搭建OSPF多区域配置
实验环境
在GNS 3中搭建实验环境
GNS 3下载地址 路由设备镜像文件
搭建实验拓扑图
在GNS 3软件中添加4个路由设别，与两台PC机，在交换机R1、R3中添加业务单板，用于连接两台PC机，然后用连接线分别将4路由设别与两台PC机连接起来，并在拓扑图中开启接口信息，标注划分的IP地址信息，最后在用工具在拓扑图中标注划分的不同区域（area0与area1）如图所示：
划分的网段：
192.168.10.0/24192.168.20.0/24192.168.30.0/24192.168.40.0/24192.168.50.0/24192.168.60.0/24
Router ID划分
R1：1.1.1.1R2：2.2.2.2R3：3.3.3.3R4：4.4.4.4
搭建多区域配置
1、开启全部设别，并打开R1路由设备，进入配置接口网段信息。
R1#conf t //进入全局模式
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R1(config)#int f0/0 //进入f0/0接口
R1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.20.1 255.255.255.0 //添加IP地址
R1(config-if)#no shut //开启接口
R1(config-if)#
*Mar 1 00:01:56.163: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
*Mar 1 00:01:57.163: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
R1(config-if)#int f0/1 //进入f0/1接口
R1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.50.2 255.255.255.0 //添加IP地址
R1(config-if)#no shut //开启接口
R1(config-if)#
*Mar 1 00:02:31.639: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up
*Mar 1 00:02:32.639: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up
R1(config-if)#int f1/0 //进入f1/0接口
R1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0 //添加IP地址
R1(config-if)#no shut //开启接口
R1(config-if)#
*Mar 1 00:03:16.431: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet1/0, changed state to up
*Mar 1 00:03:17.431: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet1/0, changed state to up
R1(config-if)#do show ip int b //查看IP地址是否配置成功
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol
FastEthernet0/0 192.168.20.1 YES manual up up
FastEthernet0/1 192.168.50.2 YES manual up up
FastEthernet1/0 192.168.10.1 YES manual up up 2、打开R2路由设备，进入配置接口网段信息。
R2#conf t //进入全局模式
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R2(config)#int f0/0 //进入f0/0接口
R2(config-if)#ip add 192.168.20.2 255.255.255.0 //添加IP地址
R2(config-if)#no shut //开启接口
R2(config-if)#
*Mar 1 00:07:46.395: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
*Mar 1 00:07:47.395: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
R2(config-if)#int f0/1 //进入f0/1接口
R2(config-if)#ip add 192.168.30.1 255.255.255.0 //添加IP地址
R2(config-if)#no shut //开启接口
R2(config-if)#
*Mar 1 00:08:20.979: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up
*Mar 1 00:08:21.979: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up
R2(config-if)#do show ip int b //查看IP地址是否配置成功
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol
FastEthernet0/0 192.168.20.2 YES manual up up
FastEthernet0/1 192.168.30.1 YES manual up up 3、打开R3由设备，进入配置接口网段信息。
R3#conf t //进入全局模式
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R3(config)#int f0/0 //进入f0/0接口
R3(config-if)#ip add 192.168.30.2 255.255.255.0 //添加IP地址
R3(config-if)#no shut //开启接口
R3(config-if)#
*Mar 1 00:12:29.019: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
*Mar 1 00:12:30.019: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
R3(config-if)#int f0/1 //进入f0/1接口
R3(config-if)#ip add 192.168.40.1 255.255.255.0 //添加IP地址
R3(config-if)#no shut //开启接口
R3(config-if)#
*Mar 1 00:13:05.091: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up
*Mar 1 00:13:06.091: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up
R3(config-if)#int f1/0 //进入f1/0接口
R3(config-if)#ip add 192.168.60.1 255.255.255.0 //添加IP地址
R3(config-if)#no shutt //开启接口
R3(config-if)#
*Mar 1 00:13:50.719: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet1/0, changed state to up
*Mar 1 00:13:51.719: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet1/0, changed state to up
R3(config-if)#do show ip int b //查看IP地址是否配置成功
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol
FastEthernet0/0 192.168.30.2 YES manual up up
FastEthernet0/1 192.168.40.1 YES manual up up
FastEthernet1/0 192.168.60.1 YES manual up up 4、打开R4由设备，进入配置接口网段信息。
