.equ stubs_offset, __vectors_start + 0x200 - __stubs_start
.globl __vectors_start
__vectors_start:
ARM( swi SYS_ERROR0 )
THUMB( svc #0 )
THUMB( nop )
W(b) vector_und + stubs_offset
W(ldr) pc, .LCvswi + stubs_offset
W(b) vector_pabt + stubs_offset
W(b) vector_dabt + stubs_offset
W(b) vector_addrexcptn + stubs_offset
W(b) vector_irq + stubs_offset
W(b) vector_fiq + stubs_offset
.globl __vectors_end
__vectors_end:
#define USR26_MODE 0x00000000
#define FIQ26_MODE 0x00000001
#define IRQ26_MODE 0x00000002
#define SVC26_MODE 0x00000003
#define USR_MODE 0x00000010
#define FIQ_MODE 0x00000011
#define IRQ_MODE 0x00000012
#define SVC_MODE 0x00000013
#define ABT_MODE 0x00000017
#define HYP_MODE 0x0000001a
#define UND_MODE 0x0000001b
#define SYSTEM_MODE 0x0000001f
#define MODE32_BIT 0x00000010
#define MODE_MASK 0x0000001f
#define PSR_T_BIT 0x00000020
#define PSR_F_BIT 0x00000040
#define PSR_I_BIT 0x00000080
#define PSR_A_BIT 0x00000100
#define PSR_E_BIT 0x00000200
#define PSR_J_BIT 0x01000000
#define PSR_Q_BIT 0x08000000
#define PSR_V_BIT 0x10000000
#define PSR_C_BIT 0x20000000
#define PSR_Z_BIT 0x40000000
#define PSR_N_BIT 0x80000000
.macro vector_stub, name, mode, correction=0
.align 5
vector_\name: //定义了一个vector_name的label,如果参数name是irq,那就是vector_irq
.if \correction//如果要修正lr PC指针,它是返回地址
sub lr, lr, #\correction
.endif
@
@ Save r0, lr_ (parent PC) and spsr_
@ (parent CPSR)
@
stmia sp, {r0, lr} @ save r0, lr
mrs lr, spsr
str lr, [sp, #8] @ save spsr
@
@ Prepare for SVC32 mode. IRQs remain disabled.
@
mrs r0, cpsr
eor r0, r0, #(\mode ^ SVC_MODE | PSR_ISETSTATE)//异常模式
msr spsr_cxsf, r0
@
@ the branch table must immediately follow this code
@
and lr, lr, #0x0f
THUMB( adr r0, 1f )
THUMB( ldr lr, [r0, lr, lsl #2] )
mov r0, sp
ARM( ldr lr, [pc, lr, lsl #2] )
movs pc, lr @ branch to handler in SVC mode
ENDPROC(vector_\name)
.align 2
@ handler addresses follow this label
1:
.endm
.globl __stubs_start
__stubs_start:
/*
* Interrupt dispatcher
*/
vector_stub irq, IRQ_MODE, 4
.long __irq_usr @ 0 (USR_26 / USR_32)
.long __irq_invalid @ 1 (FIQ_26 / FIQ_32)
.long __irq_invalid @ 2 (IRQ_26 / IRQ_32)
.long __irq_svc @ 3 (SVC_26 / SVC_32)
.long __irq_invalid @ 4
.long __irq_invalid @ 5
.long __irq_invalid @ 6
.long __irq_invalid @ 7
.long __irq_invalid @ 8
.long __irq_invalid @ 9
.long __irq_invalid @ a
.long __irq_invalid @ b
.long __irq_invalid @ c
.long __irq_invalid @ d
.long __irq_invalid @ e
.long __irq_invalid @ f
/*
* Data abort dispatcher
* Enter in ABT mode, spsr = USR CPSR, lr = USR PC
*/
vector_stub dabt, ABT_MODE, 8
.long __dabt_usr @ 0 (USR_26 / USR_32)
.long __dabt_invalid @ 1 (FIQ_26 / FIQ_32)
.long __dabt_invalid @ 2 (IRQ_26 / IRQ_32)
.long __dabt_svc @ 3 (SVC_26 / SVC_32)
.long __dabt_invalid @ 4
.long __dabt_invalid @ 5
.long __dabt_invalid @ 6
.long __dabt_invalid @ 7
.long __dabt_invalid @ 8
.long __dabt_invalid @ 9
.long __dabt_invalid @ a
.long __dabt_invalid @ b
.long __dabt_invalid @ c
.long __dabt_invalid @ d
.long __dabt_invalid @ e
.long __dabt_invalid @ f
/*
* Prefetch abort dispatcher
* Enter in ABT mode, spsr = USR CPSR, lr = USR PC
