准备工作
先在VS2012上编译一个winform，代码如下：
using System;
using System.Windows.Forms;
namespace FormsTest
{
static class Program
{
///
/// 应用程序的主入口点。
///
[STAThread]
static void Main()
{
Application.EnableVisualStyles();
Application.SetCompatibleTextRenderingDefault(false);
Application.Run(new Form());
}
}
}
尝试在ubuntu上用mono运行：
nike@NIKE-PC:~$ cd Desktop/ nike@NIKE-PC:~/Desktop$ ls FormsTest.exe nike@NIKE-PC:~/Desktop$ mono FormsTest.exe Unhandled Exception: System.TypeInitializationException: An exception was thrown by the type initializer for System.Windows.Forms.XplatUI ---> System.TypeInitializationException: An exception was thrown by the type initializer for System.Drawing.GDIPlus ---> System.DllNotFoundException: /opt/mono-3.2.8/lib/libgdiplus.so at (wrapper managed-to-native) System.Drawing.GDIPlus:GdiplusStartup (ulong&,System.Drawing.GdiplusStartupInput&,System.Drawing.GdiplusStartupOutput&) at System.Drawing.GDIPlus..cctor () [0x00000] in:0 --- End of inner exception stack trace --- at System.Drawing.Graphics.FromHdcInternal (IntPtr hdc) [0x00000] in :0 at System.Windows.Forms.XplatUIX11.SetDisplay (IntPtr display_handle) [0x00000] in :0 at System.Windows.Forms.XplatUIX11..ctor () [0x00000] in :0 at System.Windows.Forms.XplatUIX11.GetInstance () [0x00000] in :0 at System.Windows.Forms.XplatUI..cctor () [0x00000] in :0 --- End of inner exception stack trace --- at System.Windows.Forms.Application.EnableVisualStyles () [0x00000] in :0 at FormsTest.Program.Main () [0x00000] in :0 [ERROR] FATAL UNHANDLED EXCEPTION: System.TypeInitializationException: An exception was thrown by the type initializer for System.Windows.Forms.XplatUI ---> System.TypeInitializationException: An exception was thrown by the type initializer for System.Drawing.GDIPlus ---> System.DllNotFoundException: /opt/mono-3.2.8/lib/libgdiplus.so at (wrapper managed-to-native) System.Drawing.GDIPlus:GdiplusStartup (ulong&,System.Drawing.GdiplusStartupInput&,System.Drawing.GdiplusStartupOutput&) at System.Drawing.GDIPlus..cctor () [0x00000] in :0 --- End of inner exception stack trace --- at System.Drawing.Graphics.FromHdcInternal (IntPtr hdc) [0x00000] in :0 at System.Windows.Forms.XplatUIX11.SetDisplay (IntPtr display_handle) [0x00000] in :0 at System.Windows.Forms.XplatUIX11..ctor () [0x00000] in :0 at System.Windows.Forms.XplatUIX11.GetInstance () [0x00000] in :0 at System.Windows.Forms.XplatUI..cctor () [0x00000] in :0 --- End of inner exception stack trace --- at System.Windows.Forms.Application.EnableVisualStyles () [0x00000] in :0 at FormsTest.Program.Main () [0x00000] in :0
遇到错误了System.DllNotFoundException: /opt/mono-3.2.8/lib/libgdiplus.so，原因是如果要在ubuntu运行winform，那么必须要安装libgdiplus。
下载libgdiplus并编译
