编译安装MySQL

转载地址：http://blog.csdn.net/u010257584/article/details/51315438

1.前言

本文测试环境：

• CentOS release 6.4（Linux version 2.6.32-358.el6.x86_64）

• MySQL 5.7.12

本节用到的相关安装包下载地址如下：

• mysql源码安装包：http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/source-installation.html

• cmake安装包：https://cmake.org/download/

• boost安装包：http://sourceforge.net/projects/boost/files/boost/1.59.0/boost_1_59_0.tar.gz

2.安装前准备

1）安装必要的组件

[root@nn ~]# yum install bison

[root@nn ~]# yum install cmake

[root@nn ~]# yun install boost

或者下载对应的安装包再解压安装（本文的方法）：

• Cmake下载安装

[root@nn ~]# cd /home/MySql/

[root@nn MySql]# tar zxvf cmake-3.5.2.tar.gz

[root@nn MySql]# cd cmake-3.5.2/

[root@nn cmake-3.5.2]# ./bootstrap

CMake has bootstrapped.  Now run gmake.

[root@nn cmake-3.5.2]# make && make install

[root@nn cmake-3.5.2]# cmake --version

cmake version 3.5.2

CMake suite maintained and supported by Kitware (kitware.com/cmake).

• Boost下载安装

[root@nn MySql]# wget --no-check-certificate http://sourceforge.net/projects/boost/files/boost/1.59.0/boost_1_59_0.tar.gz

[root@nn MySql]# tar -zxvf /home/MySql/boost_1_59_0.tar.gz -C /usr/local

[root@nn MySql]# /usr/local

[root@nn local]# mv boost_1_59_0 boost

[root@nn local]# cd boost/

[root@nn boost]# ./bootstrap.sh

Building Boost.Build engine with toolset gcc... tools/build/src/engine/bin.linux                                                                             x86_64/b2

Detecting Python version... 2.6

Detecting Python root... /usr

Unicode/ICU support for Boost.Regex?... not found.

Generating Boost.Build configuration in project-config.jam...

Bootstrapping is done. To build, run:

 ./b2

To adjust configuration, edit 'project-config.jam'.

Further information:

 - Command line help:

./b2 --help

- Getting started guide:

http://www.boost.org/more/getting_started/unix-variants.html

- Boost.Build documentation:

http://www.boost.org/build/doc/html/index.html

[root@nn boost]# ./b2 install

不安装boost，那么用cmake安装MySQL时会出现如下的错误：

2）添加MySQL用户组及用户

[root@nn ~]# groupadd mysql

[root@nn ~]# useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql

3)创建MySQL安装目录

[root@nn ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql

4) 创建数据库数据文件目录

[root@nn ~]# mkdir -p /home/mysql

[root@nn ~]# mkdir -p /home/mysql/data

[root@nn ~]# mkdir -p /home/mysql/logs

[root@nn ~]# mkdir -p /home/mysql/temp

5) 添加MySQL PATH路径并开放3306端口

[root@nn ~]# vi /etc/profile

# use for mysql

export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/mysql/lib:$PATH

[root@nn ~]# source /etc/profile

防火墙的3306端口默认没有开启，若要远程访问，需要开启这个端口

[root@nn ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables

-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 3306 -j ACCEPT

[root@nn ~]# /etc/init.d/iptables restart

或者service iptables restart

3.安装

1)解压

[root@nn ~] cd /home/MySql/

[root@nn MySql]# tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.12.tar.gz

[root@nn MySql]# cd mysql-5.7.12

2）使用cmake编译并安装MySQL

[root@nn mysql-5.7.12]# cmake \
> -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \
> -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock \
> -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
> -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
> -DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
> -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
> -DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
> -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
> -DWITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
> -DWITH_READLINE=1 \
> -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \
> -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/home/mysql/data \
> -DMYSQL_USER=mysql \
> -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 \
> -DENABLE_DOWNLOADS=1 \
> -DDOWNLOAD_BOOST=1 \
> -DWITH_BOOST=/usr/local/boost
[root@nn mysql-5.7.12]# make && make install --该步骤时间比较久，耐心等待