R4#conf t //进入全局模式
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R4(config)#int f0/0 //进入f0/0接口
R4(config-if)#ip add 192.168.40.2 255.255.255.0 //添加IP地址
R4(config-if)#no shut //开启接口
R4(config-if)#
*Mar 1 00:17:23.547: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
*Mar 1 00:17:24.547: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
R4(config-if)#int f0/1 //进入f0/1接口
R4(config-if)#ip add 192.168.50.1 255.255.255.0 //添加IP地址
R4(config-if)#no shut //开启接口
R4(config-if)#
*Mar 1 00:18:02.799: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up
*Mar 1 00:18:03.799: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up
R4(config-if)#do show ip int b //查看IP地址是否配置成功
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol
FastEthernet0/0 192.168.40.2 YES manual up up
FastEthernet0/1 192.168.50.1 YES manual up up5、回到R1路由设备中，配置回环网卡，添加Router ID，R2、R3、R4路由设备中同样操作。
R1(config)#int loopback 0 //进入回环网卡接口
R1(config-if)#
*Mar 1 00:23:09.519: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Loopback0, changed state to up
R1(config-if)#ip add 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255 //配置Router ID
R1(config-if)#no shut
R1(config-if)#do show ip int b //查看回环网卡地址是否配置成功
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol
FastEthernet0/0 192.168.20.1 YES manual up up
FastEthernet0/1 192.168.50.2 YES manual up up
FastEthernet1/0 192.168.10.1 YES manual up up
Loopback0 1.1.1.1 YES manual up up R2(config)#int loopback 0
R2(config-if)#
*Mar 1 00:25:49.879: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Loopback0, changed state to up
R2(config-if)#ip add 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255
R2(config-if)#no shut
R2(config-if)#do show ip int b
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol
FastEthernet0/0 192.168.20.2 YES manual up up
FastEthernet0/1 192.168.30.1 YES manual up up
Loopback0 2.2.2.2 YES manual up up R3(config)#int loopback 0
R3(config-if)#
*Mar 1 00:29:09.423: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Loopback0, changed state to up
R3(config-if)#ip add 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255
R3(config-if)#no shut
R3(config-if)#do show ip int b
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol
FastEthernet0/0 192.168.30.2 YES manual up up
FastEthernet0/1 192.168.40.1 YES manual up up
FastEthernet1/0 192.168.60.1 YES manual up up
Loopback0 3.3.3.3 YES manual up up R4(config)#int loopback 0
R4(config-if)#i
*Mar 1 00:30:26.755: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Loopback0, changed state to up
R4(config-if)#ip add 4.4.4.4 255.255.255.255
R4(config-if)#no shut
R4(config-if)#do show ip int b
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol
FastEthernet0/0 192.168.40.2 YES manual up up
FastEthernet0/1 192.168.50.1 YES manual up up
Loopback0 4.4.4.4 YES manual up up 6、在路由设备中启动OSPF协议，并区域中宣告Router ID信息与网段信息。
R1(config)#router ospf 1 //启动OSPF协议，进程号为1
R1(config-router)#router-id 1.1.1.1 //宣告Router ID
R1(config-router)#network 192.168.20.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 //R1设备在area 0区域中宣告网段信息，注意子网掩码要写反码
R1(config-router)#network 192.168.50.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
R1(config-router)#network 192.168.10.0 0.0.0.255 area 0R2(config)#router ospf 1 //在R2路由设备中启动OSPF协议，进程号为1
R2(config-router)#router-id 2.2.2.2 //宣告Router ID
R2(config-router)#network 192.168.20.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 //此网段在area 0区域中宣告网段信息，注意子网掩码要写反码
R2(config-router)#
*Mar 1 00:46:07.555: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 1.1.1.1 on FastEthernet0/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done
R2(config-router)#network 192.168.30.0 0.0.0.255 area 1 //此网段在area 1区域中宣告网段信息，注意子网掩码要写反码
