Docker 搭建 MySQL 详解

1> 获取镜像 : 直接从 Docker Hub 上拉取 MySQL

在 Docker Hub 或者 Docker Store 上搜索 MySQL 官方版

使用相应的 pull 指令拉取 MySQL 镜像

$ docker pull mysql

2> 创建数据和日志目录，以及 mysql 配置文件

# 创建存储目录

$ cd /opt/datas/docker

$ mkdir mysql mysqlconf

# 创建配置文件，相关的配置文件是直接从 Docker MySQL 镜像中直接拷贝下来的

$ cd mysqlconf

# 该文件可加可不加

$ vi docker.cnf

[mysqld]

skip-host-cache

skip-name-resolve

# 该文件有 character-set-server=utf8 collation-server=utf8_general_ci 两个选项，用于设置数据字符为 UTF8

$ vi mysql.cnf

# Copyright (c) 2015, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

#

# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify

# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by

# the Free Software Foundation; version 2 of the License.

#

# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,

# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of

# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the

# GNU General Public License for more details.

#

# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License

# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software

# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301 USA

#

# The MySQL  Client configuration file.

#

# For explanations see

# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/server-system-variables.html

[client]

default-character-set=utf8

[mysql]

default-character-set=utf8

[mysqld]

character-set-server=utf8

collation-server=utf8_general_ci

3> 运行 MySQL 容器

$ docker run -d --name mysql -v /opt/datas/docker/mysql:/var/lib/mysql -v /opt/datas/docker/mysqlconf:/etc/mysql/conf.d -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -p 3306:3306 mysql --character-set-server=utf8 --collation-server=utf8_general_ci

d (detach) : 后台运行

--name : 为你的镜像创建一个别名，该别名用于更好操作

-p : 映射端口，一般会将默认端口进行更改，避免与本机的 mysql端口冲突，如果你宿主机有mysql，请更改端口，如 -p 33060:3306

-e : 环境变量，为 mysql 的 root 用户设置密码为123456

-v : 指定数据卷，意思就是将 mysql 容器中的 /var/lib/mysql (这个是数据库所有数据信息文件) 映射到宿主机 /Users/mew/Desktop/AllMyFile/Data/Docker/mysql 里面，这样就不会出现容器删除后数据也跟着删除

--character-set-server 和 --collation-server : 是通过字符集修改数据库编码，上面是 utf8 如果想使用 utf8mb4 字符可以使用如下参数 --character-set-server=utf8mb4 --collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci

4> 进入到 mysql 容器中

$ docker exec -it mysql /bin/bash

-i (interactive) : 交互界面

-t (tty) : 伪终端界面

$ docker exec -it mysql /bin/bash

# mysql -uroot -p

Enter password:

Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 2

Server version: 5.7.21 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;

+--------------------+

| Database           |

+--------------------+

| information_schema |

| mysql              |

| performance_schema |

| sys                |

+--------------------+

4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

此时也可以使用 Navicate Premium 连接 MySQL

查看 user 表中的信息

mysql> use mysql;

Reading table information for completion of table and column names

You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed

mysql> select * from user\G

*************************** 1. row ***************************

                  Host: localhost

                  User: root

           Select_priv: Y

           Insert_priv: Y

           Update_priv: Y

           Delete_priv: Y

           Create_priv: Y

             Drop_priv: Y

           Reload_priv: Y

         Shutdown_priv: Y

          Process_priv: Y

             File_priv: Y

            Grant_priv: Y

       References_priv: Y

            Index_priv: Y

            Alter_priv: Y

          Show_db_priv: Y

            Super_priv: Y

Create_tmp_table_priv: Y

      Lock_tables_priv: Y

          Execute_priv: Y

       Repl_slave_priv: Y

      Repl_client_priv: Y

      Create_view_priv: Y

        Show_view_priv: Y

   Create_routine_priv: Y

    Alter_routine_priv: Y

      Create_user_priv: Y

            Event_priv: Y

          Trigger_priv: Y

Create_tablespace_priv: Y

              ssl_type:

            ssl_cipher:

           x509_issuer:

          x509_subject:

