poj1331(strtol进制转换)
Multiply
| Time Limit: 1000MS | Memory Limit: 10000K | |
| Total Submissions: 6018 | Accepted: 3123 |
Description
6*9 = 42" is not true for base 10, but is true for base 13. That is, 6(13) * 9(13) = 42(13) because 42(13) = 4 * 131 + 2 * 130 = 54(10).
You are to write a program which inputs three integers p, q, and r and determines the base B (2<=B<=16) for which p * q = r. If there are many candidates for B, output the smallest one. For example, let p = 11, q = 11, and r = 121. Then we have 11(3) * 11(3) = 121(3) because 11(3) = 1 * 31 + 1 * 30 = 4(10) and 121(3) = 1 * 32 + 2 * 31 + 1 * 30 = 16(10). For another base such as 10, we also have 11(10) * 11(10) = 121(10). In this case, your program should output 3 which is the smallest base. If there is no candidate for B, output 0.
You are to write a program which inputs three integers p, q, and r and determines the base B (2<=B<=16) for which p * q = r. If there are many candidates for B, output the smallest one. For example, let p = 11, q = 11, and r = 121. Then we have 11(3) * 11(3) = 121(3) because 11(3) = 1 * 31 + 1 * 30 = 4(10) and 121(3) = 1 * 32 + 2 * 31 + 1 * 30 = 16(10). For another base such as 10, we also have 11(10) * 11(10) = 121(10). In this case, your program should output 3 which is the smallest base. If there is no candidate for B, output 0.
Input
The input consists of T test cases. The number of test cases (T ) is given in the first line of the input file. Each test case consists of three integers p, q, and r in a line. All digits of p, q, and r are numeric digits and 1<=p,q, r<=1,000,000.
Output
Print exactly one line for each test case. The line should contain one integer which is the smallest base for which p * q = r. If there is no such base, your program should output 0.
Sample Input
3 6 9 42 11 11 121 2 2 2
Sample Output
13 3 0
Source
Taejon 2002
给出三个数，判断a*b==c在几进制下成立，2<=n<=16，先判断该从几进制开始判断，再用strtol转化成该进制判断。
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include strtol函数会将参数nptr字符串根据参数base来转换成长整型数，参数base范围从2至36。
long int strtol(const char *nptr,char **endptr,int base);
参数base范围从2至36，或0。参数base代表采用的进制方式，如base值为10则采用10进制，若base值为16则采用16进制等。当base值为0时则是采用10进制做转换，但遇到如’0x’前置字符则会使用16进制做转换、遇到’0’前置字符而不是’0x’的时候会使用8进制做转换。
一开始strtol()会扫描参数nptr字符串，跳过前面的空格字符，直到遇上数字或正负符号才开始做转换，再遇到非数字或字符串结束时('\0')结束转换，并将结果返回。若参数endptr不为NULL，则会将遇到不合条件而终止的nptr中的字符指针由endptr返回；若参数endptr为NULL，则会不返回非法字符串。
1.不仅可以识别十进制整数，还可以识别其它进制的整数，取决于base参数，比如strtol("0XDEADbeE~~", NULL, 16)返回0xdeadbee的值，strtol("0777~~", NULL, 8)返回0777的值。
2.endptr是一个传出参数，函数返回时指向后面未被识别的第一个字符。例如char *pos; strtol("123abc", &pos, 10);，strtol返回123，pos指向字符串中的字母a。如果字符串开头没有可识别的整数，例如char *pos; strtol("ABCabc", &pos, 10);，则strtol返回0，pos指向字符串开头，可以据此判断这种出错的情况，而这是atoi处理不了的。
3.如果字符串中的整数值超出long int的表示范围（上溢或下溢），则strtol返回它所能表示的最大（或最小）整数，并设置errno为ERANGE，例如strtol("0XDEADbeef~~", NULL, 16)返回0x7fffffff并设置errno为ERANGE
strtol()函数检测到第一个非法字符时，立即停止检测，其后的所有字符都会被当作非法字符处理。合法字符串会被转换为long int, 作为函数的返回值。非法字符串，即从第一个非法字符的地址，被赋给*endptr。**endptr是个双重指针，即指针的指针。strtol()函数就是通过它改变*endptr的值，即把第一个非法字符的地址传给endptr。