LDAP/AD是两种应用最广泛的认证服务器,AD是微软基于LDAP开发而成的,应用于Windows平台,而LDAP主要应用于Linux平台(LDAP用在Windows平台比较少)。既然AD是基于LDAP的扩展,则LDAP大部分协议,AD均可原生支持,这位我们操作和管理AD认证服务器提供了大大的便利。

在软件开发过程中,很多公司都采用AD/LDAP用于自己的用户认证体系,本文重点研究通过Python语言提供的Python-Ldap框架,来操作和管理AD/LDAP中的用户,组织结构等,希望对大家有所帮助。

基本概念:

o– organization(组织-公司)
ou – organization unit(组织单元/部门)
c - countryName(国家)
dc - domainComponent(域名组件)
sn – suer name(真实名称)
cn - common name(常用名称)
dn - distinguished name(唯一标识)

AD和LDAP中的字段及含义:

  • 用户表字段对应关系:
    字段描述    表示值
    唯一标识    dn
    用户名 userPrincipalName(AD)/cn(LDAP)
    密码  userPassword
    真实姓名    displayName
    工作地点    physicalDeliveryOfficeName
    职务  title
    邮箱  mail
    个人电话    telephoneNumber
    公司电话    homePhone
  • 组织结构表对应关系:
    字段描述    表示值
    唯一标识    dn
    组织名称    ou
    组织描述    description
  • 在AD中创建用户