*/
vector_stub pabt, ABT_MODE, 4
.long __pabt_usr @ 0 (USR_26 / USR_32)
.long __pabt_invalid @ 1 (FIQ_26 / FIQ_32)
.long __pabt_invalid @ 2 (IRQ_26 / IRQ_32)
.long __pabt_svc @ 3 (SVC_26 / SVC_32)
.long __pabt_invalid @ 4
.long __pabt_invalid @ 5
.long __pabt_invalid @ 6
.long __pabt_invalid @ 7
.long __pabt_invalid @ 8
.long __pabt_invalid @ 9
.long __pabt_invalid @ a
.long __pabt_invalid @ b
.long __pabt_invalid @ c
.long __pabt_invalid @ d
.long __pabt_invalid @ e
.long __pabt_invalid @ f
/*
* Undef instr entry dispatcher
* Enter in UND mode, spsr = SVC/USR CPSR, lr = SVC/USR PC
*/
vector_stub und, UND_MODE
.long __und_usr @ 0 (USR_26 / USR_32)
.long __und_invalid @ 1 (FIQ_26 / FIQ_32)
.long __und_invalid @ 2 (IRQ_26 / IRQ_32)
.long __und_svc @ 3 (SVC_26 / SVC_32)
.long __und_invalid @ 4
.long __und_invalid @ 5
.long __und_invalid @ 6
.long __und_invalid @ 7
.long __und_invalid @ 8
.long __und_invalid @ 9
.long __und_invalid @ a
.long __und_invalid @ b
.long __und_invalid @ c
.long __und_invalid @ d
.long __und_invalid @ e
.long __und_invalid @ f
.align 5
/*=============================================================================
* Undefined FIQs
*-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Enter in FIQ mode, spsr = ANY CPSR, lr = ANY PC
* MUST PRESERVE SVC SPSR, but need to switch to SVC mode to show our msg.
* Basically to switch modes, we *HAVE* to clobber one register... brain
* damage alert! I don't think that we can execute any code in here in any
* other mode than FIQ... Ok you can switch to another mode, but you can't
* get out of that mode without clobbering one register.
*/
vector_fiq:
subs pc, lr, #4
/*=============================================================================
* Address exception handler
*-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
* These aren't too critical.
* (they're not supposed to happen, and won't happen in 32-bit data mode).
*/
vector_addrexcptn:
b vector_addrexcptn
/*
* We group all the following data together to optimise
* for CPUs with separate I & D caches.
*/
.align 5
.LCvswi:
.word vector_swi
.globl __stubs_end
__stubs_end:
void __init early_trap_init(void *vectors_base)
{
unsigned long vectors = (unsigned long)vectors_base;
extern char __stubs_start[], __stubs_end[];
extern char __vectors_start[], __vectors_end[];
extern char __kuser_helper_start[], __kuser_helper_end[];
int kuser_sz = __kuser_helper_end - __kuser_helper_start;
vectors_page = vectors_base;
/*
* Copy the vectors, stubs and kuser helpers (in entry-armv.S)
* into the vector page, mapped at 0xffff0000, and ensure these
* are visible to the instruction stream.
*/
memcpy((void *)vectors, __vectors_start, __vectors_end - __vectors_start);
memcpy((void *)vectors + 0x200, __stubs_start, __stubs_end - __stubs_start);
memcpy((void *)vectors + 0x1000 - kuser_sz, __kuser_helper_start, kuser_sz);
/*
* Do processor specific fixups for the kuser helpers
*/
kuser_get_tls_init(vectors);
/*
* Copy signal return handlers into the vector page, and
* set sigreturn to be a pointer to these.
