Out Of Memory(OOM),即内存耗尽,当系统中内存耗尽时,如果不做处理,将处于崩溃的边缘,因为无内核资源可用,而系统运行时刻都可能需要申请内存。这时,内核需要采取一定的措施来防止系统崩溃,这就是我们熟知的OOM流程,其实就是要回收一些内存,而走到OOM流程,已经基本说明其它的回收内存的手段都已经尝试过了(比如回收cache),这里通常只能通过kill进程来回收内存了,而选择被kill进程的标准就比较简单直接了,总体就是:谁用的多,就kill谁。
OOM处理的基本流程简单描述如下:
1、检查是否配置了/proc/sys/kernel/panic_on_oom,如果是则直接触发panic。
2、检查是否配置了oom_kill_allocating_task,即是否需要kill current进程来回收内存,如果是,且current进程是killable的,则kill current进程。
3、根据既定策略选择需要kill的process,基本策略为:通过进程的内存占用情况计算“点数”,点数最高者被选中。
4、如果没有选出来可kill的进程,那么直接panic(通常不会走到这个流程,但也有例外,比如,当被选中的进程处于D状态,或者正在被kill)
5、kill掉被选中的进程,以释放内存。
代码注释如下:
点击(此处)折叠或打开
- /*
- * OOM处理的主流程,上面的注释应该比较清楚了。
- */
- void out_of_memory(struct zonelist *zonelist, gfp_t gfp_mask,
- int order, nodemask_t *nodemask, bool force_kill)
- {
- const nodemask_t *mpol_mask;
- struct task_struct *p;
- unsigned long totalpages;
- unsigned long freed = 0;
- unsigned int uninitialized_var(points);
- enum oom_constraint constraint = CONSTRAINT_NONE;
- int killed = 0;
- // 调用block通知链oom_nofify_list中的函数
- blocking_notifier_call_chain(&oom_notify_list, 0, &freed);
- if (freed > 0)
- /* Got some memory back in the last second. */
- return;
- /*
- * If current has a pending SIGKILL or is exiting, then automatically
- * select it. The goal is to allow it to allocate so that it may
- * quickly exit and free its memory.
- */
- /*
- * 如果当前进程有pending的SIGKILL(9)信号,或者正在退出,则选择当前进程来kill,
- * 这样可以最快的达到释放内存的目的。
- */
- if (fatal_signal_pending(current) || current->flags & PF_EXITING) {
- set_thread_flag(TIF_MEMDIE);
- return;
- }
- /*
- * Check if there were limitations on the allocation (only relevant for
- * NUMA) that may require different handling.
- */
- /*
- * 检查是否有限制,有几种不同的限制策略,仅用于NUMA场景
- */
- constraint = constrained_alloc(zonelist, gfp_mask, nodemask,
- &totalpages);
- mpol_mask = (constraint == CONSTRAINT_MEMORY_POLICY) ? nodemask : NULL;
- // 检查是否配置了/proc/sys/kernel/panic_on_oom,如果是则直接触发panic
- check_panic_on_oom(constraint, gfp_mask, order, mpol_mask);
- /*
- * 检查是否配置了oom_kill_allocating_task,即是否需要kill current进程来
- * 回收内存,如果是,且current进程是killable的,则kill current进程。
- */
- if (sysctl_oom_kill_allocating_task && current->mm &&
- !oom_unkillable_task(current, NULL, nodemask) &&
- current->signal->oom_score_adj != OOM_SCORE_ADJ_MIN) {
- get_task_struct(current);
- // kill被选中的进程。
- oom_kill_process(current, gfp_mask, order, 0, totalpages, NULL,
- nodemask,
- "Out of memory (oom_kill_allocating_task)");
- goto out;
- }
- // 根据既定策略选择需要kill的process。
- p = select_bad_process(&points, totalpages, mpol_mask, force_kill);
- /* Found nothing?!?! Either we hang forever, or we panic. */
- /*
- * 如果没有选出来,即没有可kill的进程,那么直接panic
- * 通常不会走到这个流程,但也有例外,比如,当被选中的进程处于D状态,或者正在被kill
- */
- if (!p) {
- dump_header(NULL, gfp_mask, order, NULL, mpol_mask);
- panic("Out of memory and no killable processes...\n");
- }
- // kill掉被选中的进程,以释放内存。
- if (PTR_ERR(p) != -1UL) {
- oom_kill_process(p, gfp_mask, order, points, totalpages, NULL,
- nodemask, "Out of memory");
- killed = 1;
- }
- out:
- /*
- * Give the killed threads a good chance of exiting before trying to
- * allocate memory again.
