[leetcode] word ladder II

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http://leetcode.com/onlinejudge#question_126

Q:

Given two words (start and end), and a dictionary, find all shortest transformation sequence(s) from start to end, such that:

    Only one letter can be changed at a time
    Each intermediate word must exist in the dictionary

For example,

Given:
start = "hit"
end = "cog"
dict = ["hot","dot","dog","lot","log"]

Return

  [
    ["hit","hot","dot","dog","cog"],
    ["hit","hot","lot","log","cog"]
  ]

Note:

    All words have the same length.
    All words contain only lowercase alphabetic characters.

One test case seems wrong:

"hot", "dog", ["hot","dog"]

Solution:

If you use DFS you will get "Exceed Time Limit" error and fail. Solved with BFS.

package word_ladder2;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;



public class Solution {
    public ArrayList> findLadders(String start, String end, HashSet dict) {
        
        // Start typing your Java solution below
        // DO NOT write main() function              
        
        HashMap> neighbours = new HashMap>();
        
        dict.add(start);
        dict.add(end);
        
        // init adjacent graph        
        for(String str : dict){
            calcNeighbours(neighbours, str, dict);
        }
        
        ArrayList> result = new ArrayList>();
        
        // BFS search queue
        LinkedList queue = new LinkedList();
        queue.add(new Node(null, start, 1));
        
        // BFS level
        int previousLevel = 0;
        
        // mark which nodes have been visited, to break infinite loop
        HashMap visited = new HashMap(); 
        while(!queue.isEmpty()){
            Node n = queue.pollFirst();            
            if(end.equals(n.str)){ 
                // fine one path, check its length, if longer than previous path it's valid
                // otherwise all possible short path have been found, should stop
                if(previousLevel == 0 || n.level == previousLevel){
                    previousLevel = n.level;
                    findPath(n, result);                    
                }else {
                    // all path with length *previousLevel* have been found
                    break;
                }                
            }else {
                HashSet set = neighbours.get(n.str);                 
                
                if(set == null || set.isEmpty()) continue;
                // note: I'm not using simple for(String s: set) here. This is to avoid hashset's
                // current modification exception.
                ArrayList toRemove = new ArrayList();
                for (String s : set) {
                    
                    // if s has been visited before at a smaller level, there is already a shorter 
                    // path from start to s thus we should ignore s so as to break infinite loop; if 
                    // on the same level, we still need to put it into queue.
                    if(visited.containsKey(s)){
                        Integer occurLevel = visited.get(s);
                        if(n.level+1 > occurLevel){
                            neighbours.get(s).remove(n.str);
                            toRemove.add(s);
                            continue;
                        }
                    }
                    visited.put(s,  n.level+1);
                    queue.add(new Node(n, s, n.level + 1));
                    if(neighbours.containsKey(s))
                        neighbours.get(s).remove(n.str);
                }
                for(String s: toRemove){
                    set.remove(s);
                }
            }
        }

        return result;
    }
    
    public void findPath(Node n, ArrayList> result){
        ArrayList path = new ArrayList();
        Node p = n;
        while(p != null){
            path.add(0, p.str);
            p = p.parent; 
        }
        result.add(path);
    }

    /*
     * complexity: O(26*str.length*dict.size)=O(L*N)
     */
    void calcNeighbours(HashMap> neighbours, String str, HashSet dict) {
        int length = str.length();
        char [] chars = str.toCharArray();
        for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
            
            char old = chars[i]; 
            for (char c = 'a'; c <= 'z'; c++) {

                if (c == old)  continue;
                chars[i] = c;
                String newstr = new String(chars);                
                
                if (dict.contains(newstr)) {
                    HashSet set = neighbours.get(str);
                    if (set != null) {
                        set.add(newstr);
                    } else {
                        HashSet newset = new HashSet();
                        newset.add(newstr);
                        neighbours.put(str, newset);
                    }
                }                
            }
            chars[i] = old;
        }
    }
    
    private class Node {
        public Node parent;
        public String str;
        public int level;
        public Node(Node p, String s, int l){
            parent = p;
            str = s;
            level = l;
        }
    }
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
       
