apt-get install安装软件问题(安装包的依赖库版本过高问题)[原创]

问题描述：
使用apt-get安装程序时，报告已安装依赖库的版本高于安装包所需的依赖库指定版本。
相关信息如下：
Loong:~/hw_test/toolsloongson-0.1lemote#apt-get install qt4-dev-tools
Reading package lists...
Building dependency tree...
Reading state information...
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
  qt4-dev-tools: Depends: libqt4-dbus (= 4.4.3-1) but 4.5.1-2 is to be installed
                 Depends: libqt4-help (= 4.4.3-1) but 4.5.1-2 is to be installed
                 Depends: libqt4-network (= 4.4.3-1) but 4.5.1-2 is to be installed
                 Depends: libqt4-xml (= 4.4.3-1) but 4.5.1-2 is to be installed
                 Depends: libqt4-xmlpatterns (= 4.4.3-1) but 4.5.1-2 is to be installed
                 Depends: libqtcore4 (= 4.4.3-1) but 4.5.1-2 is to be installed
                 Depends: libqtgui4 (= 4.4.3-1) but 4.5.1-2 is to be installed
                 Depends: libqt4-sql-sqlite but it is not going to be installed
                 Recommends: libqt4-dev but it is not going to be installed
                 Recommends: qt4-designer but it is not going to be installed
E: Broken packages
Loong:~/hw_test/toolsloongson-0.1lemote#

解决方案：
1，先使用apt-get showpkg命令来确认有libqt4-xx(使用其中的一个库来查找，这里使用libqt4-dbus)的较低版本：
Loong:~/hw_test/toolsloongson-0.1lemote#apt-cache showpkg libqt4-dbus
Package: libqt4-dbus
Versions:
4.5.1-2 (/var/lib/dpkg/status)
 Description Language:
                 File: /var/lib/dpkg/status
                MD5: d4138bc6e2864e684d9cd85db1fb1bb8
4.4.3-1 (/var/lib/apt/lists/192.168.2.60_debian-rebuild_dists_lenny_main_binary-mipsel_Packages)
 Description Language:
                 File: /var/lib/apt/lists/192.168.2.60_debian-rebuild_dists_lenny_main_binary-mipsel_Packages
                 MD5: d4138bc6e2864e684d9cd85db1fb1bb8

Reverse Depends:
  libqt4-script,libqt4-dbus 4.5.1-2
  libqt4-ruby1.8,libqt4-dbus 4.4.3
  libsmokeqt4-1,libqt4-dbus 4.4.3
  libqt4-dev,libqt4-dbus 4.4.3-1
  libqt4-script,libqt4-dbus 4.4.3-1
  qt4-demos,libqt4-dbus 4.4.3-1
  qt4-dev-tools,libqt4-dbus 4.4.3-1
  libqt4-core,libqt4-dbus 4.4.3-1
  libakonadiprivate1,libqt4-dbus 4.4.3
  akonadi-server,libqt4-dbus 4.4.3
  systemsettings,libqt4-dbus 4.4.3
  libstrigiqtdbusclient0,libqt4-dbus 4.4.3
  libsoprano4,libqt4-dbus 4.4.3
  marble,libqt4-dbus 4.4.3
  mumble,libqt4-dbus 4.4.3
  mumble-server,libqt4-dbus 4.4.3
  libphonon4,libqt4-dbus 4.4.3
  ktorrent,libqt4-dbus 4.4.3
  kdelibs-bin,libqt4-dbus 4.4.3
  kdelibs5,libqt4-dbus 4.4.3
  kdepimlibs5,libqt4-dbus 4.4.3
  kdebase-runtime-bin-kde4,libqt4-dbus 4.4.3
  khelpcenter4,libqt4-dbus 4.4.3
  phonon-backend-xine,libqt4-dbus 4.4.3
  kdebase-runtime,libqt4-dbus 4.4.3
Dependencies:
4.5.1-2 - libc6 (2 2.7-1) libgcc1 (2 1:4.1.1) libqt4-xml (5 4.5.1-2) libqtcore4 (5 4.5.1-2) libstdc++6 (2 4.1.1) libqt4-core (3 4.4.0~beta1-1)
4.4.3-1 - libc6 (2 2.7-1) libgcc1 (2 1:4.1.1) libqt4-xml (5 4.4.3-1) libqtcore4 (5 4.4.3-1) libstdc++6 (2 4.1.1) libqt4-core (3 4.4.0~beta1-1)
Provides:
4.5.1-2 -
4.4.3-1 -
Reverse Provides:
Loong:~/hw_test/toolsloongson-0.1lemote#
从上面的信息中查看"Provides"的信息就可以确认有较低版本的libqt4-xx(4.4.3-1)，我们就可以将高版本的libqt4-xx库恢复到较低版本了，即从4.5.1-2到4.4.3-1。下面我们就可以通过aptitude install命令来将高版本的恢复到所需的低版本的libqt4-xx库了。