- */
- /*
- * 在重新分配内存之前,给被kill的进程1s的时间完成exit相关处理,通常情况
- * 下,1s应该够了。
- */
- if (killed)
- schedule_timeout_killable(1);
- }
out_of_memory->select_bad_process
通过select_bad_process函数选择被kill的进程,其基本流程为:
1、遍历系统中的所有进程,进行"点数"计算
2、进行一些特殊情况的处理,比如: 优先选择触发OOM的进程、不处理正在exit的进程等。
3、计算"点数",选择点数最大的进程。通过函数oom_badness()
代码注释和分析如下:
点击(此处)折叠或打开
- /*
- * OOM流程中,用来选择被kill的进程的函数
- * @ppoints:点数,用来计算每个进程被"选中"可能性,点数越高,越可能被"选中"
- */
- static struct task_struct *select_bad_process(unsigned int *ppoints,
- unsigned long totalpages, const nodemask_t *nodemask,
- bool force_kill)
- {
- struct task_struct *g, *p;
- struct task_struct *chosen = NULL;
- unsigned long chosen_points = 0;
- rcu_read_lock();
- // 遍历系统中的所有进程,进行"点数"计算
- do_each_thread(g, p) {
- unsigned int points;
- /*
- * 进行一些特殊情况的处理,比如: 优先选择触发OOM的进程、不处理
- * 正在exit的进程等。
- */
- switch (oom_scan_process_thread(p, totalpages, nodemask,
- force_kill)) {
- case OOM_SCAN_SELECT:
- chosen = p;
- chosen_points = ULONG_MAX;
- /* fall through */
- case OOM_SCAN_CONTINUE:
- continue;
- case OOM_SCAN_ABORT:
- rcu_read_unlock();
- return ERR_PTR(-1UL);
- case OOM_SCAN_OK:
- break;
- };
- // 计算"点数",选择点数最大的进程。
- points = oom_badness(p, NULL, nodemask, totalpages);
- if (points > chosen_points) {
- chosen = p;
- chosen_points = points;
- }
- } while_each_thread(g, p);
- if (chosen)
- get_task_struct(chosen);
- rcu_read_unlock();
- *ppoints = chosen_points * 1000 / totalpages;
- return chosen;
- }
out_of_memory->select_bad_process->oom_scan_process_thread
oom_scan_process_thread函数的分析和注释如下:
点击(此处)折叠或打开
- enum oom_scan_t oom_scan_process_thread(struct task_struct *task,
- unsigned long totalpages, const nodemask_t *nodemask,
- bool force_kill)
- {
- // 如果进程正在exit
- if (task->exit_state)
- return OOM_SCAN_CONTINUE;
- /*
- * 如果进程不能被kill,比如: init进程或进程在nodemask对应的节点上,
- * 没有可以释放的内存。
- */
- if (oom_unkillable_task(task, NULL, nodemask))
- return OOM_SCAN_CONTINUE;
- /*
- * This task already has access to memory reserves and is being killed.
- * Don't allow any other task to have access to the reserves.
- */
- /*
- * 如果有进程正在被OOM流程kill,那么应该有内存可以释放了,就不需要再kill
- * 其它进程了,此时返回abort,结束oom kill流程。
- */
- if (test_tsk_thread_flag(task, TIF_MEMDIE)) {
- if (unlikely(frozen(task)))
- __thaw_task(task);
- if (!force_kill)
- return OOM_SCAN_ABORT;
- }
- // 如果不存在mm了(可能进程刚退出了)
- if (!task->mm)
- return OOM_SCAN_CONTINUE;
- /*
- * If task is allocating a lot of memory and has been marked to be
- * killed first if it triggers an oom, then select it.
- */
- // 优先选择触发OOM的进程。
- if (oom_task_origin(task))
- return OOM_SCAN_SELECT;
- if (task->flags & PF_EXITING && !force_kill) {
- /*
- * If this task is not being ptraced on exit, then wait for it
- * to finish before killing some other task unnecessarily.
- */
- if (!(task->group_leader->ptrace & PT_TRACE_EXIT))
- return OOM_SCAN_ABORT;
- }
- return OOM_SCAN_OK;
- }
out_of_memory->select_bad_process->oom_badness
oom_badness用于计算进程的“点数”,点数最高者被选中,代码注释和分析如下:
点击(此处)折叠或打开
- /*
- * 计算进程"点数"(代表进程被选中的可能性)的函数,点数根据进程占用的物理内存来计算
- * 物理内存占用越多,被选中的可能性越大。root processes有3%的bonus。
- */
- unsigned long oom_badness(struct task_struct *p, struct mem_cgroup *memcg,
- const nodemask_t *nodemask, unsigned long totalpages)
- {
- long points;
- long adj;
- if (oom_unkillable_task(p, memcg, nodemask))
- return 0;
- // 确认进程是否还存在
- p = find_lock_task_mm(p);
- if (!p)
- return 0;
- adj = (long)p->signal->oom_score_adj;
- if (adj == OOM_SCORE_ADJ_MIN) {
- task_unlock(p);
- return 0;
- }
- /*
- * The baseline for the badness score is the proportion of RAM that each
- * task's rss, pagetable and swap space use.