        HashSet dict = new HashSet();
        String start, end;
        start = "hot";
        end = "dog"; 
        String []d3 = {"hot", "dog"};
        List> result;
        dict.clear();
        for(String s: d3){
            dict.add(s);
        }
        Solution solution = new Solution();
        result = solution.findLadders(start, end, dict);
        for(ArrayList ary : result){
            System.out.println(ary.toString());
            System.out.println(ary.size());
        }
        
        start = "a";
        end = "c"; 
        String []d4 = {"a", "b", "c"};
        dict.clear();
        for(String s: d4){
            dict.add(s);
        }
        result = solution.findLadders(start, end, dict);
        for(ArrayList ary : result){
            System.out.println(ary.toString());
            System.out.println(ary.size());
        }
        
        
        start = "raining";
        end = "cellini";
        String [] d = {"heaping","conning","nipping","wadding","pulling","lunging","figging","donning","jamming","coating","foaling","ousting","dowsing","busting","penning","lapping","yanking","sapping","tasking","rigging","ranking","larking","farming","dunging","nutting","gouging","barfing","fasting","belting","boiling","boating","dipping","kilning","barking","furling","calving","veiling","decking","ricking","salting","lucking","sending","taiping","marking","martina","warping","bulking","seaming","topping","larding","jilting","besting","weeding","nesting","baiting","jibbing","pelting","bushing","garbing","banting","keeping","venting","rapping","binning","mulling","smiting","hatting","tapping","writing","footing","carding","ratting","bagging","sitting","dousing","pinking","testing","passing","gelling","gassing","ranging","hefting","vamping","wetting","paining","rolling","sinking","yakking","shaking","nabbing","licking","sparing","hamming","celling","halving","matting","landing","kooking","pinning","hagging","narking","soaping","winding","dealing","earring","cunning","moating","skiting","jutting","fueling","hooping","guiling","mapping","hailing","gutting","firming","bunting","mealing","rending","jobbing","pauling","foiling","peeking","rollins","lansing","felling","whiting","vealing","resting","saltine","earning","purging","mullins","pausing","colling","banning","wasting","sealing","gigging","scaring","pocking","massing","curring","storing","dinging","handing","pitting","faining","cupping","staring","riffing","gowning","hipping","vanning","darting","maiming","damping","deaning","bellini","kipling","marting","hawking","fending","kicking","beading","curving","wending","yelling","foaming","rifting","surging","gaining","stoking","panging","winking","nursing","oinking","looking","tolling","bailing","tanking","hacking","warming","cooping","wanting","rotting","kinking","bugging","purling","wincing","joining","belling","wilting","tensing","fellini","wilding","binding","bugling","sagging","nagging","binging","tatting","cellini","silting","belying","ripping","crating","slaking","killing","hurting","running","harming","banding","rinking","staying","touting","hasting","melting","nibbing","talking","ganging","bonging","rilling","damning","pooling","porting","sinning","collins","barbing","bunking","smiling","hanging","tending","bulging","ginning","coiling","lolling","molting","letting","mending","hinging","gunning","melding","dilling","shaving","harping","basting","cobbing","carting","leading","styling","fowling","goading","yowling","zipping","wagging","gaoling","panning","valving","peeling","titling","sailing","harding","parring","haloing","quiting","punting","reeling","batting","signing","pegging","bogging","mashing","rankine","seeding","sassing","wafting","winging","framing","rooting","longing","sabling","bulbing","whiling","balking","canting","dashing","dueling","renting","booting","whaling","vatting","veining","fencing","yucking","slaving","welling","sunning","lulling","purring","dawning","sensing","meaning","wording","hogging","parsing","falling","yelping","dinning","vetting","hulling","reading","lapsing","tooling","hoaxing","roiling","forming","ramming","gelding","felting","popping","walling","costing","welding","washing","filling","lasting","couping","cabling