就是这么简单!使用Rest-assured 测试Restful Web Services

使用 Rest-assured 测试 Restful Web Services 

转载注明出处: http://www.cnblogs.com/wade-xu/p/4298819.html 

 

这里向大家介绍一个测试Restful web service 的框架,叫Rest-assured.

他提供了一系列好的功能,像DSL式的语法, XPath-Validate,  文件上传,Specification重用, 使用代理, Spring MVC mock module测试Controllers等等,让你在Java里面测试Rest service 和那些动态语言Ruby, Groovy一样灵活。

 

目录
       1. 前提
       2. 配置
       3. Example详解
       4. Troubleshooting
       5. 参考来源

 

前提条件


  • JDK >= 1.6
  • Maven 3

 

配置Maven工程pom文件如下



  com.jayway.restassured
  rest-assured
  2.3.3
  test


  junit
  junit
  4.10
  test

 

Example


 a)  测试一个GET 请求方法,

请求URL : http://10.46.28.193:8080/service/v1/user/login

返回JSON内容如下

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{
    "userInfo": {
        "password": null,
        "userId": "wadexu",
        "accessSecurityCodes": "10000000000000000000",
        "firstName": "Wade",
        "lastName": "Xu",
        "status": 8,
        "officePhone": "58730",
        "email": "[email protected]",
        "homePhone": "123"
    },
    "success": true,
    "error": null
}
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测试代码如下:

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  @Before
    public void setUp() {
        RestAssured.baseURI= "http://10.46.28.193";
        RestAssured.port = 8080;
        RestAssured.basePath = "/service/v1";
    }

    @Test
    public void testUserLogin() {
      expect().
        statusCode(200).
        body(
          "success", equalTo(true),
          "userInfo.userId", equalTo("wadexu"),
          "userInfo.firstName", equalTo("Wade"),
          "userInfo.lastName", equalTo("Xu"),
          "error", equalTo(null)).
        when().
        get("/user/login?userName=wadexu&password=NzrmRcIfIW4=");
    }
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注意我这里请求时的参数直接塞进了URL里, 稍后会讲到如何指明参数。

 

b) 如何使用JSON path

还是同上面的例子, 测试代码如下:

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@Test
    public void testUserLogin_JsonPath() {
        Response response = get("/user/login?userName=wadexu&password=NzrmRcIfIW4=");
        assertEquals(200, response.getStatusCode());
        String json = response.asString();
        JsonPath jp = new JsonPath(json);
        assertEquals("wadexu", jp.get("userInfo.userId"));
        assertEquals("Wade", jp.get("userInfo.firstName"));
        assertEquals("Xu", jp.get("userInfo.lastName"));
        assertEquals("123", jp.get("userInfo.homePhone"));
    }
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c) 如何使用参数

Get请求是用queryParam, 如果你直接写param,在这个case里也可以,Rest Assured 会自动判断参数类型(query or form parameter), 在有些case里, Put 或 Post 你得指明参数类型

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    @Test
    public void testUserLogin_Parameter() {
        final String userName = "wadexu";
        final String password = "NzrmRcIfIW4=";

        given().
        queryParam("userName", userName).queryParam("password", password).
                expect().
                statusCode(200).
                body("success", equalTo(true), 
                      "userInfo.userId", equalTo("wadexu"), 
                      "userInfo.firstName", equalTo("Wade"), 
                      "userInfo.lastName", equalTo("Xu"), 
                      "error", equalTo(null)).when()
                .get("/user/login");
    }
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另外,有些Post 请求URL后面是有参数的, 这时候 你可以这样写

post("/reserve/{hotelId}/{roomNumber}", "My Hotel", 23);

 

或者

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given().
        pathParam("hotelId", "My Hotel").
        pathParam("roomNumber", 23).
when(). 
        post("/reserve/{hotelId}/{roomNumber}").
then().
         ..
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d) 再来看一个POST 请求, 这时候需要请求消息体body了,request body是JSON体如下:


"customerId": "CDICC",
"broker": "test",
"editUserId": "wadexu"
}

 

测试代码:

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    @Test
    public void testCreate() {
        final String bodyString = "{\"customerId\": \"CDICC\",\"broker\": \"test\",\"editUserId\": \"wadexu\"}";
       
        given().
        contentType("application/json").
        request().body(bodyString).
        expect().
          statusCode(200).
          body(
          "order.orderNumber", is(Number.class),
          "order.deleteDate", is(nullValue()),
          "success", equalTo(true)).
        when().
        post("/order");
    }
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这时除了用到request().body 

