (getClusterConfiguration() != null) {
                return new JedisConnectionFactory(getClusterConfiguration(), poolConfig);
            }
            return new JedisConnectionFactory(poolConfig);
        }

        private JedisPoolConfig jedisPoolConfig() {
            JedisPoolConfig config = new JedisPoolConfig();
            RedisProperties.Pool props = this.properties.getPool();
            config.setMaxTotal(props.getMaxActive());
            config.setMaxIdle(props.getMaxIdle());
            config.setMinIdle(props.getMinIdle());
            config.setMaxWaitMillis(props.getMaxWait());
            return config;
        }

    }

    /**
     * Standard Redis configuration.
     */
    @Configuration
    protected static class RedisConfiguration {
//如果容器中没有id为注册redisTemplate的RedisTemplate，
//就会往容器中注册 RedisTemplate，id为redisTemplate；
//可以根据这个规则自定义RedisTemplate，默认使用JDK序列化器
        @Bean
        @ConditionalOnMissingBean(name = "redisTemplate")
        public RedisTemplate redisTemplate(
                RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory)
                throws UnknownHostException {
            RedisTemplate template = new RedisTemplate();
            template.setConnectionFactory(redisConnectionFactory);
            return template;
        }
// 注册 StringRedisTemplate 
        @Bean
        @ConditionalOnMissingBean(StringRedisTemplate.class)
        public StringRedisTemplate stringRedisTemplate(
                RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory)
                throws UnknownHostException {
            StringRedisTemplate template = new StringRedisTemplate();
            template.setConnectionFactory(redisConnectionFactory);
            return template;
        }

    }

}

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【4】对五大类数据进行操作

Redis中常见的五大类数据类型：String，List，Set，Hash和ZSet。

RedisTemplate封装了方法对五大类数据进行操作，示例如下：

//针对String
RedisTemplate.opsForValue();

//针对List
RedisTemplate.opsForList();

//针对Set
RedisTemplate.opsForSet();

//针对Hash
RedisTemplate.opsForHash();

//针对ZSet
RedisTemplate.opsForZSet();

其他还有，如下图：

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每一个方法都会返回一个Operations对象，该对象封装了该类型的一系列操作。
以opsForValue为例：

public ValueOperations opsForValue() {
        if (valueOps == null) {
            valueOps = new DefaultValueOperations(this);
        }
        return valueOps;
    }

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ValueOperations源码如下：

public interface ValueOperations {

    /**
     * Set {@code value} for {@code key}.
     *
     * @param key must not be {@literal null}.
     * @param value
     * @see Redis Documentation: SET
     */
    void set(K key, V value);

    /**
     * Set the {@code value} and expiration {@code timeout} for {@code key}.
     *
     * @param key must not be {@literal null}.
     * @param value
     * @param timeout
     * @param unit must not be {@literal null}.
     * @see Redis Documentation: SETEX
     */
    void set(K key, V value, long timeout, TimeUnit unit);

    /**
     * Set {@code key} to hold the string {@code value} if {@code key} is absent.
     *
     * @param key must not be {@literal null}.
     * @param value
     * @see Redis Documentation: SETNX
     */
    Boolean setIfAbsent(K key, V value);

    /**
     * Set multiple keys to multiple values using key-value pairs provided in {@code tuple}.
     *
     * @param map must not be {@literal null}.
     * @see Redis Documentation: MSET
     */
    void multiSet(Mapextends K, ? extends V> map);

    /**
     * Set multiple keys to multiple values using key-value pairs provided in {@code tuple} only if the provided key does
     * not exist.
     *
     * @param map must not be {@literal null}.
     * @see Redis Documentation: MSET
     */
    Boolean multiSetIfAbsent(Mapextends K, ? extends V> map);

    /**
     * Get the value of {@code key}.
     *
     * @param key must not be {@literal null}.
     * @see Redis Documentation: GET
     */
    V get(Object key);

    /**
     * Set {@code value} of {@code key} and return its old value.
     *
     * @param key must not be {@literal null}.
     * @see Redis Documentation: GETSET
     */
    V getAndSet(K key, V value);

    /**
     * Get multiple {@code keys}. Values are returned in the order of the requested keys.
     *
     * @param keys must not be {@literal null}.
     * @see Redis Documentation: MGET
     */
    List multiGet(Collection keys);

    /**
     * Increment an integer value stored as string value under {@code key} by {@code delta}.
     *
     * @param key must not be {@literal null}.
     * @param delta
     * @see Redis Documentation: INCR
     */
    Long increment(K key, long delta);

    /**
     * Increment a floating point number value stored as string value under {@code key} by {@code delta}.
     *
     * @param key must not be {@literal null}.
     * @param delta
     * @see Redis Documentation: INCRBYFLOAT
     */
    Double increment(K key, double delta);

    /**
     * Append a {@code value} to {@code key}.
     *
     * @param key must not be {@literal null}.
     * @param value
     * @see Redis Documentation: APPEND
     */
    Integer append(K key, String value);

    /**
     * Get a substring of value of {@code key} between {@code begin} and {@code end}.
     *
     * @param key must not be {@literal null}.
     * @param start
     * @param end
     * @see Redis Documentation: GETRANGE
     */
    String get(K key, long start, long end);

