secret

概念

secret对象类型主要目的是保存和处理敏感信息/私密数据,比如密码,OAuth tokens,ssh keys等信息。将这些信息放在secret对象中比 直接放在pod或docker image中更安全,也更方便使用。

一个已经创建好的secrets对象有两种方式被pod对象使用,其一,在container中的volume对象里以file的形式被使用,其二,在pull images时被kubelet使用。

类型

Opaque任意字符串,默认类型

kubernetes.io/service-account-token:作用于ServiceAccount

kubernetes.io/dockercfg:作用于Docker registry,用户下载docker镜像认证使用

Opaque

创建

文件

实现把需要加密的内容实现base64编码

echo -n lykops | base64

bHlrb3Bz

echo -n 1qaz2wsx | base64

MXFhejJ3c3g=

然后写入test-secret.yaml


apiVersion: v1

 

kind: Secret

 

metadata:

 

   name: test-secret

 

   namespace: default

 

type: Opaque

 

data:

 

   password: MXFhejJ3c3g=

 

   username: bHlrb3Bz

导入kubectl create -f test-secret.yaml


命令行

kubectl createsecret generic test--secret --from-literal=username=lykops--from-literal=password=1qaz2wsx


pod引用

cat << EOF > test-secret.yaml

 

apiVersion: v1

 

kind: Pod

 

metadata:

 

  name: test-secret-pod

 

  labels:

 

    software: apache

 

    project: test

 

    app: test-secret-pod

 

    version: v1

 

spec:

 

  containers:

 

     -name: test-secret-pod

 

      image: web:apache

 

      command: [ 'sh' , '/etc/run.sh' ]

 

      env:

 

        - name: SECRET_USERNAME

 

          valueFrom:

 

            secretKeyRef:

 

              name: test-secret

 

              key: username

 

        - name: SECRET_PASSWORD

 

          valueFrom:

 

            secretKeyRef:

 

              name: test-secret

 

              key: password

 

EOF


kubectl create -f test-secret-pod.yaml

然后进入pod

kubectl exec -it test-secret-pod /bin/bash

执行env | grep -i '^SECRET_'

SECRET_USERNAME=lykops

SECRET_PASSWORD=1qaz2wsx


imagePullSecrets

当在需要安全验证的环境中拉取镜像时,需要通过用户名和密码。


apiVersion: v1

 

kind: Secret

 

metadata:

 

  name: myregistrykey

 

  namespace: awesomeapps

 

data:

 

  .dockerconfigjson:UmVhbGx5IHJlYWxseSByZWVlZWVlZWVlZWFhYWFhYWFhYWFhYWFhYWFhYWFhYWFhYWFhYWxsbGxsbGxsbGxsbGxsbGxsbGxsbGxsbGxsbGxsbGx5eXl5eXl5eXl5eXl5eXl5eXl5eSBsbGxsbGxsbGxsbGxsbG9vb29vb29vb29vb29vb29vb29vb29vb29vb25ubm5ubm5ubm5ubm5ubm5ubm5ubm5ubmdnZ2dnZ2dnZ2dnZ2dnZ2dnZ2cgYXV0aCBrZXlzCg==

 

type: kubernetes.io/dockerconfigjson


或者直接通过命令创建

kubectl create secret docker-registrymyregistrykey --docker-server=DOCKER_REGISTRY_SERVER--docker-username=DOCKER_USER --docker-password=DOCKER_PASSWORD--docker-email=DOCKER_EMAIL

接下来拉取镜像的时候,就可以使用了


apiVersion: v1

 

kind: Pod

 

metadata:

 

  name: foo

 

  namespace: awesomeapps

 

spec:

 

  containers:

 

     -name: foo

 

      image: janedoe/awesomeapp:v1

 

  imagePullSecrets:

 

     -name: myregistrykey

此种方式有可能会报错。
还有另外一种方式

我们知道使用docker pull去私有仓库拉取镜像,需要先使用docker login登陆一下私有仓库,而login执行的操作,实际上就是在用户的家目录写入了.docker/config.json文件。将此文件做一个软链接到 /var/lib/kubelet/.docker/就可以解决此问题了。当配置了软连接后就不需要在yaml文件中引用前面的创建的secret了。

# cat /root/.docker/config.json
# ln -s /root/.docker/ /var/lib/kubelet/.docker/


Service Account

概念

Service Account(以下简称SA)的使用场景:运行在pod里的进程需要调用K8S API以及非K8S API的其它服务。SA

cat ~/.docker/config.json

 

{

 

    "auths" : {

 

        "10.39.0.118" : {

 

            "auth" : "Y2hlbm1vOmNtMTM4MTE2NjY3ODY="

 

        },

 

        "10.39.0.12:5000" : {

 

            "auth" : "dXNlcjAxOjEyMzQ1YQ=="

 

        },

 

        "https://10.39.0.12:5000" : {

 

            "auth" : "dXNlcjAxOjEyMzQ1YQ=="

 

        }

 

     }

 

}

并不是给K8S集群的用户使用的,而是给pod里面的进程使用的,它为pod提供必要的身份认证。

如果K8S开启了SA(位于/etc/kubernetes/controller-manager的KUBE_ADMISSION_CONTROL="--admission-control=NamespaceLifecycle,NamespaceExists,LimitRanger,SecurityContextDeny,ServiceAccount,ResourceQuota"),那么会在每个namespace下面都会创建一个默认的default的SA。


配置

当用户在namespace下创建pod时会默认使用sa。

……
 
  volumes:
 
   -name: default -token-rsf8r
 
    secret:
 
      defaultMode: 420
 
       secretName: default -token-rsf8r


具体看一下secret

kubectl get secret default -token-rsf8r -oyaml

 

apiVersion: v1

 

data:

 

  ca.crt: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

 

  namespace: ZGVmYXVsdA==

 

  token: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

 

kind: Secret

 

metadata:

 

  annotations:

 

    kubernetes.io/service-account.name: default

 

    kubernetes.io/service-account.uid: 0de23575-2f02-11e7-98d0-5254c4628ad9

 

  name: default -token-rsf8r

 

  namespace: default

 

  resourceVersion: "12551"

 

  selfLink: /api/v1/namespaces/ default /secrets/ default -token-rsf8r

 

   uid:75c0a236-2f02-11e7-98d0-5254c4628ad9

 

type: kubernetes.io/service-account-token

上面的内容是经过base64加密过后的,直接进入容器内


ls -l /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/

 

total 0

 

lrwxrwxrwx   1 root     root            13 May  4 23 : 57 ca.crt -> ..data/ca.crt

 

lrwxrwxrwx   1 root     root            16 May  4 23 : 57 namespace -> ..data/namespace

 

lrwxrwxrwx   1 root     root            12 May  4 23 : 57 token -> ..data/token

可以看到已将ca.crt 、namespace和token放到容器内了,那么这个容器就可以通过https的请求访问apiserver了。

本文出自https://www.2cto.com/net/201708/664156.html

Kubernetes & ServiceAccount

本文参考https://blog.csdn.net/xichenguan/article/details/79345566