通过系统gdi32.dll的BitBlt函数，将桌面抓取为位图System.Drawing.Bitmap
效果图：
代码：（用csc编译即可）
CaptureDesktop代码摘自Macro Zhou的回答：
http://social.msdn.microsoft.com/forums/en-US/wpf/thread/7a28f9e6-73fc-4157-bc40-1366267155c3
//~ CaptureDesktop代码摘自：http://social.msdn.microsoft.com/forums/en-US/wpf/thread/7a28f9e6-73fc-4157-bc40-1366267155c3 using System; public class Program { [STAThread] static void Main() { Console.WriteLine("桌面截图演示"); Console.WriteLine("2秒后抓屏..."); System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(2000); var image=CaptureDesktop(); var filename=string.Format("capture_{0}.png",DateTime.Now.Ticks); var output=System.IO.Path.Combine(Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.Desktop),filename); try { image.Save(output, System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat.Png); Console.WriteLine("输出文件夹：桌面"); Console.WriteLine("输出文件："+filename); } catch { Console.WriteLine("截图失败！"); } image.Dispose(); //销毁位图 } public static System.Drawing.Bitmap CaptureDesktop() { System.Drawing.Rectangle screenRect = System.Windows.Forms.SystemInformation.VirtualScreen; int screenWidth=screenRect.Width; int screenHeight=screenRect.Height; //~ WPF中通过SystemParameters得到屏幕宽高 //~ var screenWidth = (int)System.Windows.SystemParameters.VirtualScreenWidth; //~ var screenHeight = (int)System.Windows.SystemParameters.VirtualScreenHeight; var desktopImage = new System.Drawing.Bitmap(screenWidth, screenHeight); //Bitmap默认采用PixelFormat.Format32bppArgb格式 System.Drawing.Graphics deskGraphics; using(deskGraphics=System.Drawing.Graphics.FromImage(desktopImage)) { IntPtr desktopHdc=deskGraphics.GetHdc(); IntPtr hWnd=NativeMethods.GetDesktopWindow(); IntPtr wndDc=NativeMethods.GetDC(hWnd); NativeMethods.BitBlt(desktopHdc, 0, 0, screenWidth, screenHeight, wndDc, 0, 0, NativeConstants.SRCCOPY | NativeConstants.CAPTUREBLT); //释放资源 NativeMethods.ReleaseDC(hWnd, wndDc); deskGraphics.ReleaseHdc(); desktopHdc = IntPtr.Zero; hWnd = IntPtr.Zero; } return desktopImage; } } [System.Runtime.InteropServices.StructLayoutAttribute(System.Runtime.InteropServices.LayoutKind.Sequential)] public struct HWND__ { /// int public int unused; } [System.Runtime.InteropServices.StructLayoutAttribute(System.Runtime.InteropServices.LayoutKind.Sequential)] public struct HDC__ { /// int public int unused; } public partial class NativeMethods { /// Return Type: hWnd->HWND__* [System.Runtime.InteropServices.DllImportAttribute("user32.dll", EntryPoint="GetDesktopWindow")] public static extern System.IntPtr GetDesktopWindow() ; /// Return Type: HDC->HDC__* ///hWnd: hWnd->HWND__* [System.Runtime.InteropServices.DllImportAttribute("user32.dll", EntryPoint="GetDC")] public static extern System.IntPtr GetDC([System.Runtime.InteropServices.InAttribute()] System.IntPtr hWnd) ; /// Return Type: BOOL->int ///hdc: HDC->HDC__* ///x: int ///y: int ///cx: int ///cy: int ///hdcSrc: HDC->HDC__* ///x1: int ///y1: int ///rop: DWORD->unsigned int [System.Runtime.InteropServices.DllImportAttribute("gdi32.dll", EntryPoint="BitBlt")] [return: System.Runtime.InteropServices.MarshalAsAttribute(System.Runtime.InteropServices.UnmanagedType.Bool)] public static extern bool BitBlt([System.Runtime.InteropServices.InAttribute()] System.IntPtr hdc, int x, int y, int cx, int cy, [System.Runtime.InteropServices.InAttribute()] System.IntPtr hdcSrc, int x1, int y1, uint rop) ; /// Return Type: int ///hWnd: hWnd->HWND__* ///hDC: HDC->HDC__* [System.Runtime.InteropServices.DllImportAttribute("user32.dll", EntryPoint="ReleaseDC")] public static extern int ReleaseDC([System.Runtime.InteropServices.InAttribute()] System.IntPtr hWnd, [System.Runtime.InteropServices.InAttribute()] System.IntPtr hDC) ; } public partial class NativeConstants { //常量值参考WinGDI.h 或者 http://pinvoke.net/default.aspx/gdi32/BitBlt.html public const int SRCCOPY = 0x00CC0020; //source public const int CAPTUREBLT = 0x40000000; //Include layered windows 为了支持透明窗口 }