2，恢复安装4.4.3-1版本的libqt4-xx库
Loong:~/hw_test/toolsloongson-0.1lemote#aptitude install libqt4-dbus=4.4.3-1
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Reading extended state information
Initializing package states... Done
Writing extended state information... Done
Reading task descriptions... Done
The following packages are BROKEN:
  libqt4-dbus libqt4-script
0 packages upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 downgraded, 0 to remove and 3 not upgraded.
Need to get 230kB of archives. After unpacking 36.9kB will be freed.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
  libqt4-dbus: Depends: libqt4-xml (= 4.4.3-1) but 4.5.1-2 is installed.
                     Depends: libqtcore4 (= 4.4.3-1) but 4.5.1-2 is installed.
  libqt4-script: Depends: libqt4-dbus (= 4.5.1-2) but 4.4.3-1 is to be installed.
The following actions will resolve these dependencies:

Remove the following packages:
cloudy
colockout
lemote-cocreate-desktop
libqt4-gui
rdesktoploongson
recorder-loongso
sysinfoloongson

Downgrade the following packages:
libqt4-assistant [4.5.1-2 (now) -> 4.4.3-1 (stable)]
libqt4-designer [4.5.1-2 (now) -> 4.4.3-1 (stable)]
libqt4-help [4.5.1-2 (now) -> 4.4.3-1 (stable)]
libqt4-network [4.5.1-2 (now) -> 4.4.3-1 (stable)]
libqt4-opengl [4.5.1-2 (now) -> 4.4.3-1 (stable)]
libqt4-qt3support [4.5.1-2 (now) -> 4.4.3-1 (stable)]
libqt4-script [4.5.1-2 (now) -> 4.4.3-1 (stable)]
libqt4-sql [4.5.1-2 (now) -> 4.4.3-1 (stable)]
libqt4-sql-mysql [4.5.1-2 (now) -> 4.4.3-1 (stable)]
libqt4-svg [4.5.1-2 (now) -> 4.4.3-1 (stable)]
libqt4-test [4.5.1-2 (now) -> 4.4.3-1 (stable)]
libqt4-webkit [4.5.1-2 (now) -> 4.4.3-1 (stable)]
libqt4-xml [4.5.1-2 (now) -> 4.4.3-1 (stable)]
libqt4-xmlpatterns [4.5.1-2 (now) -> 4.4.3-1 (stable)]
libqtcore4 [4.5.1-2 (now) -> 4.4.3-1 (stable)]
libqtgui4 [4.5.1-2 (now) -> 4.4.3-1 (stable)]
smplayer [0.6.6-0ubuntu1loongson2fcocreate11 (now) -> 0.6.1-1 (stable)]
smplayer-translations [0.6.6-0ubuntu1loongson2fcocreate11 (now) -> 0.6.1-1 (stable)]

