python3.6+django2.0开发一套学员管理系统

1.在pycharm中新建project demo1 添加app01 点击create按钮完成新建

2.在demo项目目录下新建目录static，并在settings.py中追加代码：

STATICFILES_DIRS=(os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static'),)

3.在setting.py中添加模板路径：

TEMPLATES = [
 {
  'BACKEND': '...',
  'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates'),],
  'APP_DIRS': ...,
  'OPTIONS': {
   'context_processors': [
    ...
   ],
  },
 },
]

4.学员管理系统数据库设计：

在app01/model.py目录下建立 班级、老师、学生 、老师与班级关联表 四张表：

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.


class Classes(models.Model):
 '''
 班级表
 '''
 title=models.CharField(max_length=32)
 a=models.ManyToManyField('Teachers')


class Teachers(models.Model):
 '''
 老师表
 '''
 name=models.CharField(max_length=32)


class Students(models.Model):
 username=models.CharField(max_length=32)
 age=models.IntegerField()
 gender=models.BooleanField()
 cs=models.ForeignKey(Classes,on_delete=models.CASCADE)

在终端Terminal 项目目录下执行数据表更新命令：

python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate

至此生成了四张数据表，可以在pycharm中，点开右上角的Database面板，然后将项目中templates目录下边的db.sqlite3鼠标拖拽到Database面板下，对新创建的数据表进行查看。

5.学员管理系统之班级管理：

为了方便分别操作班级、老师、学生相关的业务，将app01目录下的views.py 删掉，在app01目录下新建目录views，并在views目录下 新建classes.py teachers.py students.py。

1.在classes.py 中写 get_classes add_classes del_classes edit_classes四个函数，完成对 班级数据 的增删改查：

from django.shortcuts import render,redirect
from app01 import models


def get_classes(request):
 cls_list = models.Classes.objects.all()
 return render(request,'get_classes.html',{'cls_list':cls_list})

def add_classes(request):
 if request.method=='GET':
  return render(request,'add_classes.html')
 elif request.method=='POST':
  title=request.POST.get('title','')
  models.Classes.objects.create(title=title)
  return redirect('/classes.html')

def del_classes(request):
 nid=request.GET.get('nid','')
 models.Classes.objects.filter(id=nid).delete()
 return redirect('/classes.html')

def edit_classes(request):
 if request.method=="GET":
  nid = request.GET.get('nid', '')
  obj=models.Classes.objects.get(id=nid)
  return render(request,'edit_classes.html',{'obj':obj})
 elif request.method=="POST":
  nid=request.POST.get('nid','')
  title=request.POST.get('xxoo','')
  models.Classes.objects.filter(id=nid).update(title=title)
  return redirect('/classes.html')

2.在urls.py 中配置url路由：　　

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from app01.views import classes,students,teachers

urlpatterns = [
 path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
 path('classes.html', classes.get_classes),
 path('add_classes.html', classes.add_classes),
 path('del_classes.html', classes.del_classes),
 path('edit_classes.html', classes.edit_classes),
 # path('teachers.html', teachers.get_teachers),
 # path('students.html', students.get_studernts),

]

3.在template目录下建立所需的html页面文件：

get_classes.html

DOCTYPE html>


 
 
 




 
   {% for row in cls_list %}
   
   {% endfor %}
  

  

   

    
ID
 
名称
 
操作
   
  
  

    
{{ row.id }}
    
{{ row.title }}
    
删除
     |编辑
    
   
 


添加 

add_classes.html

 
 



 {% csrf_token %}
 
 

edit_classes.html

 
 



 {% csrf_token %}
 
 
 