    /**
     * Overwrite parts of {@code key} starting at the specified {@code offset} with given {@code value}.
     *
     * @param key must not be {@literal null}.
     * @param value
     * @param offset
     * @see Redis Documentation: SETRANGE
     */
    void set(K key, V value, long offset);

    /**
     * Get the length of the value stored at {@code key}.
     *
     * @param key must not be {@literal null}.
     * @see Redis Documentation: STRLEN
     */
    Long size(K key);

    /**
     * Sets the bit at {@code offset} in value stored at {@code key}.
     *
     * @param key must not be {@literal null}.
     * @param offset
     * @param value
     * @since 1.5
     * @see Redis Documentation: SETBIT
     */
    Boolean setBit(K key, long offset, boolean value);

    /**
     * Get the bit value at {@code offset} of value at {@code key}.
     *
     * @param key must not be {@literal null}.
     * @param offset
     * @since 1.5
     * @see Redis Documentation: GETBIT
     */
    Boolean getBit(K key, long offset);

    RedisOperations getOperations();

}

其他数据类型类似。

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【5】Redis命令接口

如下图所示，Redis提供了许多命令供我们使用，同样在SpringBoot中也封装了对应类型的命令接口。

SpringBoot中RedisCommands 源码示例如下：

/**
 * Interface for the commands supported by Redis.
 * 
 * @author Costin Leau
 * @author Christoph Strobl
 */
public interface RedisCommands extends RedisKeyCommands, RedisStringCommands, RedisListCommands, RedisSetCommands,
        RedisZSetCommands, RedisHashCommands, RedisTxCommands, RedisPubSubCommands, RedisConnectionCommands,
        RedisServerCommands, RedisScriptingCommands, RedisGeoCommands, HyperLogLogCommands {

    /**
     * 'Native' or 'raw' execution of the given command along-side the given arguments. The command is executed as is,
     * with as little 'interpretation' as possible - it is up to the caller to take care of any processing of arguments or
     * the result.
     * 
     * @param command Command to execute
     * @param args Possible command arguments (may be null)
     * @return execution result.
     */
    Object execute(String command, byte[]... args);
}

基本上，在Linux Redis中能够使用的命令，在接口中都能找到！如RedisTemplate.hasKey()判断Redis是否存在该key。

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【6】测试示例

测试源码如下：

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class SpringBootCacheApplicationTests {

    @Autowired
    EmployeeMapper employeeMapper;

    @Autowired
    StringRedisTemplate stringRedisTemplate;

    @Autowired
    RedisTemplate redisTemplate;

    @Test
    public void test01() {
        Boolean aBoolean = stringRedisTemplate.hasKey("msg");
        if (aBoolean){
            String msg = stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().get("msg");
            System.out.println(msg);
        }
    }
    @Test
    public void test02() {
        Employee empById = employeeMapper.getEmpById(1);
        redisTemplate.opsForValue().set("emp01",empById);
        Object emp01 = redisTemplate.opsForValue().get("emp01");
        System.out.println(emp01);
    }

}

其中test01主要对String进行测试，test02则向redis中保存了一个对象！

使用Redis桌面管理工具查看如下：

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注意，Redis中对象的保存是需要进行序列化的，默认使用JdkSerializationRedisSerializer序列化器，所以图片中看到的是序列化后的二进制。

正常使用是没有问题的，查询出来的时候会自动反序列化，如下所示：

Employee{id=1, lastName='张三', gender=1, email='[email protected]', dId=1}

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如果习惯于使用String，那么可以将其JSON化，两种方式：使用第三方JSON或者向容器中添加自定义RedisTemplate，改变其默认序列化器。

添加自定义RedisTemplate源码如下：

@Configuration
public class MyRedisConfig {

    @Bean
    public RedisTemplate empRedisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory connectionFactory){
        RedisTemplate template = new RedisTemplate();
        template.setConnectionFactory(connectionFactory);
        Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer serializer = new Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer(Employee.class);
        template.setDefaultSerializer(serializer);
        return template;
    }
}

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测试如下：

@Autowired
    RedisTemplate redisTemplate;

    @Autowired
    RedisTemplate empRedisTemplate;

    @Test
    public void test02() {
        Employee empById = employeeMapper.getEmpById(1);
        empRedisTemplate.opsForValue().set("emp01",empById);
        Object emp01 = empRedisTemplate.opsForValue().get("emp01");
        System.out.println(emp01);
    }

此时桌面管理工具显示如下：

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有趣的测试

redisTemplate.opsForValue().set("emp01","123456");
Object emp01 = redisTemplate.opsForValue().get("emp01");
System.out.println(emp01);

empRedisTemplate.opsForValue().set("emp01",empById);
Object emp02 = empRedisTemplate.opsForValue().get("emp01");
System.out.println(emp02);

输出结果如下：

123456
Employee{id=1, lastName='张三', gender=1, email='[email protected]', dId=1}

使用不同模板向Redis中存储在我们看来一样的key,不同的value时，Redis存储机制不同，且使用对应的Template从Redis获取同一个key得到对应值！

进入Linux环境查看Redis中的key :

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分别使用三种模板存储key”emp01”,如下：

stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().set("emp01","hello world");
redisTemplate.opsForValue().set("emp01","123456");
empRedisTemplate.opsForValue().set("emp01",empById);

其在Redis中key的对应存储形式如下：

1) "emp01"
2) "\xac\xed\x00\x05t\x00\x05emp01"
3) "\"emp01\""