利用多线程实现归并排序。归并排序是分治算法的代表,适合改写为多线程。
数据规模为 2 ∗ 1 0 6 2*10^6 2∗106,整数。 a r r a y _ l e n g t h = 2 ∗ 1 0 6 array\_length = 2*10^6 array_length=2∗106
srand((int)time(NULL));
for (int i = 0; i < array_length; ++i) {
a[i] = rand();
}
利用 < s y s / t i m e . h > <sys/time.h> <sys/time.h>内部提供的 g e t n u m o f d a y ( ) getnumofday() getnumofday()函数,可以精确到微妙级别,但我最后输出是毫秒级别,所以需要转换单位。代码如下:
struct timeval tbegin, tend;
gettimeofday(&tbegin, NULL);
int arg[2];
arg[0] = 0;
arg[1] = array_length;
pthread_t tid;
numofThread = 1;
pthread_create(&tid, NULL, merge_sort, arg);
pthread_join(tid, NULL);
gettimeofday(&tend, NULL);
if (flag == 1) {
printf("The number of thread that I use : %d\n", maxThreadNumber);
}
我需要控制好线程的使用个数,因此要统计当前正在运行的线程个数。为了避免潜在的bug,我并没有用到多少指针的东西,基本都是全局数组全局变量。归并排序其实有两个函数, m e r g e _ s o r t merge\_sort merge_sort函数是递归实现分治的基础。我在该函数的单线程版本上进行了些许改动。
代码如下:
void merge_sort(void* arg){
int *argu = (int*)arg;
int left = argu[0];
int right = argu[1];
int mid = (left + right) >> 1;
int arg1[2];
int arg2[2];
arg1[0] = left;
arg1[1] = mid;
arg2[0] = mid + 1;
arg2[1] = right;
if (left >= right) {
return;
}
pthread_t t2;
pthread_t t1;
if (numofThread == maxThreadNumber) {
flag = 1;
}
if (numofThread < maxThreadNumber) {
numofThread += 1;
pthread_create(&t1, NULL, merge_sort, arg1);
pthread_join(t1, NULL);
pthread_exit(NULL);
numofThread -= 1;
}
else {
merge_sort(arg1);
}
if (numofThread < maxThreadNumber) {
numofThread += 1;
pthread_create(&t2, NULL, merge_sort, arg2);
pthread_join(t2, NULL);
pthread_exit(NULL);
numofThread -= 1;
}
else {
merge_sort(arg2);
}
merge(left, right);
}
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#define DEBUG 0
#define array_length 2000000
int a[array_length+5];
int numofThread = 0;
int maxThreadNumber = 21;
int flag = 0;
void merge(int left, int right){
int mid = (left + right) >> 1;
int size1 = mid - left + 1;
int size2 = right - mid;
int t1[size1];
int t2[size2];
memcpy(t1, a+left, sizeof(int) * (mid-left+1));
memcpy(t2, a+mid+1, sizeof(int) * (right-mid));
int i = 0, j = 0;
int k = left;
while (i < size1 && j < size2) {
if (t1[i] <= t2[j]) {
a[k] = t1[i];
i++;
}
else {
a[k] = t2[j];
j++;
}
k++;
}
while (i < size1) {
a[k] = t1[i];
k++;
i++;
}
while (j < size2) {
a[k] = t2[j];
j++;
k++;
}
}
void merge_sort(void* arg){
int *argu = (int*)arg;
int left = argu[0];
int right = argu[1];
int mid = (left + right) >> 1;
int arg1[2];
int arg2[2];
arg1[0] = left;
arg1[1] = mid;
arg2[0] = mid + 1;
arg2[1] = right;
if (left >= right) {
return;
}
pthread_t t2;
pthread_t t1;
if (numofThread == maxThreadNumber) {
flag = 1;
}
if (numofThread < maxThreadNumber) {
numofThread += 1;
pthread_create(&t1, NULL, merge_sort, arg1);
pthread_join(t1, NULL);
pthread_exit(NULL);
numofThread -= 1;
}
else {
merge_sort(arg1);
}
if (numofThread < maxThreadNumber) {
numofThread += 1;
pthread_create(&t2, NULL, merge_sort, arg2);
pthread_join(t2, NULL);
pthread_exit(NULL);
numofThread -= 1;
}
else {
merge_sort(arg2);
}
merge(left, right);
}
void createData(){
srand((int)time(NULL));
for (int i = 0; i < array_length; ++i) {
a[i] = rand();
}
}
int main(){
createData();
struct timeval tbegin, tend;
gettimeofday(&tbegin, NULL);
int arg[2];
arg[0] = 0;
arg[1] = array_length;
pthread_t tid;
numofThread = 1;
pthread_create(&tid, NULL, merge_sort, arg);
pthread_join(tid, NULL);
gettimeofday(&tend, NULL);
if (flag == 1) {
printf("The number of thread that I use : %d\n", maxThreadNumber);
}
printf("The running time is %d millisecond\n",(tend.tv_usec - tbegin.tv_usec)/1000);
#if DEBUG == 1
for (int i = 0; i < array_length; ++i) {
printf("%d\n",a[i]);
}
#endif
return 0;
}
下面比较各种线程数量,我的程序的运行效果。
从这4个不同的线程数量可以对比看出,线程数越多,程序运行时间是越短的。单线程运行效率最低,多线程每次线程数翻倍,运行时间大大缩短。而且并不是只缩短一半,缩短幅度大大提高。
归并排序并不难,改写为多线程版本花费了不少时间在调试代码上。说明我对多线程的掌握还不算到位。但是通过这次练习,我有了更深刻的了解。