import ldap
def create_ad_user(username, unicode_password, org_dn):
    l = ldap.initialize('ldap://172.16.1.163:636') #use secure port default:636
    l.protocol_version = 3
    l.set_option(ldap.OPT_REFERRALS, 0)
    l.simple_bind_s('Administrator', 'P@ssword')
    user = {}
    user['objectclass'] = ['top', 'person', 'organizationalPerson', 'user']
    user_dn = 'cn=%s,%s' % (username,org_dn)
    user['userPrincipalName'] = '%s@%s' % (username, domain)
    user['userAccountControl'] = '66048' # active user account
    user['unicodePwd'] = unicode_password
    ldif = modlist.addModlist(user)
    ret, _ = l.add_s(user_dn, ldif)
    print ret
  • 在LDAP中创建用户
    import ldap
    def create_ldap_user(username, password, org_dn):
    l = ldap.initialize('ldap://172.16.1.163:389')
    l.protocol_version = 3
    l.set_option(ldap.OPT_REFERRALS, 0)
    l.simple_bind_s('Administrator', 'P@ssword')
    user = {}
    user['objectclass'] = ['top', 'person', 'inetOrgPerson']
    user['cn'] = username
    user['sn'] = user['cn']
    user['password'] = password
    user_dn = 'cn=%s,%s' % (username,org_dn)
    ldif = modlist.addModlist(user)
    ret, _ = l.add_s(user_dn, ldif)
    print ret
  • 修改AD/LDAP用户基本信息
    import ldap
    def modify_user(username):
    firstname = 'Abel'
    lastname = 'Lee'
    l = ldap.initialize('ldap://172.16.1.163:389')
    l.protocol_version = 3
    l.set_option(ldap.OPT_REFERRALS, 0)
    l.simple_bind_s('Administrator', 'P@ssword')
    cn = username
    dn = 'cn=%s,ou=org1,dc=testad,dc=com' % cn
    old = {'description': 'old description'}
    new = {'description': 'new description'}
    ldif = ldap.modifyModlist(old, new)
    ret = l.modify_s(dn, ldif)
    l.unbind_s()
    print ret
  • 删除AD/LDAP用户
    import ldap
    def delete_users(user_dn):
    l = ldap.initialize('ldap://172.16.1.163:389')
    l.protocol_version = 3
    l.set_option(ldap.OPT_REFERRALS, 0)
    l.simple_bind_s('Administrator', 'P@ssword')
    ret = l.delete_s(user_dn)
    l.unbind_s()
    print ret
  • 查询AD用户信息
    import ldap
    def describe_ad_users(org_dn='', usernames = []):
    l = ldap.initialize('ldap://172.16.1.163:389')
    l.protocol_version = 3
    l.set_option(ldap.OPT_REFERRALS, 0)
    l.simple_bind_s('Administrator', 'P@ssword')
    USER_ATTRS = ['userAccountControl','displayName','description','homePhone','physicalDeliveryOfficeName','title','mail','telephoneNumber']
    filterstr = '(&(objectclass=user)'
    if len(usernames) > 0:
        filterstr = filterstr + '(|'
    for username in usernames:
        username = '%s@%s' % (username, domain)
        userPrincipalName = '(userPrincipalName=%s)' % username
        filterstr += userPrincipalName
    if len(usernames) > 0:
        filterstr += '))'
    else:
        filterstr += ')'
    if org_dn:
        ret = l.search_s(org_dn, ldap.SCOPE_SUBTREE, filterstr, 
                                           attrlist=USER_ATTRS)
    else:
        ret = l.search_s(base_dn, ldap.SCOPE_SUBTREE, filterstr, 
                                           attrlist=USER_ATTRS) 
    print ret
  • 查询LDAP中的用户
    import ldap
    def describe_ldap_users(org_dn='', usernames = []):
    l = ldap.initialize('ldap://172.16.1.163:389')
    l.protocol_version = 3
    l.set_option(ldap.OPT_REFERRALS, 0)
    l.simple_bind_s('Administrator', 'P@ssword')
    USER_ATTRS = ['userAccountControl','displayName','description','homePhone','physicalDeliveryOfficeName','title','mail','telephoneNumber']
    filterstr = '(&(objectclass=person)'
    if len(usernames) > 0:
        filterstr = filterstr + '(|'
    for cn in usernames:
        cn = '(cn=%s)' % cn
        filterstr += cn
    if len(usernames) > 0:
        filterstr += '))'
    else:
        filterstr += ')'
    if org_dn:
        ret = l.search_s(org_dn, ldap.SCOPE_SUBTREE, filterstr, 
                                           attrlist=USER_ATTRS)
    else:
        ret = l.search_s(base_dn, ldap.SCOPE_SUBTREE, filterstr, 
                                           attrlist=USER_ATTRS) 
    print ret
  • AD用户认证
    import ldap
    def login_ad(user_dn, password):
    l = ldap.initialize('ldap://172.16.1.163:389')
