环境：ubuntu 16.04 LTS server
ip地址：192.168.159.3
需要文件：ubuntu-server-16.04.2-LTS.ISO
目的：通过pxe安装方式实现自动安装
步骤：
一、修改文件打开数
主要在 /etc/security/limits.conf中添加如下参数
* soft nofile 1048576
* hard nofile 1048576
root soft nofile 1048576
root hard nofile 1048576
* soft nproc 80480
* hard nproc 80960
root soft nproc 80480
root hard nproc 80960
二、修改安装相应的主机tfpd、dhcp server、http server和dns 服务器
sudo apt-get install -y isc-dhcp-server tftpd-hpa tftp-hpa apache2 bind9
1、配置dhcp server 文件位置 /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf ，内容如下
subnet 192.168.159.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
range 192.168.159.4 192.168.159.100;
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
option routers 192.168.159.2;
option broadcast-address 192.168.159.255;
default-lease-time 600;
max-lease-time 7200;
filename "pxelinux.0";
next-Server 192.168.159.3;
}
2、配置DNS
在/etc/bind/named.conf.local 添加如下
zone "ubuntu.com" {
type master;
file "/etc/bind/db.ubuntu";
};
添加新的文件 /etc/bind/db.ubuntu
$TTL 604800
@ IN SOA localhost. root.localhost. (
1 ; Serial
604800 ; Refresh
86400 ; Retry
2419200 ; Expire
604800 ) ; Negative Cache TTL
;
@ IN NS localhost.
*.archive.ubuntu.com. IN A 192.168.159.3
3.配置http server建议使用apache，原因是只要一个iso文件就全ok了，可以不依赖网络
（原先使用的nginx，总脚本中注销了nginx，如使用nginx的请注释掉apache的并参考总脚本，这里以apache为准）
apache配置，文件位置/etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf，执行下面的脚本
sudo sed -i 's?/var/www/html?/var/lib/tftpboot/Ubuntu/16.04/amd64/?g' /etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf
sudo sed -i 13i"\
sudo sed -i 14i"\ Options Indexes" /etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf
sudo sed -i 15i"\ AllowOverride All" /etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf
sudo sed -i 16i"\ Allow from all" /etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf
sudo sed -i 17i"\ Require all granted" /etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf
sudo sed -i 18i"\ " /etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf
4、配置tftpd
修改配置文件/etc/default/tftpd-hpa，执行如下脚本
sudo bash -c "echo RUN_DAEMON=\"yes\" >> /etc/default/tftpd-hpa"
sudo sed -i 's?/srv/tftp?/var/lib/tftpboot?g' /etc/default/tftpd-hpa
sudo sed -i '2iTFTP_OPTIONS="-s -l"' /etc/default/tftpd-hpa
5、配置pxe相关，下载ubuntu最新的iso，这里以16.04.2为示例，复制相应的文件
sudo mkdir -p /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg
sudo mkdir -p /var/lib/tftpboot/Ubuntu/16.04/amd64/
sudo mount -o loop ubuntu-16.04.2-server-amd64.iso /mnt
sudo cp -av /mnt/* /var/lib/tftpboot/Ubuntu/16.04/amd64/
sudo cp -av /var/lib/tftpboot/Ubuntu/16.04/amd64/install/netboot/ubuntu-installer/amd64/* /var/lib/tftpboot/
sudo cp -f /var/lib/tftpboot/boot-screens/ldlinux.c32 /var/lib/tftpboot/
添加pxe启动菜单
sudo bash -c 'cat > /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default << EOF
# D-I config version 2.0
# search path for the c32 support libraries (libcom32, libutil etc.)
default install
label install
menu label ^Install Ubuntu Server
menu default
kernel linux
append vga=788 ks=http://192.168.159.3/ks.cfg initrd=initrd.gz live-installer/net-image=http://192.168.159.3/install/filesystem.squashfs --- quiet
path boot-screens
include boot-screens/menu.cfg
default boot-screens/vesamenu.c32
prompt 0
timeout 1
EOF'
添加自应答的ks.cfg,并复制到http的根目录下（自应答请参考总脚本，这里就不写了）
6、重启相关服务，开启对应的主机并以pxe启动，没有意外就会自动安装，无需人工干预
总脚本如下：
#!/bin/bash
if [ `grep -vE "#|^$" /etc/security/limits.conf|wc -l` -eq 0 ];then
sudo bash -c 'cat >> /etc/security/limits.conf <
* soft nofile 1048576
* hard nofile 1048576
root soft nofile 1048576
root hard nofile 1048576
* soft nproc 80480
* hard nproc 80960
root soft nproc 80480
root hard nproc 80960
EOF'
fi
sudo mkdir -p /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg
sudo mkdir -p /var/lib/tftpboot/Ubuntu/16.04/amd64/
sudo mount -o loop ubuntu-16.04.2-server-amd64.iso /mnt
sudo cp -av /mnt/* /var/lib/tftpboot/Ubuntu/16.04/amd64/
sudo bash -c " echo 'deb file:///var/lib/tftpboot/Ubuntu/16.04/amd64/ xenial main ' >/etc/apt/sources.list"
sudo apt-get update
#sudo apt-get install -y isc-dhcp-server tftpd-hpa tftp-hpa nginx bind9 --allow-unauthenticated
sudo apt-get install -y isc-dhcp-server tftpd-hpa tftp-hpa apache2 bind9 --allow-unauthenticated
sudo mkdir -p /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg
sudo mkdir -p /var/lib/tftpboot/Ubuntu/16.04/amd64/
sudo cp -av /var/lib/tftpboot/Ubuntu/16.04/amd64/install/netboot/ubuntu-installer/amd64/* /var/lib/tftpboot/
sudo cp -f /var/lib/tftpboot/boot-screens/ldlinux.c32 /var/lib/tftpboot/
##nginx config
#if [ `grep "autoindex on;" /etc/nginx/nginx.conf|wc -l` -eq 0 ];then