*/
memcpy((void *)(vectors + KERN_SIGRETURN_CODE - CONFIG_VECTORS_BASE),
sigreturn_codes, sizeof(sigreturn_codes));
flush_icache_range(vectors, vectors + PAGE_SIZE);
modify_domain(DOMAIN_USER, DOMAIN_CLIENT);
}
这里完成了异常向量的copy;总表从vectors处开始,各种异常向量表从vectors + 0x200开始;这个0x200出现了。这个vectors是个什么地址?
static void __init devicemaps_init(struct machine_desc *mdesc)
{
struct map_desc map;
unsigned long addr;
void *vectors;
/*
* Allocate the vector page early.
*/
vectors = early_alloc(PAGE_SIZE);
early_trap_init(vectors);
for (addr = VMALLOC_START; addr; addr += PMD_SIZE)
pmd_clear(pmd_off_k(addr));
......
/*
* Create a mapping for the machine vectors at the high-vectors
* location (0xffff0000). If we aren't using high-vectors, also
* create a mapping at the low-vectors virtual address.
*/
map.pfn = __phys_to_pfn(virt_to_phys(vectors));
map.virtual = 0xffff0000;
map.length = PAGE_SIZE;
map.type = MT_HIGH_VECTORS;
create_mapping(&map, false);
if (!vectors_high()) {
map.virtual = 0;
map.type = MT_LOW_VECTORS;
create_mapping(&map, false);
}
/*
* Ask the machine support to map in the statically mapped devices.
*/
if (mdesc->map_io)
mdesc->map_io();
fill_pmd_gaps();
/* Reserve fixed i/o space in VMALLOC region */
pci_reserve_io();
/*
* Finally flush the caches and tlb to ensure that we're in a
* consistent state wrt the writebuffer. This also ensures that
* any write-allocated cache lines in the vector page are written
* back. After this point, we can start to touch devices again.
*/
local_flush_tlb_all();
flush_cache_all();
}
这个vectors映射后的虚拟地址是0xffff0000,关于这个地址还有一个说法。据说这个地址是受arm中协处理器CP15中的c1控制寄存器中的v位(bit[13])控制的。Arm裸机程序一般都使用默认的值0,将中断向量表放在0x00000000~0x0000001c中;如果为1,中断向量表放在0xffff0000~0xffff001c中。arch/arm/kernel/head.S中:
ENTRY(stext) //内核入口
......
movs r10, r5 @ invalid processor (r5=0)?
......
ARM( add pc, r10, #PROCINFO_INITFUNC )
ARM()也是一个宏,同样在文件arch/arm/include/asm/unified.h中定义,当配置内核为生成ARM镜像(#define PSR_ISETSTATE 0),则为:#define ARM(x...) x
DEFINE(PROCINFO_INITFUNC, offsetof(struct proc_info_list, __cpu_flush));
#define offsetof(TYPE, MEMBER) ((size_t) &((TYPE *)0)->MEMBER)
oiffsetof宏container_of里也用到了,返回的是MEMBER在TYPE结构中的偏移量。也就是说PROCINFO_INITFUNC就是__cpu_flush在proc_info_list中的偏移量。
struct proc_info_list {
unsigned int cpu_val;
unsigned int cpu_mask;
unsigned long __cpu_mm_mmu_flags; /* used by head.S */
unsigned long __cpu_io_mmu_flags; /* used by head.S */
unsigned long __cpu_flush; /* used by head.S */
const char *arch_name;
const char *elf_name;
unsigned int elf_hwcap;
const char *cpu_name;
struct processor *proc;
struct cpu_tlb_fns *tlb;
struct cpu_user_fns *user;
struct cpu_cache_fns *cache;
