对将“面向接口编程”奉为圭臬,认为放之四海而皆准的论调,笔者深不以为然。是的,“面向接口编程”是Martin Fowler、Rod Johnson这些大师提倡的行事原则。如果拿这条原则去开发框架和产品,怎么强调都不为过。但是,对于我们一般的开发人员来说,做的最多的是普通工程项目,往往只是一些对数据库增、删、查、改的功能。此时,“面向接口编程”除了带来更多的类文件外,看不到更多其他的好处。
Spring框架所提供的各种好处(如AOP、注解增强、注解MVC等)的唯一前提就是让POJO的类变成一个受Spring容器管理的Bean,除此以外没有其他任何的要求。下面的实例用一个POJO完成所有的功能,既是Controller,又是Service,还是DAO:
package com.baobaotao.mixlayer; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; //①将POJO类通过注解变成Spring MVC的Controller @Controller public class MixLayerUserService { //②自动注入JdbcTemplate @Autowired private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate; //③通过Spring MVC注解映射成为处理HTTP请求的函数,同时作为一个拥有事务性的方法 @RequestMapping("/logon.do") @Transactional public String logon(String userName,String password){ if(isRightUser(userName,password)){ String sql = "UPDATE t_user u SET u.score = u.score + ? WHERE user_name =?"; jdbcTemplate.update(sql,20,userName); return "success"; }else{ return "fail"; } } private boolean isRightUser(String userName,String password){ //do sth return true; } }
通过@Controller注解将MixLayerUserService变成Web层的Controller,同时也是Service层的服务类。此外,由于直接使用JdbcTemplate访问数据,所以MixLayerUserService还是一个DAO。来看一下对应的Spring配置文件:
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在①处,通过事务注解驱动使MixLayerUserService的logon()工作于事务环境下,②处配置了Spring MVC的一些基本设施。要使程序能够运行起来还必须进行web.xml的相关配置:
contextConfigLocation classpath:com/baobaotao/mixlayer/applicationContext.xml log4jConfigLocation /WEB-INF/classes/log4j.properties org.springframework.web.util.Log4jConfigListener org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener user org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet contextConfigLocation classpath:com/baobaotao/mixlayer/applicationContext.xml 1 user *.do
这个配置文件很简单,唯一需要注意的是DispatcherServlet的配置。默认情况下Spring MVC根据Servlet的名字查找WEB-INF下的
将org.springframework.jdbc及org.springframework.transaction的日志级别设置为DEBUG,启动项目,并访问http://localhost:8088/chapter10/logon.do?userName=tom应用,MixLayerUserService#logon方法将作出响应,查看后台输出日志,如下所示:
引用
Returning cached instance of singleton bean 'transactionManager'
Creating new transaction with name [com.baobaotao.mixlayer.MixLayerUserService.logon]:
PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,ISOLATION_DEFAULT; ''
(DataSourceTransactionManager.java:204) - Acquired Connection [jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/sampledb, UserName=root@localhost, MySQL-AB JDBC Driver] for JDBC transaction
(DataSourceTransactionManager.java:221) - Switching JDBC Connection [jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/sampledb, UserName=root@localhost, MySQL-AB JDBC Driver] to manual commit
(JdbcTemplate.java:810) - Executing prepared SQL update
(JdbcTemplate.java:569) - Executing prepared SQL statement [UPDATE t_user u SET u.score = u.score + ? WHERE user_name =?]
(JdbcTemplate.java:819) - SQL update affected 0 rows
(AbstractPlatformTransactionManager.java:752) - Initiating transaction commit
(DataSourceTransactionManager.java:264) - Committing JDBC transaction on Connection [jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/sampledb, UserName=root@localhost, MySQL-AB JDBC Driver]
Creating new transaction with name [com.baobaotao.mixlayer.MixLayerUserService.logon]:
PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,ISOLATION_DEFAULT; ''
(DataSourceTransactionManager.java:204) - Acquired Connection [jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/sampledb, UserName=root@localhost, MySQL-AB JDBC Driver] for JDBC transaction
(DataSourceTransactionManager.java:221) - Switching JDBC Connection [jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/sampledb, UserName=root@localhost, MySQL-AB JDBC Driver] to manual commit
(JdbcTemplate.java:810) - Executing prepared SQL update
(JdbcTemplate.java:569) - Executing prepared SQL statement [UPDATE t_user u SET u.score = u.score + ? WHERE user_name =?]
(JdbcTemplate.java:819) - SQL update affected 0 rows
(AbstractPlatformTransactionManager.java:752) - Initiating transaction commit
(DataSourceTransactionManager.java:264) - Committing JDBC transaction on Connection [jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/sampledb, UserName=root@localhost, MySQL-AB JDBC Driver]
日志中红色部分说明了MixLayerUserService#logon方法已经正确运行在事务上下文中。
Spring框架本身不应是代码复杂化的理由,使用Spring的开发者应该是无拘无束的:从实际应用出发,去除那些所谓原则性的接口,去掉强制分层的束缚,简单才是硬道理。
注:以上内容摘自《Spring 4.x企业应用开发实战》