#sudo sed -i 16i'autoindex on;' /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
#sudo sed -i "16s/^/\t/g" /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
#fi
#sudo sed -i 36c'root /var/lib/tftpboot/Ubuntu/16.04/amd64;' /etc/nginx/sites-available/default
#sudo sed -i "36s/^/\t/g" /etc/nginx/sites-available/default
#sudo service nginx restart
#apache2 config
if [ `grep "" /etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf|wc -l` -eq 0 ];then
sudo sed -i 's?/var/www/html?/var/lib/tftpboot/Ubuntu/16.04/amd64/?g' /etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf
sudo sed -i 13i"\
sudo sed -i 14i"\ Options Indexes" /etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf
sudo sed -i 15i"\ AllowOverride All" /etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf
sudo sed -i 16i"\ Allow from all" /etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf
sudo sed -i 17i"\ Require all granted" /etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf
sudo sed -i 18i"\ " /etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf
fi
sudo systemctl restart apache2.service
#dhcp config
if [ `grep "pxelinux.0" /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf|wc -l` -eq 0 ];then
sudo bash -c ' cat >> /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf <
subnet 192.168.159.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
range 192.168.159.4 192.168.159.100;
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
option routers 192.168.159.2;
option broadcast-address 192.168.159.255;
default-lease-time 600;
max-lease-time 7200;
filename "pxelinux.0";
next-Server 192.168.159.3;
}
EOF'
sudo sed -i 's?ns1.example.org, ns2.example.org?192.168.159.3?g' /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
sudo sed -i '16s?example.org?ubuntu.com?g' /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
fi
sudo systemctl restart isc-dhcp-server.service
#dns config
if [ `grep "ubuntu.com" /etc/bind/named.conf.local|wc -l` -eq 0 ];then
sudo bash -c ' cat >> /etc/bind/named.conf.local <
zone "ubuntu.com" {
type master;
file "/etc/bind/db.ubuntu";
};
EOF'
sudo bash -c ' cat >> /etc/bind/db.ubuntu <
$TTL 604800
@ IN SOA localhost. root.localhost. (
1 ; Serial
604800 ; Refresh
86400 ; Retry
2419200 ; Expire
604800 ) ; Negative Cache TTL
;
@ IN NS localhost.
*.archive.ubuntu.com. IN A 192.168.159.3
EOF'
fi
sudo systemctl restart bind9.service
#pxe menu
sudo bash -c 'cat > /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default << EOF
# D-I config version 2.0
# search path for the c32 support libraries (libcom32, libutil etc.)
default install
label install
menu label ^Install Ubuntu Server
menu default
kernel linux
append vga=788 ks=http://192.168.159.3/ks.cfg initrd=initrd.gz live-installer/net-image=http://192.168.159.3/install/filesystem.squashfs --- quiet
path boot-screens
include boot-screens/menu.cfg
default boot-screens/vesamenu.c32
prompt 0
timeout 1
EOF'
#tftpd config
if [ `grep RUN_DAEMON /etc/default/tftpd-hpa|wc -l` -eq 0 ];then
sudo bash -c "echo RUN_DAEMON=\"yes\" >> /etc/default/tftpd-hpa"
sudo sed -i 's?/srv/tftp?/var/lib/tftpboot?g' /etc/default/tftpd-hpa
sudo sed -i '2iTFTP_OPTIONS="-s -l"' /etc/default/tftpd-hpa
fi
sudo systemctl restart tftpd-hpa.service
#ks.cfg
sudo bash -c 'cat > /var/lib/tftpboot/Ubuntu/16.04/amd64/ks.cfg <
#Generated by Kickstart Configurator
#platform=AMD64 or Intel EM64T
#System language
lang en_US
#Language modules to install
langsupport en_US
#System keyboard
keyboard us
#System mouse
mouse
#System timezone
timezone Asia/Shanghai
#Root password
rootpw --disabled
#Initial user ;password 1234sdn
user sdn --fullname "sdn" --iscrypted --password --iscrypted --password $1$XqeCxFK2$pL1zPjo2TaArGGJGAIUDK.
#Reboot after installation
reboot
#Use text mode install
text
#Install OS instead of upgrade
install
#Use Web installation
url --url http://192.168.159.3/
#System bootloader configuration
bootloader --location=mbr
#Clear the Master Boot Record
zerombr yes
#Partition clearing information
clearpart --all --initlabel
#Disk partitioning information
part /boot --fstype ext2 --size 500
part pv.01 --size=1 --grow
volgroup sdn_vg pv.01
logvol swap --vgname=sdn_vg --name=lv_swap --size=2048
logvol / --vgname=sdn_vg --fstype ext4 --size=1 --grow --name=lv_root
#System authorization infomation
auth --useshadow --enablemd5
#Network information
network --bootproto=dhcp --nameserver=192.168.159.3 --noipv6 --activate --device=eth0 --onboot=on
#Firewall configuration
firewall --disabled
# packages/groups
%packages
openssh-server
EOF'
sudo chmod -R 777 /var/lib/tftpboot