};
add pc, r10, #PROCINFO_INITFUNC后的PC跳到proc_info_list结构的__cpu_flush去执行。这是平台相关的了,可这个__cpu_flush是什么?是proc_info_list中的一个成员啊,proc_info_list是怎么找到的?__lookup_processor_type负责找到处理器ID号对应的proc_info_list结构。实际是通过__proc_info_begin和__proc_info_end找到的,它们定义在vmlinux.lds.S的连接脚本中,用于标注proc_info_list结构的起始和结束地址。
#define PROC_INFO \
. = ALIGN(4); \
VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__proc_info_begin) = .; \
*(.proc.info.init) \
VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__proc_info_end) = .;
这段代码的意思是:__proc_info_begin的位置放所有文件“.proc.info.init”段的内容,接着的位置是__proc_info_end。也可以把它们理解为一个地址标号。既然能通过它们找到proc_info_list,说明之前放进去了啊,什么时候放的呢?arch/arm/mm/proc-v7.S中:
/*
* AT
* TFR EV X F IHD LR S
* .EEE ..EE PUI. .TAT 4RVI ZWRS BLDP WCAM
* rxxx rrxx xxx0 0101 xxxx xxxx x111 xxxx < forced
* 11 0 110 1 0011 1100 .111 1101 < we want
*/
.align 2
.type v7_crval, #object
v7_crval:
crval clear=0x0120c302, mmuset=0x30c23c7d, ucset=0x00c01c7c
crval是一个宏在arch/arm/mm/proc-macro.S中,这里定义了很多的宏。
.macro crval, clear, mmuset, ucset
#ifdef CONFIG_MMU
.word \clear
.word \mmuset
#else
.word \clear
.word \ucset
#endif
.endm
__v7_setup:
......
adr r5, v7_crval //v7_crval标号地址传给r5
ldmia r5, {r5, r6} //clear传给r5,mmuset传给r6
mrc p15, 0, r0, c1, c0, 0 @ read control register//把cp15 c1读到r0
bic r0, r0, r5 @ clear bits them//clearr5中的bit
orr r0, r0, r6 @ set them//setr6中的bit
......
.macro irq_handler
#ifdef CONFIG_MULTI_IRQ_HANDLER
ldr r1, =handle_arch_irq
mov r0, sp
adr lr, BSYM(9997f)
ldr pc, [r1]
#else
arch_irq_handler_default
#endif
9997:
.endm
.macro arch_irq_handler_default
get_irqnr_preamble r6, lr
1: get_irqnr_and_base r0, r2, r6, lr
movne r1, sp
@
@ routine called with r0 = irq number, r1 = struct pt_regs *
@
adrne lr, BSYM(1b)
bne asm_do_IRQ
asmlinkage void __exception_irq_entry
asm_do_IRQ(unsigned int irq, struct pt_regs *regs)
{
handle_IRQ(irq, regs);
}
#define ARM_cpsr uregs[16]
#define ARM_pc uregs[15]
#define ARM_lr uregs[14]
#define ARM_sp uregs[13]
#define ARM_ip uregs[12]
#define ARM_fp uregs[11]
#define ARM_r10 uregs[10]
#define ARM_r9 uregs[9]
#define ARM_r8 uregs[8]
#define ARM_r7 uregs[7]
#define ARM_r6 uregs[6]
#define ARM_r5 uregs[5]
#define ARM_r4 uregs[4]
#define ARM_r3 uregs[3]
#define ARM_r2 uregs[2]
#define ARM_r1 uregs[1]
#define ARM_r0 uregs[0]
#define ARM_ORIG_r0 uregs[17]
中断进入C后,能够顺利执行;是依赖于中断描述符irq_desc的。主要是根据中断号irq num找到对的irq_desc[irq num]继续处理。这个irq_desc[]结构是如何初始化的?
struct irq_desc irq_desc[NR_IRQS] __cacheline_aligned_in_smp = {
[0 ... NR_IRQS-1] = {
.handle_irq = handle_bad_irq,
.depth = 1,
.lock = __RAW_SPIN_LOCK_UNLOCKED(irq_desc->lock),
}
};
这就是静态初始化的数组了。