上一篇 Spring IOC 之 BeanFactory 大概分析了 Spring IOC之最简单的容器接口的设计和实现的框架,可以看出 Spring的接口职责的明确划分。有了对上层接口设计的认识,这一篇就直接从容器 XmlBeanFactory着手,解读一下从 Bean配置的读取、解析、并注册为BeanDefinition的过程,最后介绍常用BeanFactoryPostProcessor对BeanDefinition解析之后做进一步修改,从而实现一些特殊的需求。
上一篇结尾之前展示如何利用 DefaultListableBeanFactory编程 Spring IOC,这对于客户端来说是很不方便的,而 XmlBeanFactory 才是第一个比较方便的 IOC容器,客户端可以简单配置 XML文件就可以,当然对于一些生命周期事件的注册可能还不是那么方便 ,这在 Spring高级的容器 ApplicationContext 中会扩展。一般的, XmlBeanFactory使用如下:
BeanFactory container = new XmlBeanFactory(new ClassPathResource("配置文件路径")); //Person person = (Person)container.getBean("person"); //you can use person object now
短短两行代码非常简单,其实代表了两大步骤:容器启动加载 BeanDefinition 资源、实例化 Bean 对象。本文着重介绍启动加载资源,不对Bean的实例化和装配过程进行分析。初始化 BeanFactory 时走的是下面类图蓝色的路径 :
从上图 XmlBeanFactory 出发沿蓝色 路径,一次初始化浅色类对象,跟踪代码如下:
//在XmlBeanFactory Class中,初始化XmlBeanDefinitionReader , //并将自己做为BeanDefinitionRegistry传递 //给XmlBeanDefinitionReader private final XmlBeanDefinitionReader reader = new XmlBeanDefinitionReader(this); //XmlBeanDefinitionReader Class的构造方法 public XmlBeanDefinitionReader(BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) { super(registry); } //进入XmlBeanDefinitionReader父类AbstractBeanDefinitionReader构造 //方法,这里会走PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver路径 protected AbstractBeanDefinitionReader(BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) { Assert.notNull(registry, "BeanDefinitionRegistry must not be null"); this.registry = registry; // Determine ResourceLoader to use. //一般ApplicationContext走这条路径,因为ApplicationContext实现了 //ResourceLoader的功能,因此它比XmlBeanFactory更方便 if (this.registry instanceof ResourceLoader) { this.resourceLoader = (ResourceLoader) this.registry; } else { this.resourceLoader = new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver(); } } //初始化PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver,构造方法 //用DefaultResourceLoader对象做为 //PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver依赖的ResourceLoader public PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver() { this.resourceLoader = new DefaultResourceLoader(); } //DefaultResourceLoader构造方法,主要是初始化ClassLoader public DefaultResourceLoader() { this.classLoader = ClassUtils.getDefaultClassLoader(); }
到此,XmlBeanFactory初始化完毕,接着在XmlBeanFactory中开始加载BeanDefinition资源:
this.reader.loadBeanDefinitions(resource);
XmlBeanDefinition.loadBeanDefinitions方法:
public int loadBeanDefinitions(Resource resource) throws BeanDefinitionStoreException { return loadBeanDefinitions(new EncodedResource(resource)); } public int loadBeanDefinitions(EncodedResource encodedResource) throws BeanDefinitionStoreException { Assert.notNull(encodedResource, "EncodedResource must not be null"); if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) { logger.info("Loading XML bean definitions from " + encodedResource.getResource()); } Set currentResources = (Set) this.resourcesCurrentlyBeingLoaded.get(); if (currentResources == null) { currentResources = new HashSet(4); this.resourcesCurrentlyBeingLoaded.set(currentResources); } if (!currentResources.add(encodedResource)) { throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException( "Detected recursive loading of " + encodedResource + " - check your import definitions!"); } try { InputStream inputStream = encodedResource.getResource().getInputStream(); try { InputSource inputSource = new InputSource(inputStream); if (encodedResource.getEncoding() != null) { inputSource.setEncoding(encodedResource.getEncoding()); } return doLoadBeanDefinitions(inputSource, encodedResource.getResource()); } finally { inputStream.close(); } } catch (IOException ex) { throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException( "IOException parsing XML document from " + encodedResource.getResource(), ex); } finally { currentResources.remove(encodedResource); if (currentResources.isEmpty()) { this.resourcesCurrentlyBeingLoaded.set(null); } } }
直接看try-catch部分,会根据client指定的Resource获取InputStream,然后再包装成org.xml.sax.InputSource对象,接着把加载任务交给doLoadBeanDefinitions方法,其他是资源清理相关代码。这里不同Resource获取InputStream可以看作是一个策略模式的实现,具体看ApplicationContext会更明显,最常见的如ClassPathRersource,FileSystemResource,ByteArrayResource,UrlResource 获取InputStream方式如下:
//ClassPathResource public InputStream getInputStream() throws IOException { InputStream is = null; if (this.clazz != null) { is = this.clazz.getResourceAsStream(this.path); } else { is = this.classLoader.getResourceAsStream(this.path); } if (is == null) { throw new FileNotFoundException( getDescription() + " cannot be opened because it does not exist"); } return is; } //FileSystemResource public FileInputStream(File file) throws FileNotFoundException { String name = (file != null ? file.getPath() : null); SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager(); if (security != null) { security.checkRead(name); } if (name == null) { throw new NullPointerException(); } fd = new FileDescriptor(); open(name); } //UrlResource public InputStream getInputStream() throws IOException { URLConnection con = this.url.openConnection(); con.setUseCaches(false); return con.getInputStream(); } //ByteArrayResource public InputStream getInputStream() throws IOException { return new ByteArrayInputStream(this.byteArray); }
重点看doLoadBeanDefinitions(InputSource, Resource),去除异常处理代码之后,总共就3行:
int validationMode = getValidationModeForResource(resource); Document doc = this.documentLoader.loadDocument( inputSource, getEntityResolver(), this.errorHandler, validationMode, isNamespaceAware()); return registerBeanDefinitions(doc, resource);
第一行获取验证模式,如xsd,schema等XML的验证,可以重写该方法来做自己特定的配置验证。第二行是将输入流加载为xml的Document对象,中间会依赖DefaultDocumentLoader,最后会用javax.xml.parsers包来parse xml文档。到这里还没解析XML配置中各个Bean,继续看源码registerBeanDefinitions(Document,Resource)方法:
BeanDefinitionDocumentReader documentReader = createBeanDefinitionDocumentReader(); int countBefore = getRegistry().getBeanDefinitionCount(); documentReader.registerBeanDefinitions(doc, createReaderContext(resource)); return getRegistry().getBeanDefinitionCount() - countBefore;
下面的主角是BeanDefinitionDocumentReader,当然此处使用DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader实现类,看他的方法registerBeanDefinitions(Document,XmlReaderContext):
public void registerBeanDefinitions(Document doc, XmlReaderContext readerContext) { this.readerContext = readerContext; logger.debug("Loading bean definitions"); Element root = doc.getDocumentElement(); BeanDefinitionParserDelegate delegate = createHelper(readerContext, root); preProcessXml(root); parseBeanDefinitions(root, delegate); postProcessXml(root); }
留下两个钩子preProcessXml 和postProcessXml 给客户端增强,主要是中间的parseBeanDefinitions方法:
protected void parseBeanDefinitions(Element root, BeanDefinitionParserDelegate delegate) { if (delegate.isDefaultNamespace(root.getNamespaceURI())) { NodeList nl = root.getChildNodes(); for (int i = 0; i < nl.getLength(); i++) { Node node = nl.item(i); if (node instanceof Element) { Element ele = (Element) node; String namespaceUri = ele.getNamespaceURI(); if (delegate.isDefaultNamespace(namespaceUri)) { parseDefaultElement(ele, delegate); } else { delegate.parseCustomElement(ele); } } } } else { delegate.parseCustomElement(root); } } //处理具体节点 private void parseDefaultElement(Element ele, BeanDefinitionParserDelegate delegate) { if (DomUtils.nodeNameEquals(ele, IMPORT_ELEMENT)) { //处理xml import文档 importBeanDefinitionResource(ele); } else if (DomUtils.nodeNameEquals(ele, ALIAS_ELEMENT)) { processAliasRegistration(ele); } else if (DomUtils.nodeNameEquals(ele, BEAN_ELEMENT)) { //具体处理一个BeanDefinition processBeanDefinition(ele, delegate); } }
具体processBeanDefinition:
/** * Process the given bean element, parsing the bean definition * and registering it with the registry. */ protected void processBeanDefinition(Element ele, BeanDefinitionParserDelegate delegate) { BeanDefinitionHolder bdHolder = delegate.parseBeanDefinitionElement(ele); if (bdHolder != null) { bdHolder = delegate.decorateBeanDefinitionIfRequired(ele, bdHolder); try { // Register the final decorated instance. BeanDefinitionReaderUtils.registerBeanDefinition(bdHolder, getReaderContext().getRegistry()); } catch (BeanDefinitionStoreException ex) { getReaderContext().error("Failed to register bean definition with name '" + bdHolder.getBeanName() + "'", ele, ex); } // Send registration event. getReaderContext().fireComponentRegistered(new BeanComponentDefinition(bdHolder)); } }
这里会利用工具类BeanDefinitionReaderUtils来将bean对象注册到BeanDefinitionRegistry中,具体代码嘛就跟上一篇例子使用DefaultListableBeanFactory编码实现很像了。最终Bean配置会被解析成BeanDefinition注册到DefaultListableBeanFactory.beanDefinitionMap中。之后客户端如果要获取Bean对象,XmlBeanFactory会根据注册的BeanDefinition信息进行实例化。
貌似Bean配置的读取和解析就已进结束,其实不尽然,Web开发配置时经常配置PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer将一些数据库用户名密码等配置放到单独的property文件中,做为一种BeanFactoryPostProcessor,它实际上是在BeanDefinition解析之后,对BeanDefinition信息进行了修改。对于ApplicationContext来说这一步是自动的,无需客户端手动调用。而对于XmlBeanFactory来说就需要自己手动调用了:
XmlBeanFactory beanFactory = new XmlBeanFactory(new ClassPathResource("testXml.xml")); // 声明要使用的PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer propertyPostProcessor = new PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer(); propertyPostProcessor.setLocation(new ClassPathResource("dbValue.properties")); // 执行后处理操作 propertyPostProcessor.postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory); //之后再获取bean,BeanDefinition原始的配置信息已经被dbValue.properties对应的值修改 ......