leetcode 402. Remove K Digits 贪心算法 + DFS深度优先遍历 + stack

Given a non-negative integer num represented as a string, remove k digits from the number so that the new number is the smallest possible.

Note:
The length of num is less than 10002 and will be ≥ k.
The given num does not contain any leading zero.
Example 1:

Input: num = “1432219”, k = 3
Output: “1219”
Explanation: Remove the three digits 4, 3, and 2 to form the new number 1219 which is the smallest.
Example 2:

Input: num = “10200”, k = 1
Output: “200”
Explanation: Remove the leading 1 and the number is 200. Note that the output must not contain leading zeroes.
Example 3:

Input: num = “10”, k = 2
Output: “0”
Explanation: Remove all the digits from the number and it is left with nothing which is 0.

题意很简单,就是去掉k个bit,然后求剩下的值的所有可能中的最小值,第一个想到的方法就是和上一道题的DFS深度优先遍历的做法,但是会超时,我隐隐约约感觉到可能使用stack等来解决,但是不会做,于是网上找了个做法,

这道题和leetcode 321. Create Maximum Number 根据两个整数创造一个有k位的最大的数 + 贪心算法
如思路有点类似,果n是num的长度,我们要去除k个,那么需要剩下n-k个,我们开始遍历给定数字num的每一位,对于当前遍历到的数字c,进行如下while循环,如果res不为空,且k大于0,且res的最后一位大于c,那么我们应该将res的最后一位移去,且k自减1。当跳出while循环后,我们将c加入res中,最后我们将res的大小重设为n-k。根据题目中的描述,可能会出现”0200”这样不符合要求的情况,所以我们用一个while循环来去掉前面的所有0,然后返回时判断是否为空,为空则返回“0”

建议和leetcode 738. Monotone Increasing Digits 最大单调递增数字 一起学习

代码如下:

#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 

using namespace std;


class Solution 
{
public:
    string removeKdigits(string num, int k)
    {
        if (k >= num.size())
            return "0";
        string res = "";
        int count = k;
        for (char c : num)
        {
            while (count > 0 && res.size() > 0 && res.back() > c)
            {
                res.pop_back();
                count--;
            }
            res.push_back(c);
        }

        res = res.substr(0,num.length()-k);
        while (res.empty()== false && res[0] == '0') 
            res.erase(res.begin());
        return res.length()<=0 ? "0" : res;
    }


    //和上一道题一样,就是一个DFS做法,但是会超时
    vector<int> all;
    string removeKdigitsByDFS(string num, int k) 
    {
        if (k >= num.length())
            return "0";
        vector<int> bit(num.length(), 0);
        vector<int> flag(num.length(), 0);
        for (int i = 0; i < bit.size(); i++)
            bit[i] = (int)(num[i] - '0');

        getAll(0,k, flag, bit);

        int minRes = numeric_limits<int>::max();
        for (int one : all)
            minRes = min(minRes, one);
        return to_string(minRes);
    }

    void getAll(int begin,int k,vector<int>& flag,vector<int>& bit)
    {
        if (k == 0)
        {
            int a = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i < bit.size(); i++)
            {
                if (flag[i] == 0)
                    a = a * 10 + bit[i];
            }
            all.push_back(a);
        }
        else if (begin >= flag.size())
            return;
        else
        {
            getAll(begin + 1, k, flag, bit);

            flag[begin] = 1;
            getAll(begin + 1, k - 1, flag, bit);
            flag[begin] = 0;
        }
    }
};

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