还多加了一个header 请求消息头 -- ContentType

set Headers 的方法有很多, 上面是其一, 你还可以按如下方式做:

given().header("Content-Type", "application/json")
given().headers("Accept", "application/json", "Content-Type", "application/json")
 

另外 注意到期望结果的比较没有, 这里用到org.hamcrest.Matchers的一些方法, 因为Order number 每次不一样,无法判断具体是多少,所以就看是否是数字就行了,删除日期是null value

hamcrest.Matchers 里的各种匹配器有兴趣的童鞋可以研究下, 对测试断言很有帮助。

 

转载注明出处: http://www.cnblogs.com/wade-xu/p/4298819.html 

 

e) 同样你还可以verify HTTP Status code

因为我这个service是需要Content-Type=application/json的, 而我的case里并没有赋值给contentType, 所以返回会报错 415

The server refused this request because the request entity is in a format not supported by the requested resource for the requested method.

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 @Test
    public void testOpenOrder_error() {
        final String orderNumber = "3017";
        final String orderVersion = "1";
        final String versionType = "";
        final String editUserId = "";
        final String customerId = "";
        final String state = "";
       
        given().
        parameters(
            "orderNumber", orderNumber,
            "orderVersion", orderVersion,
            "versionType", versionType,
            "editUserId", editUserId,
            "customerId", customerId,
            "state", state).
        expect().
          statusCode(415).
        when().
        post("/order/open");
    }
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f) Cookies 其实都大同小异了

第一个没有set cookie 结果抛 403

"name":"Forbidden",
"detail":"The request was a legal request, but the server is refusing to respond to it. Unlike a 401 Unauthorized response, authenticating will make no difference."

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@Test
public void testCookie() {
  expect().
    statusCode(403).
  when().
  get("/access");
 
  given().
    cookie("userName", "wadexu").
  expect().
    statusCode(200).
  when().
  get("/access");
}
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g) Authentication

如果你的service需要认证,则需要设置authentication()

否则401 -- Unauthorized

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@Test
public void testAuthentication() {
  expect().
    statusCode(401).
  when().
  get("/service/user");
 
  expect().
    statusCode(200).
  when().
    with().
      authentication().basic("wadexu", "123456").
  get("/service/user");
}
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 H) Specification reuse 规范重用

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 @Test
    public void testSpecReuse() {
        
        ResponseSpecBuilder builder = new ResponseSpecBuilder();
        builder.expectStatusCode(200);
        builder.expectBody("userInfo.userId", equalTo("wadexu"));
        builder.expectBody("userInfo.firstName", equalTo("Wade"));
        builder.expectBody("userInfo.lastName", equalTo("Xu"));
        builder.expectBody("success", equalTo(true));
        ResponseSpecification responseSpec = builder.build();
        
        //use this specification for test example -- a
        expect().
          spec(responseSpec).
        when().
        get("/user/login?userName=wadexu&password=NzrmRcIfIW4=");
        
        //now re-use for another example -- c that returns similar data 
        given().
            queryParam("userName", "wadexu").
            queryParam("password", "NzrmRcIfIW4=").
        expect().
            spec(responseSpec).
        when().
        get("/user/login");
    }
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如果你还有更多的测试,返回期望结果又类似 则可以继续使用 specification, 达到重用的目的。

 

转载注明出处: http://www.cnblogs.com/wade-xu/p/4298819.html 

 

测试运行结果如下(不包含上面每一个用例):

 就是这么简单!使用Rest-assured 测试Restful Web Services_第1张图片

 

Troubleshooting


有些类需要Static imports

参考我的如下:

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import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import static org.junit.Assert.*;

import com.jayway.restassured.RestAssured;
import com.jayway.restassured.builder.ResponseSpecBuilder;
import com.jayway.restassured.path.json.JsonPath;
import com.jayway.restassured.response.Response;
import com.jayway.restassured.specification.ResponseSpecification;

import static com.jayway.restassured.RestAssured.*;

import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.equalTo;
import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.*;
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设置好你的请求url 路径, 默认http://localhost:8080

参考我的base path(即所以请求url 前面相同的部分) 配置如下:

@Before
    public void setUp() {
        RestAssured.baseURI= "http://10.46.28.193";
        RestAssured.port = 8080;
        RestAssured.basePath = "/service/v1";
    }

 

“WARNING: Cannot find parser for content-type: text/json — using default parser.”

– 需要注册相关的parser: e.g. RestAssured.registerParser(“text/json”, Parser.JSON);

 

参考来源


官方文档:https://code.google.com/p/rest-assured/

 

 

Teaching is learning.

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