R2(config-router)#do show ip route //查看路由表
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 2.2.2.2 is directly connected, Loopback0
C 192.168.30.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
C 192.168.20.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
O 192.168.10.0/24 [110/11] via 192.168.20.1, 00:00:45, FastEthernet0/0
O 192.168.50.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.20.1, 00:00:33, FastEthernet0/0 //成功学习到R1设备中网段信息R3(config)#router ospf 1 //在R3路由设备中启动OSPF协议，进程号为1
R3(config-router)#router-id 3.3.3.3 //宣告Router ID
R3(config-router)#network 192.168.30.0 0.0.0.255 area 1 //此网段在area 1区域中宣告网段信息，注意子网掩码要写反码
R3(config-router)#
*Mar 1 00:53:09.751: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 2.2.2.2 on FastEthernet0/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done
R3(config-router)#network 192.168.40.0 0.0.0.255 area 1 //此网段在area 1区域中宣告网段信息，注意子网掩码要写反码
R3(config-router)#network 192.168.60.0 0.0.0.255 area 1
R3(config-router)#
*Mar 1 01:04:49.075: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
R3(config-router)#do show ip route //查看路由表信息
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 3.3.3.3 is directly connected, Loopback0
C 192.168.30.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
C 192.168.60.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
O IA 192.168.10.0/24 [110/21] via 192.168.40.2, 00:01:33, FastEthernet0/1
[110/21] via 192.168.30.1, 00:01:33, FastEthernet0/0
C 192.168.40.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
O IA 192.168.20.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.30.1, 00:01:14, FastEthernet0/0
O IA 192.168.50.0/24 [110/30] via 192.168.30.1, 00:01:14, FastEthernet0/0 //成功学习网段信息R4(config)#router ospf 1 //在R4路由设备中启动OSPF协议，进程号为1
R4(config-router)#router-id 4.4.4.4 //宣告Router ID
R4(config-router)#network 192.168.40.0 0.0.0.255 area 1 //此网段在area 1区域中宣告网段信息，注意子网掩码要写反码
R4(config-router)#
*Mar 1 01:01:18.223: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 3.3.3.3 on FastEthernet0/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done
R4(config-router)#network 192.168.50.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 //此网段在area 0区域中宣告网段信息，注意子网掩码要写反码
R4(config-router)#
*Mar 1 01:01:44.507: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 1.1.1.1 on FastEthernet0/1 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done
R4(config-router)#do show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
O 192.168.30.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.40.1, 00:09:36, FastEthernet0/0
O 192.168.60.0/24 [110/11] via 192.168.40.1, 00:06:40, FastEthernet0/0
4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C (1)4.4.4.4 is directly connected, Loopback0 //添加(1)是违禁词汇处理
O 192.168.10.0/24 [110/11] via 192.168.50.2, 00:03:12, FastEthernet0/1
C 192.168.40.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
O 192.168.20.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.50.2, 00:09:21, FastEthernet0/1
C 192.168.50.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1 //成功学习所有网段信息7、分别给两台PC机添加IP地址，并用ping命令测试两台PC机是否成功通信。
PC1> ip 192.168.10.2 192.168.10.1 //在PC1中添加IP地址
Checking for duplicate address...
PC1 : 192.168.10.2 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.10.1 //添加成功PC2> ip 192.168.60.2 192.168.60.1 //在PC2中添加IP地址
Checking for duplicate address...
PC1 : 192.168.60.2 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.60.1 //添加成功PC1> ping 192.168.60.2 //使用ping命令与PC2通信
192.168.60.2 icmp_seq=1 timeout
84 bytes from 192.168.60.2 icmp_seq=2 ttl=61 time=54.935 ms
84 bytes from 192.168.60.2 icmp_seq=3 ttl=61 time=63.006 ms
84 bytes from 192.168.60.2 icmp_seq=4 ttl=61 time=47.872 ms
84 bytes from 192.168.60.2 icmp_seq=5 ttl=61 time=45.075 ms //成功与PC2通信