Score is 63

Accept this solution? [Y/n/q/?] y
The following packages will be DOWNGRADED:
  libqt4-assistant libqt4-dbus libqt4-designer libqt4-help libqt4-network libqt4-qt3support libqt4-script
  libqt4-sql libqt4-sql-mysql libqt4-svg libqt4-test libqt4-webkit libqt4-xml libqt4-xmlpatterns
  libqtcore4 libqtgui4 smplayer smplayer-translations
The following packages will be REMOVED:
  cloudy{a} colockout{a} lemote-cocreate-desktop{a} libphonon4{u} libqt4-gui{a} libqt4-opengl{u}
  phonon{u} phonon-backend-gstreamer{u} rdesktop{u} rdesktoploongson{a} recorder-loongson{a}
  sysinfoloongson{a}
The following packages are RECOMMENDED but will NOT be installed:
  qt4-qtconfig
0 packages upgraded, 0 newly installed, 18 downgraded, 12 to remove and 1 not upgraded.
Need to get 17.3MB of archives. After unpacking 27.4MB will be freed.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n/?]
Writing extended state information... Done
Get:1 http://192.168.2.60 lenny/main libqt4-xmlpatterns 4.4.3-1 [760kB]
Get:2 http://192.168.2.60 lenny/main libqt4-test 4.4.3-1 [60.2kB]
Get:3 http://192.168.2.60 lenny/main libqt4-qt3support 4.4.3-1 [1328kB]
Get:4 http://192.168.2.60 lenny/main libqt4-designer 4.4.3-1 [1959kB]
Get:5 http://192.168.2.60 lenny/main libqt4-script 4.4.3-1 [425kB]
Get:6 http://192.168.2.60 lenny/main libqt4-dbus 4.4.3-1 [230kB]
Get:7 http://192.168.2.60 lenny/main libqt4-sql-mysql 4.4.3-1 [57.8kB]
Get:8 http://192.168.2.60 lenny/main libqt4-help 4.4.3-1 [237kB]
Get:9 http://192.168.2.60 lenny/main libqt4-sql 4.4.3-1 [130kB]
Get:10 http://192.168.2.60 lenny/main libqt4-webkit 4.4.3-1 [3144kB]
Get:11 http://192.168.2.60 lenny/main smplayer 0.6.1-1 [835kB]
Get:12 http://192.168.2.60 lenny/main smplayer-translations 0.6.1-1 [1037kB]
Get:13 http://192.168.2.60 lenny/main libqt4-svg 4.4.3-1 [183kB]
Get:14 http://192.168.2.60 lenny/main libqtgui4 4.4.3-1 [4290kB]
Get:15 http://192.168.2.60 lenny/main libqt4-xml 4.4.3-1 [136kB]
Get:16 http://192.168.2.60 lenny/main libqt4-assistant 4.4.3-1 [41.8kB]
Get:17 http://192.168.2.60 lenny/main libqt4-network 4.4.3-1 [440kB]
Get:18 http://192.168.2.60 lenny/main libqtcore4 4.4.3-1 [2048kB]
Fetched 17.3MB in 1min41s (172kB/s)
(Reading database ... 73022 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing cloudy ...
dpkg - warning: while removing cloudy, directory `/usr/local' not empty so not removed.
Removing colockout ...
Removing lemote-cocreate-desktop ...
dpkg - warning: while removing lemote-cocreate-desktop, directory `/usr/share/desktop-cocreate/resource/mainpage' not empty so not removed
dpkg - warning: while removing lemote-cocreate-desktop, directory `/usr/share/desktop-cocreate/resource' not empty so not removed.
dpkg - warning: while removing lemote-cocreate-desktop, directory `/usr/share/desktop-cocreate' not empty so not removed.
Removing libqt4-gui ...
dpkg - warning: downgrading libqt4-xmlpatterns from 4.5.1-2 to 4.4.3-1.
(Reading database ... 72800 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to replace libqt4-xmlpatterns 4.5.1-2 (using .../libqt4-xmlpatterns_4.4.3-1_mipsel.deb) ...
Unpacking replacement libqt4-xmlpatterns ...
dpkg - warning: downgrading libqt4-test from 4.5.1-2 to 4.4.3-1.
Preparing to replace libqt4-test 4.5.1-2 (using .../libqt4-test_4.4.3-1_mipsel.deb) ...
Unpacking replacement libqt4-test ...
(Reading database ... 72799 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing rdesktoploongson ...
Removing recorder-loongson ...
Removing sysinfoloongson ...
Processing triggers for man-db ...
Processing triggers for menu ...
dpkg - warning: downgrading libqt4-qt3support from 4.5.1-2 to 4.4.3-1.
Reading database ... 72761 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to replace libqt4-qt3support 4.5.1-2 (using .../libqt4-qt3support_4.4.3-1_mipsel.deb) ...
Unpacking replacement libqt4-qt3support ...
dpkg - warning: downgrading libqt4-designer from 4.5.1-2 to 4.4.3-1.
Preparing to replace libqt4-designer 4.5.1-2 (using .../libqt4-designer_4.4.3-1_mipsel.deb) ...
Unpacking replacement libqt4-designer ...
dpkg - warning: downgrading libqt4-script from 4.5.1-2 to 4.4.3-1.
