VSCode + CMake编译C/C++教程

路线图

• [x] 所需MSYS包安装
• [x] VSCode插件和环境配置
• [x] GCC平台编译
• [ ] MSVC CL平台编译

目的

1. 在Windows平台中继续使用VS Code编写调试C/C++程序
2. 在Windows平台中兼顾gcc的项目编译，减少跨平台错误
3. 避免使用Visual Studio的相应键位，使用VS Code的高效编辑

准备

1. MSYS2(推荐) / MinGW
2. VSCode
3. VSCode 插件 (C/C++, Cmake, Cmake-tools)

路径与环境变量设置

1. MSYS_DIR=C:\msys64
2. MINGW64_DIR=C:\msys64\mingw64
3. 加入Path: %MSYS_DIR%\usr\bin, %MINGW64_DIR%\bin

MSYS安装配置

1. 安装MSYS2

2. 修改MSYS的Server配置，分别在对应文件开头加入如下语句

   # in mirrorlist.msys
   Server = http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/msys2/msys/$arch 
   # in mirrorlist.mingw64
   Server = http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/msys2/mingw/x86_64
   # in mirrorlist.mingw32
   Server = http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/msys2/mingw/i686
   

3. 从MSYS库安装msys/make

4. 安装MinGW库安装gcc、gdb、cmake、make和opencv、boost(可选)等相关组件库

VSCode配置

1. 建立项目文件夹
2. Ctrl+Shift+P -> C/Cpp: Edit Configuration..., 输入如下配置: (若是gcc位置不同，需要自行修改compilerPath和includePath)

   {
        "configurations": [
            {
                "name": "clang",
                "includePath": [
                    "${workspaceFolder}/**",
                    "C:/msys64/mingw64/include"
                ],
                "defines": [
                    "_DEBUG",
                    "UNICODE",
                    "_UNICODE"
                ],
                "compilerPath": "c:/msys64/mingw64/bin/gcc.exe", 
                "cStandard": "c11",
                "cppStandard": "c++17",
                "intelliSenseMode": "clang-x64"
            }
        ],
        "version": 4
    }
   

3. 编写C/C++文件
4. 配置当前Workspace中的C/C++ IntelliSense设置：

   {
        "cmake.configureOnOpen": true,
        "cmake.generator": "MSYS Makefiles",
        "C_Cpp.default.configurationProvider": "vector-of-bool.cmake-tools"
    }
   

5. 在项目根目录下建立CMakeLists.txt,配置项目的主要编译内容(参见文件夹中的三个例子)
6. 在对应的自定义包目录下建立CMakeLists.txt,将对应的子目录声明加入对应的模块
7. 在根目录CMakeLists.txt使用Ctrl+Shift+P -> CMake: Configure来配置项目环境变量
8. Ctrl+Shift+P -> CMake: Build
9. 到对应的build目录下找到对应的可执行文件
10. 配置调试launch.json,参考模板如下:

    {
        // Use IntelliSense to learn about possible attributes.
        // Hover to view descriptions of existing attributes.
        // For more information, visit: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=830387
        "version": "0.2.0",
        "configurations": [
            {
                "name": "(gdb) Launch",
                "type": "cppdbg",
                "request": "launch",
                "program": "${workspaceFolder}/build/cmtst.exe",
                "args": [],
                "stopAtEntry": false,
                "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
                "environment": [],
                "externalConsole": true,
                "MIMode": "gdb",
                "miDebuggerPath": "C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/gdb.exe",
                "setupCommands": [
                    {
                        "description": "Enable pretty-printing for gdb",
                        "text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
                        "ignoreFailures": true
                    }
                ]
            }
        ]
    }
    

代码参考

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