","getting","winning","carping","martins","bilking","burning","jelling","sicking","tinting","ceiling","totting","balding","kenning","tinging","hugging","westing","burring","pasting","pecking","parking","slaying","pigging","heating","manning","bucking","bussing","gagging","goaling","rowling","netting","funking","pitying","jarring","tasting","putting","beating","funding","mauling","balling","molding","shining","perkins","dialing","panting","looping","welting","relying","dulling","dumping","tanning","warring","gatling","staging","finding","farting","petting","picking","swaying","toiling","jambing","bawling","minting","wedding","hulking","keeling","nanking","railing","heading","cutting","gosling","vesting","sighing","mucking","copping","polling","raising","fooling","hooting","titting","calming","seating","rifling","soiling","dubbing","jesting","posting","sacking","corking","yipping","lathing","bopping","setting","coaxing","poshing","fawning","heeling","warning","napping","vending","mooting","hurling","supping","nanjing","pipping","tagging","mopping","souping","palming","gulling","kirking","gilding","docking","wefting","dusting","sharing","darling","bowling","lauding","bidding","hopping","honking","hunting","pepping","busying","damming","patting","hitting","gusting","jigging","gabbing","hosting","sidling","telling","rusting","daubing","reining","memling","healing","gashing","betting","lilting","hashing","salving","firring","gabling","ducking","waiving","skating","worming","waiting","burying","booking","corning","suiting","hooking","gonging","listing","hulaing","sulking","digging","fouling","zincing","cocking","packing","scaling","pooping","zinging","banging","bolling","punning","palling","sipping","bunging","minding","choking","yapping","nicking","warding","gorging","canning","culling","lending","spaying","lashing","pupping","fanning","banking","pinging","roaming","sopping","fonding","searing","fucking","rooking","tooting","raining","billing","pulsing","curbing","cashing","calking","harking","tarring","tacking","whining","tarting","pauline","rasping","howling","helling","curling","pucking","hauling","coaling","lopping","mailing","wailing","lugging","ticking","staving","snaking","selling","masking","jabbing","mewling","heaving","soaring","fagging","cording","begging","ridging","jetting","backing","dotting","lacking","parting","jotting","dunning","tinning","stiling","stating","zapping","hearing","fitting","barging","galling","wigging","feeding","tenting","looting","cabbing","cursing","dunking","dabbing","ragging","bedding","witting","pouting","burping","slating","tamping","basking","failing","papping","narcing","lancing","furlong","tabling","dolling","tailing","pawning","collies","lamming","coifing","bolting","sucking","rafting","morning","ranting","tabbing","rinding","bandung","bashing","bending","ducting","casting","camping","flaming","hinting","sanding","carving","lagging","helping","keening","jolting","temping","junking","manging","dimming","ringing","tipping","spiking","malling","pursing","soaking","willing","fulling","causing","jacking","furring","singing","halting","tucking","ruining","denting","calling","barring","fopping","yawning","tilling","nilling","downing","cooling","martini","budging","lapwing","mincing","rinsing","cowling","marring","coining","sibling","potting","tauting","bulling","lurking","sorting","poohing","bathing","spicing","nailing","spiting","racking","lusting","rutting","gulping","tilting","pairing","peaking","capping","gobbing","finking"};
        dict.clear();
        for(String s: d){
            dict.add(s);
        }
        
        result = solution.findLadders(start, end, dict);
        for(ArrayList ary : result){
            System.out.println(ary.toString());
            System.out.println(ary.size());
        }
        
        start = "nanny";
        end = "aloud"; 
        String []d2 = 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        dict.clear();
        for(String s: d2){
            dict.add(s);
        }
        result = solution.findLadders(start, end, dict);
        for(ArrayList ary : result){
            System.out.println(ary.toString());
            System.out.println(ary.size());
        }
        
    }
}