Preparing to replace libqt4-script 4.5.1-2 (using .../libqt4-script_4.4.3-1_mipsel.deb) ...
Unpacking replacement libqt4-script ...
dpkg - warning: downgrading libqt4-dbus from 4.5.1-2 to 4.4.3-1.
Preparing to replace libqt4-dbus 4.5.1-2 (using .../libqt4-dbus_4.4.3-1_mipsel.deb) ...
Unpacking replacement libqt4-dbus ...
dpkg - warning: downgrading libqt4-sql-mysql from 4.5.1-2 to 4.4.3-1.
Preparing to replace libqt4-sql-mysql 4.5.1-2 (using .../libqt4-sql-mysql_4.4.3-1_mipsel.deb) ...
Unpacking replacement libqt4-sql-mysql ...
dpkg - warning: downgrading libqt4-help from 4.5.1-2 to 4.4.3-1.
Preparing to replace libqt4-help 4.5.1-2 (using .../libqt4-help_4.4.3-1_mipsel.deb) ...
Unpacking replacement libqt4-help ...
dpkg - warning: downgrading libqt4-sql from 4.5.1-2 to 4.4.3-1.
Preparing to replace libqt4-sql 4.5.1-2 (using .../libqt4-sql_4.4.3-1_mipsel.deb) ...
Unpacking replacement libqt4-sql ...
dpkg - warning: downgrading libqt4-webkit from 4.5.1-2 to 4.4.3-1.
Preparing to replace libqt4-webkit 4.5.1-2 (using .../libqt4-webkit_4.4.3-1_mipsel.deb) ...
Unpacking replacement libqt4-webkit ...
(Reading database ... 72760 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing phonon ...
Removing phonon-backend-gstreamer ...
Removing libqt4-opengl ...
dpkg - warning: downgrading smplayer from 0.6.6-0ubuntu1loongson2fcocreate11 to 0.6.1-1.
(Reading database ... 72736 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to replace smplayer 0.6.6-0ubuntu1loongson2fcocreate11 (using .../smplayer_0.6.1-1_mipsel.deb) ...
Unpacking replacement smplayer ...
dpkg - warning: downgrading smplayer-translations from 0.6.6-0ubuntu1loongson2fcocreate11 to 0.6.1-1.
Preparing to replace smplayer-translations 0.6.6-0ubuntu1loongson2fcocreate11 (using .../smplayer-translations_0.6.1-1_all.deb) ...
Unpacking replacement smplayer-translations ...
dpkg - warning: downgrading libqt4-svg from 4.5.1-2 to 4.4.3-1.
Preparing to replace libqt4-svg 4.5.1-2 (using .../libqt4-svg_4.4.3-1_mipsel.deb) ...
Unpacking replacement libqt4-svg ...
dpkg - warning: downgrading libqtgui4 from 4.5.1-2 to 4.4.3-1.
Preparing to replace libqtgui4 4.5.1-2 (using .../libqtgui4_4.4.3-1_mipsel.deb) ...
Unpacking replacement libqtgui4 ...
dpkg - warning: downgrading libqt4-xml from 4.5.1-2 to 4.4.3-1.
Preparing to replace libqt4-xml 4.5.1-2 (using .../libqt4-xml_4.4.3-1_mipsel.deb) ...
Unpacking replacement libqt4-xml ...
dpkg - warning: downgrading libqt4-assistant from 4.5.1-2 to 4.4.3-1.
Preparing to replace libqt4-assistant 4.5.1-2 (using .../libqt4-assistant_4.4.3-1_mipsel.deb) ...
Unpacking replacement libqt4-assistant ...
dpkg - warning: downgrading libqt4-network from 4.5.1-2 to 4.4.3-1.
Preparing to replace libqt4-network 4.5.1-2 (using .../libqt4-network_4.4.3-1_mipsel.deb) ...
Unpacking replacement libqt4-network ...
dpkg - warning: downgrading libqtcore4 from 4.5.1-2 to 4.4.3-1.
Preparing to replace libqtcore4 4.5.1-2 (using .../libqtcore4_4.4.3-1_mipsel.deb) ...
Unpacking replacement libqtcore4 ...
Processing triggers for man-db ...
Processing triggers for menu ...
(Reading database ... 72699 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing libphonon4 ...
Removing rdesktop ..
Processing triggers for man-db ...
Setting up libqtcore4 (4.4.3-1) ...
Setting up libqt4-network (4.4.3-1) ...
Setting up libqt4-xmlpatterns (4.4.3-1) ...
Setting up libqt4-test (4.4.3-1) ...
Setting up libqt4-xml (4.4.3-1) ...
Setting up libqt4-dbus (4.4.3-1) ...
Setting up libqt4-script (4.4.3-1) ...
Setting up libqtgui4 (4.4.3-1) ...
Setting up libqt4-designer (4.4.3-1) ...
Setting up libqt4-sql (4.4.3-1) ...
Setting up libqt4-qt3support (4.4.3-1) ...
Setting up libqt4-sql-mysql (4.4.3-1) ...
Setting up libqt4-help (4.4.3-1) ...
Setting up libqt4-webkit (4.4.3-1) ...
Setting up smplayer-translations (0.6.1-1) ...
Setting up smplayer (0.6.1-1) ...
Setting up libqt4-svg (4.4.3-1) ...
Setting up libqt4-assistant (4.4.3-1) ...
Processing triggers for menu ...
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Reading extended state information
Initializing package states... Done
Writing extended state information... Done
Reading task descriptions... Done