6.学员管理系统之学员管理： 1.在students.py 中写 get_students add_students del_students edit_students 四个函数，完成对 学生数据 的增删改查：

from django.shortcuts import render,redirect
from app01 import models


def get_students(request):
 stu_list=models.Students.objects.all()
 return render(request,'get_students.html',{'stu_list':stu_list})


def add_students(request):
 if request.method=='GET':
  cs_list=models.Classes.objects.all()
  return render(request,'add_students.html',{'cs_list':cs_list})
 elif request.method=='POST':
  u=request.POST.get('username','')
  a=request.POST.get('age','')
  g=request.POST.get('gender','')
  c=request.POST.get('cs','')
  models.Students.objects.create(
   username=u,
   age=a,
   gender=g,
   cs_id=c
  )
  return redirect('/students.html')


def del_students(request):
 nid = request.GET.get('nid', '')
 models.Students.objects.filter(id=nid).delete()
 return redirect('/students.html')


def edit_students(request):
 if request.method=="GET":
  nid = request.GET.get('nid', '')
  obj=models.Students.objects.get(id=nid)
  cs_list = models.Classes.objects.all()
  return render(request,'edit_students.html',{'obj':obj,'cs_list':cs_list})
 elif request.method=="POST":
  nid=request.POST.get('nid','')
  u = request.POST.get('username', '')
  a = request.POST.get('age', '')
  g = request.POST.get('gender', '')
  c = request.POST.get('cs', '')
  models.Students.objects.filter(id=nid).update(
   username=u,
   age=a,
   gender=g,
   cs_id=c)
  return redirect('/students.html')

2.在urls.py 中配置url路由：　

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from app01.views import classes,students,teachers

urlpatterns = [
 path('admin/', admin.site.urls),

 path('classes.html', classes.get_classes),
 path('add_classes.html', classes.add_classes),
 path('del_classes.html', classes.del_classes),
 path('edit_classes.html', classes.edit_classes),

 path('students.html', students.get_students),
 path('add_students.html', students.add_students),
 path('del_students.html', students.del_students),
 path('edit_students.html', students.edit_students),
 # path('teachers.html', teachers.get_teachers),
]

3.在template目录下建立所需的html页面文件：

get_students.html

 
 
 




 
   {% for row in stu_list %}
   
   {% endfor %}
  

  

   

    
ID
    
姓名
    
年龄
    
性别
    
班级
    
操作
   
  
  

    
{{ row.id }}
    
{{ row.username }}
    
{{ row.age }}
    
{{ row.gender }}
    
{{ row.cs.title }}
    
删除
     |编辑
    
   
 


添加 

add_students

 
 


添加用户

 {% csrf_token %}
 

 

 

  男
  女
 
 

  
   {% for row in cs_list %}
   {{ row.title }}
   {% endfor %}
  
 
 

edit_students.html

 
 


编辑用户

 {% csrf_token %}
 
 

 

 

  男
  女
 
 

  
   {% for row in cs_list %}
   {{ row.title }}
   {% endfor %}
  
 
 

7.学员管理系统之给班级分配老师：

在teachers数据表中增加一些老师信息：

在pycharm右上角的Database打开面板，然后将template目录下边的db.splte3鼠标拖入到Database面板中，打开db==》app01_teachers表

点击“+”，然后填入老师信息，然后点击有“DB”标志的向上箭头，进行数据保存。

1.在classes.py中增加set_teachers函数

def set_teachers(request):
 if request.method=='GET':
  nid=request.GET.get('nid','')
  cls_obj=models.Classes.objects.get(id=nid)
  cls_teacher_list=cls_obj.a.all()
  all_teacher_list=models.Teachers.objects.all()
  return render(request,'set_teachers.html',{
   'cls_teacher_list':cls_teacher_list,
   'all_teacher_list':all_teacher_list,
   'nid':nid,
  })
 elif request.method=='POST':
  nid = request.POST.get('nid', '')
  ids_str=request.POST.getlist('teacher_id','')
  ids_int=[]
  for i in ids_str:
   i=int(i)
   ids_int.append(i)
  obj=models.Classes.objects.get(id=nid)
  obj.a.set(ids_int)
  return redirect('/classes.html')