    l.protocol_version = 3
    l.set_option(ldap.OPT_REFERRALS, 0)
    l.simple_bind_s(user_dn, password)
    cn = user_dn.split(',')[0].split('=')
    base_dn = 'dc=testad,dc=com'
    domain = 'testad.com'
    username = '%s@%s' % (cn[1], domain)
    ret = l.search_s(base_dn, ldap.SCOPE_SUBTREE,"(userPrincipalName=%s)" % username, ["userPrincipalName"])
    if ret is None or len(ret) == 0:
        return False
    return True
  • LDAP用户认证
    import ldap
    def login_ldap(user_dn, password):
    l = ldap.initialize('ldap://172.16.1.163:389')
    l.protocol_version = 3
    l.set_option(ldap.OPT_REFERRALS, 0)
    l.simple_bind_s(user_dn, password)
    cn = user_dn.split(',')[0].split('=')
    base_dn = 'dc=testad,dc=com'
    ret = l.search_s(base_dn, ldap.SCOPE_SUBTREE,"%s=%s" % (cn[0], cn[1]))
    if ret is None or len(ret) == 0:
        return False
    return True
  • 设置AD用户密码,修改AD用户密码可以先认证再设置
    import ldap
    def set_ad_password(user_dn, unicode_password):
    l = ldap.initialize('ldap://172.16.1.163:636') #use secure port
    l.simple_bind_s('Administrator', 'P@ssword')
    param_pwd = [(ldap.MOD_REPLACE, 'unicodePwd', [password_utf16]), (ldap.MOD_REPLACE, 'unicodePwd', [password_utf16])]
    ret,_ = l.modify_s(user_dn, param_pwd)
    print ret
  • 设置LDAP用户密码
    import ldap
    def set_ldap_password(user_dn, password):
    l = ldap.initialize('ldap://172.16.1.163:389')
    l.protocol_version = 3
    l.set_option(ldap.OPT_REFERRALS, 0)
    l.simple_bind_s('Administrator', 'P@ssword')
    l.passwd_s(user_dn, None, password)
  • 修改LDAP用户密码
    import ldap
    def modify_ldap_password(user_dn, old_password, new_password):
    l = ldap.initialize('ldap://172.16.1.163:389')
    l.protocol_version = 3
    l.set_option(ldap.OPT_REFERRALS, 0)
    l.simple_bind_s('Administrator', 'P@ssword')
    l.passwd_s(user_dn, old_password, new_password)
  • 创建AD/LDAP组织结构
    import ldap
    def create_ou(parent_dn, ou):
    l = ldap.initialize('ldap://172.16.1.163:389')
    l.protocol_version = 3
    l.set_option(ldap.OPT_REFERRALS, 0)
    l.simple_bind_s('Administrator', 'P@ssword')
    attrs= {'ou': ou}
    attrs['description'] = 'this is description'
    attrs['objectClass'] = ['organizationalUnit','top']
    dn = 'ou=%s,%s' % (attrs['ou'], parent_dn)
    ldif = modlist.addModlist(attrs)
    ret, _ = l.add_s(dn,ldif)
    print ret
  • 修改AD/LDAP组织结构
    import ldap
    def modify_ou(attrs={'description': 'new_description'}):
    l = ldap.initialize('ldap://172.16.1.163:389')
    l.protocol_version = 3
    l.set_option(ldap.OPT_REFERRALS, 0)
    l.simple_bind_s('Administrator', 'P@ssword')
    old_attrs = {'description': 'old_description'}
    ldif = modlist.modifyModlist(old_attrs, attrs)
    l.modify_s(dn,ldif)
  • 删除AD/LDAP组织结构
    import ldap
    def delete_ou(dn):
    l = ldap.initialize('ldap://172.16.1.163:389')
    l.protocol_version = 3
    l.set_option(ldap.OPT_REFERRALS, 0) 
    l.simple_bind_s('Administrator', 'P@ssword')
    l.delete_s(dn)
  • 查询AD/LDAP组织结构
    import ldap
    def describe_ou(parent_dn='', org_dns=[]):
    ORGANIZATION_ATTRS = ['ou', 'description']
    l = ldap.initialize('ldap://172.16.1.163:389')
    l.protocol_version = 3
    l.set_option(ldap.OPT_REFERRALS, 0)
    l.simple_bind_s('Administrator', 'P@ssword')
    filterstr = '(&(objectclass=organizationalUnit)'
    for dn in org_dns:
        objectGUID = '(ou=%s)' % dn
        filterstr += objectGUID
    filterstr += ')'
    if parent_dn:
        ret = l.search_s(parent_dn, ldap.SCOPE_SUBTREE, filterstr, 
                                       attrlist=ORGANIZATION_ATTRS)
    else:
        ret = l.search_s(base_dn, ldap.SCOPE_SUBTREE, filterstr, 
                                       attrlist=ORGANIZATION_ATTRS)
    print ret
  • 修改用户所属组织结构
    import ldap
    def change_user_in_ou(user_dn, new_org_dn):
    l = ldap.initialize('ldap://172.16.1.163:389')
    l.protocol_version = 3
    l.set_option(ldap.OPT_REFERRALS, 0)
    l.simple_bind_s('Administrator', 'P@ssword')
    cn = user_dn.split(',')[0]
    ret = l.rename_s(user_dn, cn, new_org_dn)
    print ret

注意:AD和LDAP中如:创建用户,查询用户等操作,其使用端口和查询字段均有差异,还请格外注意,另外,代码如有不明确指出,欢迎留言讨论。