nike@NIKE-PC:~$ cd src nike@NIKE-PC:~/src$ wget http://download.mono-project.com/sources/libgdiplus/libgdiplus-2.10.9.tar.bz2 --2014-03-27 22:46:40-- http://download.mono-project.com/sources/libgdiplus/libgdiplus-2.10.9.tar.bz2 Resolving download.mono-project.com (download.mono-project.com)... 54.230.157.116, 54.230.157.204, 54.230.158.216, ... Connecting to download.mono-project.com (download.mono-project.com)|54.230.157.116|:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 2074317 (2.0M) [application/x-bzip2] Saving to: ‘libgdiplus-2.10.9.tar.bz2' 100%[======================================>] 2,074,317 224KB/s in 9.5s 2014-03-27 22:46:54 (213 KB/s) - ‘libgdiplus-2.10.9.tar.bz2' saved [2074317/2074317] nike@NIKE-PC:~/src$ ls libgdiplus-2.10.9.tar.bz2 mono-3.2.8 mono-3.2.8.tar.bz2 nike@NIKE-PC:~/src$ tar -xvjf libgdiplus-2.10.9.tar.bz2 nike@NIKE-PC:~/src$ cd libgdiplus-2.10.9/ nike@NIKE-PC:~/src/libgdiplus-2.10.9$ ./configure --prefix=/opt/mono-3.2.8 ==============>省略了很多<============== checking pkg-config is at least version 0.9.0... yes checking for BASE_DEPENDENCIES... no configure: error: Package requirements (glib-2.0 >= 2.2.3) were not met: No package 'glib-2.0' found Consider adjusting the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable if you installed software in a non-standard prefix. Alternatively, you may set the environment variables BASE_DEPENDENCIES_CFLAGS and BASE_DEPENDENCIES_LIBS to avoid the need to call pkg-config. See the pkg-config man page for more details.
遇到错误了，需要安装libglib2.0-dev：
nike@NIKE-PC:~/src/libgdiplus-2.10.9$ sudo apt-get install libglib2.0-dev Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following extra packages will be installed: libglib2.0-0 libglib2.0-bin libpcre3-dev libpcrecpp0 zlib1g-dev Suggested packages: libglib2.0-doc The following NEW packages will be installed: libglib2.0-dev libpcre3-dev libpcrecpp0 zlib1g-dev The following packages will be upgraded: libglib2.0-0 libglib2.0-bin 2 upgraded, 4 newly installed, 0 to remove and 273 not upgraded. Need to get 2,728 kB of archives. After this operation, 9,208 kB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue [Y/n]? ==============>省略了很多<==============
重新初始化libgdiplus安装配置文件：
nike@NIKE-PC:~/src/libgdiplus-2.10.9$ ./configure --prefix=/opt/mono-3.2.8 ==============>省略了很多<============== checking for libpng14... checking for libpng12... no checking for png_read_info in -lpng... no configure: error: *** libpng12 not found. See http://www.libpng.org/pub/png/libpng.html.
又遇到错误了，需要安装libpng-dev：
nike@NIKE-PC:~/src/libgdiplus-2.10.9$ sudo apt-get install libpng-dev
重新初始化libgdiplus安装配置文件：
nike@NIKE-PC:~/src/libgdiplus-2.10.9$ ./configure --prefix=/opt/mono-3.2.8 ==============>省略了很多<============== ./configure: line 13371: test: too many arguments configure: error: "Failed to compile with X11/Xlib.h include. You must fix your compiler paths"
提示错误，需要安装libx11-dev：
nike@NIKE-PC:~/src/libgdiplus-2.10.9$ sudo apt-get install libx11-dev
重新初始化libgdiplus安装配置文件：
nike@NIKE-PC:~/src/libgdiplus-2.10.9$ ./configure --prefix=/opt/mono-3.2.8 ==============>省略了很多<============== configure: error: Cairo requires at least one font backend. Please install freetype and fontconfig, then try again: http://freetype.org/ http://fontconfig.org/ configure: error: ./configure failed for cairo
需要安装freetype和fontconfig：
nike@NIKE-PC:~/src/libgdiplus-2.10.9$ sudo apt-get install libfreetype6-dev nike@NIKE-PC:~/src/libgdiplus-2.10.9$ sudo apt-get install fontconfig nike@NIKE-PC:~/src/libgdiplus-2.10.9$ sudo apt-get install libfontconfig1-dev
重新初始化libgdiplus安装配置文件：
