django学习记录-django-1.5中简单地自定义自己的用户模型

官方文档

django-1.5之前，要拓展django中现有的用户模型，有两种方式

1. 如果只是想对user模型的行为，如：排序，定制管理器等，可以创建一个proxy model

2. 如果是希望为user添加一些额外的数据，比如：为user添加一个birthday的字段呀，普遍的做法是创建一个称为profile model的模型，与django中现有的用户模型

建立一个一对一关系。

但是在1.5之后，就不推荐上述两种做法了，因为在1.5开始，我们可以直接使用自己的定义的user模型。

首先，要在setting.py里面添加

AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'myapp.MyUser'，注意的是，这里是app的名字和我们定义的user类，中间没有models这个东西

当我们需要使用自定义的user类的时候，最好是这样的形式：

class Article(models.Model):
    author = models.ForeignKey(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL)

因为如果你直接是:

class Article(models.Model):
    author = models.ForeignKey(MyUser)

一旦你改变了自定义user类，比如MyUser2，则上面那个外键的定义就无效了

自定义user模型，最简单的方式就是继承AbstractBaseUser这个类了，继承这个类之后，必须提供下面的属性：

USERNAME_FIELD：唯一标识的字段。一般是username，也可以是其他的

class MyUser(AbstractBaseUser):
    identifier = models.CharField(max_length=40, unique=True, db_index=True)
    ...
    USERNAME_FIELD = 'identifier'

REQUIRED_FIELDS：使用createsuperuser来创建超级用户的时候所需要提供的字段，必须是任意blank=false的字段，不能是外键

class MyUser(AbstractBaseUser):
    ...
    date_of_birth = models.DateField()
    height = models.FloatField()
    ...
    REQUIRED_FIELDS = ['date_of_birth', 'height'] 

is_active：激活状态，默认是True

get_full_name()
get_short_name()

上面两个方法字面上就是要返回user的全面和简短名，其实随便你。AbstractBaseUser还有其他一些方法，官方文档中都有

定义完自己的user模型后，就需要为这个模型创建一个管理器。如果你自定义的user模型中同样包含有

username, email, is_staff, is_active, is_superuser, last_login,date_joine这些字段，可以直接使用django内置的UserManager。

为自定义的user模型创建的管理器必须继承AbstractBaseUser，我们必须提提供下面两个方法：

  create_user(*username_field*, password=None, **other_fields)：创建用户
  create_superuser(*username_field*, password, **other_fields)：创建超级用户

当然，还有其他的方法，也都在官方文档里面

之后，自定义user模型还得重载一些form，包括：UserCreationForm，UserChangeForm。其他的嘛，可以不用重载了

之后还有，自定义权限呀，测试呀，信号呀等等，好长~之后再慢慢看吧~

最后在官方文档中有一个完整的例子，可以照着写

models.py

from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import (
    BaseUserManager, AbstractBaseUser
)


class MyUserManager(BaseUserManager):
    def create_user(self, email, date_of_birth, password=None):
        """
        Creates and saves a User with the given email, date of
        birth and password.
        """
        if not email:
            raise ValueError('Users must have an email address')

        user = self.model(
            email=MyUserManager.normalize_email(email),
            date_of_birth=date_of_birth,
        )

        user.set_password(password)
        user.save(using=self._db)
        return user

    def create_superuser(self, email, date_of_birth, password):
        """
        Creates and saves a superuser with the given email, date of
        birth and password.
        """
        user = self.create_user(email,
            password=password,
            date_of_birth=date_of_birth
        )
        user.is_admin = True
        user.save(using=self._db)
        return user


class MyUser(AbstractBaseUser):
    email = models.EmailField(
        verbose_name='email address',
        max_length=255,
        unique=True,
        db_index=True,
    )
    date_of_birth = models.DateField()
    is_active = models.BooleanField(default=True)
    is_admin = models.BooleanField(default=False)

    objects = MyUserManager()

    USERNAME_FIELD = 'email'
    REQUIRED_FIELDS = ['date_of_birth']

    def get_full_name(self):
        # The user is identified by their email address
        return self.email

    def get_short_name(self):
        # The user is identified by their email address
        return self.email

    def __unicode__(self):
        return self.email

    def has_perm(self, perm, obj=None):
        "Does the user have a specific permission?"
        # Simplest possible answer: Yes, always
        return True

    def has_module_perms(self, app_label):
        "Does the user have permissions to view the app `app_label`?"
        # Simplest possible answer: Yes, always
        return True

    @property
    def is_staff(self):
        "Is the user a member of staff?"
        # Simplest possible answer: All admins are staff
        return self.is_admin

admin.py

from django import forms
from django.contrib import admin
from django.contrib.auth.models import Group
from django.contrib.auth.admin import UserAdmin
from django.contrib.auth.forms import ReadOnlyPasswordHashField

from customauth.models import MyUser


class UserCreationForm(forms.ModelForm):
    """A form for creating new users. Includes all the required
    fields, plus a repeated password."""
    password1 = forms.CharField(label='Password', widget=forms.PasswordInput)
    password2 = forms.CharField(label='Password confirmation', widget=forms.PasswordInput)

    class Meta:
        model = MyUser
        fields = ('email', 'date_of_birth')

    def clean_password2(self):
        # Check that the two password entries match
        password1 = self.cleaned_data.get("password1")
        password2 = self.cleaned_data.get("password2")
        if password1 and password2 and password1 != password2:
            raise forms.ValidationError("Passwords don't match")
        return password2

    def save(self, commit=True):
        # Save the provided password in hashed format
        user = super(UserCreationForm, self).save(commit=False)
        user.set_password(self.cleaned_data["password1"])
        if commit:
            user.save()
        return user


class UserChangeForm(forms.ModelForm):
    """A form for updating users. Includes all the fields on
    the user, but replaces the password field with admin's
    password hash display field.
    """
    password = ReadOnlyPasswordHashField()

    class Meta:
        model = MyUser

    def clean_password(self):
        # Regardless of what the user provides, return the initial value.
        # This is done here, rather than on the field, because the
        # field does not have access to the initial value
        return self.initial["password"]


class MyUserAdmin(UserAdmin):
    # The forms to add and change user instances
    form = UserChangeForm
    add_form = UserCreationForm

    # The fields to be used in displaying the User model.
    # These override the definitions on the base UserAdmin
    # that reference specific fields on auth.User.
    list_display = ('email', 'date_of_birth', 'is_admin')
    list_filter = ('is_admin',)
    fieldsets = (
        (None, {'fields': ('email', 'password')}),
        ('Personal info', {'fields': ('date_of_birth',)}),
        ('Permissions', {'fields': ('is_admin',)}),
        ('Important dates', {'fields': ('last_login',)}),
    )
    # add_fieldsets is not a standard ModelAdmin attribute. UserAdmin
    # overrides get_fieldsets to use this attribute when creating a user.
    add_fieldsets = (
        (None, {
            'classes': ('wide',),
            'fields': ('email', 'date_of_birth', 'password1', 'password2')}
        ),
    )
    search_fields = ('email',)
    ordering = ('email',)
    filter_horizontal = ()

# Now register the new UserAdmin...
admin.site.register(MyUser, MyUserAdmin)
# ... and, since we're not using Django's builtin permissions,
# unregister the Group model from admin.
admin.site.unregister(Group)