2.在urls.py 中配置url路由：　

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from app01.views import classes,students,teachers

urlpatterns = [
 path('admin/', admin.site.urls),

 path('classes.html', classes.get_classes),
 path('add_classes.html', classes.add_classes),
 path('del_classes.html', classes.del_classes),
 path('edit_classes.html', classes.edit_classes),

 path('students.html', students.get_students),
 path('add_students.html', students.add_students),
 path('del_students.html', students.del_students),
 path('edit_students.html', students.edit_students),

 path('set_teachers.html', classes.set_teachers),
]

　

3.在template目录下建立所需的html页面文件：

set_teachers.html

 
 



 
 {% csrf_token %}
 

  {% for item in all_teacher_list %}
   {% if item in cls_teacher_list %}
   {{ item.name }}
   {% else %}
   {{ item.name }}
   {% endif %}
  {% endfor %}
 
 

对get_classes.html进行增添修改为：

 
 




 
   {% for row in cls_list %}
   
   {% endfor %}
  

  

   

    
ID
 
名称
 
任课老师
 
操作
   
  
  

    
{{ row.id }}
    
{{ row.title }}
    

     {% for item in row.a.all %}
      {{ item.name }}
      {% endfor %}
    
    
删除
     |编辑
     |分配老师
    
   
 


添加 

8.初识Ajax

Ajax是异步传输方式，偷偷的向后台发请求，不引起页面刷新，下面通过一个小例子来认识Ajax这种数据传输方式。

首先下载jQuery导入项目下的static目录下

1.在app01/Views目录下新建ajax.py

from django.shortcuts import render,redirect,HttpResponse


def ajax1(request):
 return render(request,'ajax1.html')


def ajax2(request):
 u=request.GET.get('username')
 p=request.GET.get('password')
 return HttpResponse('我愿意')

2.在urls.py中配置相关路由

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from app01.views import classes,students,teachers,ajax

urlpatterns = [
 path('admin/', admin.site.urls),

 path('classes.html', classes.get_classes),
 path('add_classes.html', classes.add_classes),
 path('del_classes.html', classes.del_classes),
 path('edit_classes.html', classes.edit_classes),

 path('students.html', students.get_students),
 path('add_students.html', students.add_students),
 path('del_students.html', students.del_students),
 path('edit_students.html', students.edit_students),

 path('set_teachers.html', classes.set_teachers),

 path('ajax1.html', ajax.ajax1),
 path('ajax2.html', ajax.ajax2),
]

3.在template目录下新建ajax1.html

 
 
 



 
 
 
提交

9.学员管理系统之Ajax删除学员： 1.在ajax.py中增加ajax4函数

from app01 import models
def ajax4(request):
 nid=request.GET.get('nid')
 msg='成功'
 try:
  models.Students.objects.get(id=nid).delete()
 except Exception as e:
  msg=str(e)
 return HttpResponse(msg)

2.在urls.py中配置相关路由

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from app01.views import classes,students,teachers,ajax

urlpatterns = [
 path('admin/', admin.site.urls),

 path('classes.html', classes.get_classes),
 path('add_classes.html', classes.add_classes),
 path('del_classes.html', classes.del_classes),
 path('edit_classes.html', classes.edit_classes),

 path('students.html', students.get_students),
 path('add_students.html', students.add_students),
 path('del_students.html', students.del_students),
 path('edit_students.html', students.edit_students),

 path('set_teachers.html', classes.set_teachers),

 path('ajax1.html', ajax.ajax1),
 path('ajax2.html', ajax.ajax2),
 path('ajax4.html', ajax.ajax4),
]

3.对get_students.html进行添加修改：

 
 




 
   {% for row in stu_list %}
   
   {% endfor %}
  

  

   

    
ID
    
姓名
    
年龄
    
性别
    
班级
    
操作
   
  
  

    
{{ row.id }}
    
{{ row.username }}
    
{{ row.age }}
    
{{ row.gender }}
    
{{ row.cs.title }}
    
删除
     |Ajax删除
     |编辑
    
   
 


添加