nike@NIKE-PC:~/src/libgdiplus-2.10.9$ ./configure --prefix=/opt/mono-3.2.8 ==============>省略了很多<============== Configuration summary * Installation prefix = /opt/mono-3.2.8 * Cairo = 1.6.4 (internal) * Text = cairo * EXIF tags = No. Get it from http://libexif.sourceforge.net/ * Codecs supported: - TIFF: no (Get it from http://www.libtiff.org/) - JPEG: no (Get it from http://freshmeat.net/projects/libjpeg) - GIF: no (See http://sourceforge.net/projects/libgif) - PNG: yes NOTE: if any of the above say 'no' you may install the corresponding development packages for them, rerun autogen.sh to include them in the build. nike@NIKE-PC:
./configure通过。
编译安装源代码
nike@NIKE-PC:~/src/libgdiplus-2.10.9$ make make all-recursive make[1]: Entering directory `/home/nike/src/libgdiplus-2.10.9' Making all in pixman make[2]: Entering directory `/home/nike/src/libgdiplus-2.10.9/pixman' make all-recursive make[3]: Entering directory `/home/nike/src/libgdiplus-2.10.9/pixman' Making all in pixman make[4]: Entering directory `/home/nike/src/libgdiplus-2.10.9/pixman/pixman' /bin/bash ../libtool --tag=CC --mode=compile gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I.. -g -O2 -Wall -fvisibility=hidden -MT pixman-access.lo -MD -MP -MF .deps/pixman-access.Tpo -c -o pixman-access.lo pixman-access.c ../libtool: line 852: X--tag=CC: command not found
遇到错误了，通过google搜索，可能是因为在项目目录下生成的libtool脚本中定义了$ECHO变量，但是在脚本文件ltmain.sh中，使用的却是$echo（生成的libtool版本太旧） 解决方法很简单export echo=echo即可：
nike@NIKE-PC:~/src/libgdiplus-2.10.9$ export echo=echo nike@NIKE-PC:~/src/libgdiplus-2.10.9$ make ==============>省略了很多<============== make[2]: Entering directory `/home/nike/src/libgdiplus-2.10.9/tests' /bin/bash ../libtool --tag=CC --mode=link gcc -g -O2 -pthread -o testgdi testgdi.o ../src/libgdiplus.la -lpthread -lfontconfig libtool: link: gcc -g -O2 -pthread -o .libs/testgdi testgdi.o ../src/.libs/libgdiplus.so -lpthread -lfontconfig -pthread -Wl,-rpath -Wl,/opt/mono-3.2.8/lib /usr/bin/ld: testgdi.o: undefined reference to symbol 'g_print' /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libglib-2.0.so.0: error adding symbols: DSO missing from command line collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status make[2]: *** [testgdi] Error 1 make[2]: Leaving directory `/home/nike/src/libgdiplus-2.10.9/tests' make[1]: *** [all-recursive] Error 1 make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/nike/src/libgdiplus-2.10.9' make: *** [all] Error 2
编译时又出错了，解决办法为： 1.运行./configure后，编辑tests/Makefile文件 2.在Makefile文件130行位置，将LIBS = -lpthread -lfontconfig改为LIBS = -lpthread -lfontconfig -lglib-2.0 -lX11 3.再次运行make即可
nike@NIKE-PC:~/src/libgdiplus-2.10.9$ vim tests/Makefile nike@NIKE-PC:~/src/libgdiplus-2.10.9$ make ==============>编译很快<============== nike@NIKE-PC:~/src/libgdiplus-2.10.9$ sudo make install ==============>省略了很多<==============
安装完成。
设置PATH环境变量
nike@NIKE-PC:~/src/mono-3.2.8$ cd ~ nike@NIKE-PC:~$ vim .bashrc
在该文件末尾追加以下语句： export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/mono-3.2.8/lib 然后：
nike@NIKE-PC:~$ . .bashrc nike@NIKE-PC:~$ echo $LD_LIBRARY_PATH /opt/mono-3.2.8/lib nike@NIKE-PC:~$
验证libgdiplus是否安装成功
nike@NIKE-PC:~$ cd Desktop/ nike@NIKE-PC:~/Desktop$ mono FormsTest.exe
运行成功。