Current status: 1 update [-2], 17475 new [-2].
Loong:~/hw_test/toolsloongson-0.1lemote#

3，现在就可以安装qt4-dev-tool等工具包了。
Loong:~/hw_test/toolsloongson-0.1lemote# apt-get install qt4-dev-tools qt4-doc qt4-qtconfig qt4-demos qt4-designer
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
  x11proto-input-dev libpthread-stubs0-dev libpthread-stubs0
Use 'apt-get autoremove' to remove them.
The following extra packages will be installed:
  libpthread-stubs0 libpthread-stubs0-dev libqt4-dev libqt4-opengl libqt4-sql-sqlite qt4-qmake
  x11proto-input-dev
Suggested packages:
  libmysqlclient15-dev libsqlite0-dev libsqlite3-dev libpq-dev libiodbc2-dev firebird2.0-dev
Recommended packages:
  libqt4-opengl-dev
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  libpthread-stubs0 libpthread-stubs0-dev libqt4-dev libqt4-opengl libqt4-sql-sqlite qt4-demos qt4-designer
  qt4-dev-tools qt4-doc qt4-qmake qt4-qtconfig x11proto-input-dev
0 upgraded, 12 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1 not upgraded.
Need to get 71.7MB of archives.
After this operation, 138MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y
Get:1 http://192.168.2.60 lenny/main x11proto-input-dev 1.4.3-2 [16.0kB]
Get:2 http://192.168.2.60 lenny/main libpthread-stubs0 0.1-2 [2782B]
Get:3 http://192.168.2.60 lenny/main libpthread-stubs0-dev 0.1-2 [3060B]
Get:4 http://192.168.2.60 lenny/main qt4-qmake 4.4.3-1 [1586kB]
Get:5 http://192.168.2.60 lenny/main libqt4-dev 4.4.3-1 [4449kB]
... ...

4，问题解决。

5，注意：要解决方案可能会移除一些有用的包，因此请注意使用与系统匹配的源。