         max_questions: 0

           max_updates: 0

       max_connections: 0

  max_user_connections: 0

                plugin: mysql_native_password

authentication_string: *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9

      password_expired: N

password_last_changed: 2018-03-08 15:21:47

     password_lifetime: NULL

        account_locked: N

*************************** 2. row ***************************

                  Host: localhost

                  User: mysql.session

           Select_priv: N

           Insert_priv: N

           Update_priv: N

           Delete_priv: N

           Create_priv: N

             Drop_priv: N

           Reload_priv: N

         Shutdown_priv: N

          Process_priv: N

             File_priv: N

            Grant_priv: N

       References_priv: N

            Index_priv: N

            Alter_priv: N

          Show_db_priv: N

            Super_priv: Y

Create_tmp_table_priv: N

      Lock_tables_priv: N

          Execute_priv: N

       Repl_slave_priv: N

      Repl_client_priv: N

      Create_view_priv: N

        Show_view_priv: N

   Create_routine_priv: N

    Alter_routine_priv: N

      Create_user_priv: N

            Event_priv: N

          Trigger_priv: N

Create_tablespace_priv: N

              ssl_type:

            ssl_cipher:

           x509_issuer:

          x509_subject:

         max_questions: 0

           max_updates: 0

       max_connections: 0

  max_user_connections: 0

                plugin: mysql_native_password

authentication_string: *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE

      password_expired: N

password_last_changed: 2018-03-08 15:21:42

     password_lifetime: NULL

        account_locked: Y

*************************** 3. row ***************************

                  Host: localhost

                  User: mysql.sys

           Select_priv: N

           Insert_priv: N

           Update_priv: N

           Delete_priv: N

           Create_priv: N

             Drop_priv: N

           Reload_priv: N

         Shutdown_priv: N

          Process_priv: N

             File_priv: N

            Grant_priv: N

       References_priv: N

            Index_priv: N

            Alter_priv: N

          Show_db_priv: N

            Super_priv: N

Create_tmp_table_priv: N

      Lock_tables_priv: N

          Execute_priv: N

       Repl_slave_priv: N

      Repl_client_priv: N

      Create_view_priv: N

        Show_view_priv: N

   Create_routine_priv: N

    Alter_routine_priv: N

      Create_user_priv: N

            Event_priv: N

          Trigger_priv: N

Create_tablespace_priv: N

              ssl_type:

            ssl_cipher:

           x509_issuer:

          x509_subject:

         max_questions: 0

           max_updates: 0

       max_connections: 0

  max_user_connections: 0

                plugin: mysql_native_password

authentication_string: *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE

      password_expired: N

password_last_changed: 2018-03-08 15:21:42

     password_lifetime: NULL

        account_locked: Y

*************************** 4. row ***************************

                  Host: %

                  User: root

           Select_priv: Y

           Insert_priv: Y

           Update_priv: Y

           Delete_priv: Y

           Create_priv: Y

             Drop_priv: Y

           Reload_priv: Y

         Shutdown_priv: Y

          Process_priv: Y

             File_priv: Y

            Grant_priv: Y

       References_priv: Y

            Index_priv: Y

            Alter_priv: Y

          Show_db_priv: Y

            Super_priv: Y

Create_tmp_table_priv: Y

      Lock_tables_priv: Y

          Execute_priv: Y

       Repl_slave_priv: Y

      Repl_client_priv: Y

      Create_view_priv: Y

        Show_view_priv: Y

   Create_routine_priv: Y

    Alter_routine_priv: Y

      Create_user_priv: Y

            Event_priv: Y

          Trigger_priv: Y

Create_tablespace_priv: Y

              ssl_type:

            ssl_cipher:

           x509_issuer:

          x509_subject:

         max_questions: 0

           max_updates: 0

       max_connections: 0

  max_user_connections: 0

                plugin: mysql_native_password

authentication_string: *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9

      password_expired: N

password_last_changed: 2018-03-08 15:21:47

     password_lifetime: NULL

        account_locked: N

4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

ERROR:

No query specified

此时 MySQL 只能通过 localhost 进行访问，可以创建新用户来访问 MySQL ，此处为测试环境直接修改让root 用户能被所有 IP 访问

mysql> grant all on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by '123456';     

查看容器的访问地址

# docker inspect mysql | grep IPAddress

            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,

            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",

                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",