3）修改目录所有者

[root@nn mysql-5.7.12]# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql

[root@nn mysql-5.7.12]# chown -R mysql:mysql /home/mysql

4）初始化配置

[root@nn mysql-5.7.12]# cd /usr/local/mysql

[root@nn mysql]# bin/mysqld --initialize --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/home/mysql/data --user=mysql

以root初始化操作时要加--user=mysql参数，生成一个随机密码（注意保存登录时用），在初始化时如果加上 -initial-insecure，则会创建空密码。

5）配置文件my.cnf

     在启动MySQL服务时，会按照一定次序搜索my.cnf，先在/etc目录下找，找不到则会搜索"$basedir/my.cnf"，在本例中就是 /usr/local/mysql/my.cnf，这是新版MySQL的配置文件的默认位置！注意：在CentOS 6.4版操作系统的最小安装完成后，在/etc目录下会存在一个my.cnf，需要将此文件更名为其他的名字，如：/etc/my.cnf.bak，否则，该文件会干扰源码安装的MySQL的正确配置，造成无法启动。在使用"yum update"更新系统后，需要检查下/etc目录下是否会多出一个my.cnf，如果多出，将它重命名成别的。否则，MySQL将使用这个配置文件启动，可能造成无法正常启动等问题。（摘自网络）

将默认生成的my.cnf备份

[root@nn mysql]# mv /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.bak

拷贝配置文件模板为新的mysql配置文件

[root@nn mysql]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf

可按需修改新的配置文件选项，不修改配置选项，mysql则按默认配置参数运行。

6）启动设置

[root@nn mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql

[root@nn mysql]# chkconfig mysql on

[root@nn mysql]# service mysql start

    Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!

7）重置密码

在步骤4的初始化步骤中生成了MySQL的原始密码，实际使用中需要修改密码。

查询原始密码：

[root@nn bin]# cat /root/.mysql_secret

# Password set for user 'root@localhost' at 2016-05-04 09:42:42 Sf/v-P5g:o+X

修改原始密码：

[root@nn bin]# mysqladmin -h localhost -uroot password "123456" -p'Sf/v-P5g:o+X'--socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock

mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

mysqladmin: connect to server at 'localhost' failed

error: 'Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: YES)'

出错，试试用改密码登录MySQL：

[root@nn bin]# mysql -uroot -p

Enter password:

ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)

解决方法：

[root@nn bin]# service mysqld stop

[root@nn bin]# mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables & mysql -uroot -p

mysql>use mysql;

mysql> update mysql.user set authentication_string=password("123456")where user="root";

Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 1

mysql> flush privileges;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> quit

Bye

[2]+ Exit 1 mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables

[root@nn bin]# service mysqld restart

Shutting down MySQL..2016-05-04T06:57:15.267695Z mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /home/mysql/data/nn.pid ended

 SUCCESS!

Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!

[1]+ Done mysqld_safe --user=mysql --skip-grant-tables --skip-networking

8）验证

[root@nn bin]# mysql -uroot -p

Enter password:

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 2

Server version: 5.7.12

Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respectiveowners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show variables like 'character%';

    +--------------------------+------------------------+

    | Variable_name            | Value                         |

    +--------------------------+-------------------------+

    | character_set_client     | utf8                         |

    | character_set_connection | utf8                        |

    | character_set_database   | utf8                         |

    | character_set_filesystem | binary                      |

    | character_set_results    | utf8                         |

    | character_set_server     | utf8                         |

    | character_set_system     | utf8                         |

    | character_sets_dir | /usr/local/mysql/share/charsets/|

    +--------------------------+-------------------------+

 8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

"font-family:KaiTi_GB2312;font-size:14px;">允许root远程连接（慎重）：

mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO root@"%" IDENTIFIED BY "root";

Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

另外，对于生产服务器，建议运行：

[root@nn ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_secure_installation