- */
- // 点数=rss(驻留内存/占用物理内存)+pte数+交换分区用量
- points = get_mm_rss(p->mm) + p->mm->nr_ptes +
- get_mm_counter(p->mm, MM_SWAPENTS);
- task_unlock(p);
- /*
- * Root processes get 3% bonus, just like the __vm_enough_memory()
- * implementation used by LSMs.
- */
- /*
- * root用户启动的进程,有总 内存*3% 的bonus,就是说可以使用比其它进程多3%的内存
- * 3%=30/1000
- */
- if (has_capability_noaudit(p, CAP_SYS_ADMIN))
- adj -= 30;
- /* Normalize to oom_score_adj units */
- // 归一化"点数"单位
- adj *= totalpages / 1000;
- points += adj;
- /*
- * Never return 0 for an eligible task regardless of the root bonus and
- * oom_score_adj (oom_score_adj can't be OOM_SCORE_ADJ_MIN here).
- */
- return points > 0 ? points : 1;
- }
out_of_memory->oom_kill_process
oom_kill_process()函数用于:kill被选中的进程,其实就是给指定进程发送SIGKILL信号,待被选中进程返回用户态时,进行信号处理。
相关代码注释和分析如下:
点击(此处)折叠或打开
- /*
- * kill被选中的进程,在OOM流程中被调用
- */
- void oom_kill_process(struct task_struct *p, gfp_t gfp_mask, int order,
- unsigned int points, unsigned long totalpages,
- struct mem_cgroup *memcg, nodemask_t *nodemask,
- const char *message)
- {
- struct task_struct *victim = p;
- struct task_struct *child;
- struct task_struct *t = p;
- struct mm_struct *mm;
- unsigned int victim_points = 0;
- static DEFINE_RATELIMIT_STATE(oom_rs, DEFAULT_RATELIMIT_INTERVAL,
- DEFAULT_RATELIMIT_BURST);
- /*
- * If the task is already exiting, don't alarm the sysadmin or kill
- * its children or threads, just set TIF_MEMDIE so it can die quickly
- */
- /*
- * 如果进程正在exiting,就没有必要再kill它了,直接设置TIF_MEMDIE,然后返回。
- */
- if (p->flags & PF_EXITING) {
- set_tsk_thread_flag(p, TIF_MEMDIE);
- put_task_struct(p);
- return;
- }
- if (__ratelimit(&oom_rs))
- dump_header(p, gfp_mask, order, memcg, nodemask);
- task_lock(p);
- pr_err("%s: Kill process %d (%s) score %d or sacrifice child\n",
- message, task_pid_nr(p), p->comm, points);
- task_unlock(p);
- /*
- * If any of p's children has a different mm and is eligible for kill,
- * the one with the highest oom_badness() score is sacrificed for its
- * parent. This attempts to lose the minimal amount of work done while
- * still freeing memory.
- */
- /*
- * 如果被选中的进程的子进程,不跟其共享mm(通常是这样),且膐om_badness的
- * 得分更高,那么重新选择该子进程为被kill的进程。
- */
- read_lock(&tasklist_lock);
- do {
- // 遍历被选中进程的所有子进程
- list_for_each_entry(child, &t->children, sibling) {
- unsigned int child_points;
- // 如果不共享mm
- if (child->mm == p->mm)
- continue;
- /*
- * oom_badness() returns 0 if the thread is unkillable
- */
- // 计算child?om_badness得分
- child_points = oom_badness(child, memcg, nodemask,
- totalpages);
- // 如果child得分更高,则将被选中进程换成child
- if (child_points > victim_points) {
- put_task_struct(victim);
- victim = child;
- victim_points = child_points;
- get_task_struct(victim);
- }
- }
- } while_each_thread(p, t);
- read_unlock(&tasklist_lock);
- rcu_read_lock();
- /*
- * 遍历确认被选中进程的线程组,判断是否还存在task_struct->mm,如果不存在
- * (有可能这个时候进程退出了,或释放了mm),就没必要再kill了。
- * 如果存在则选择线程组中的进程。
- */
- p = find_lock_task_mm(victim);
- if (!p) {
- rcu_read_unlock();
- put_task_struct(victim);
- return;
- // 如果新选择的进程跟之前的不是同一个,那么更新victim。
- } else if (victim != p) {
- get_task_struct(p);
- put_task_struct(victim);
- victim = p;
- }
- /* mm cannot safely be dereferenced after task_unlock(victim) */
- mm = victim->mm;
- pr_err("Killed process %d (%s) total-vm:%lukB, anon-rss:%lukB, file-rss:%lukB\n",
- task_pid_nr(victim), victim->comm, K(victim->mm->total_vm),
- K(get_mm_counter(victim->mm, MM_ANONPAGES)),
- K(get_mm_counter(victim->mm, MM_FILEPAGES)));
- task_unlock(victim);
- /*
- * Kill all user processes sharing victim->mm in other thread groups, if
- * any. They don't get access to memory reserves, though, to avoid
- * depletion of all memory. This prevents mm->mmap_sem livelock when an
- * oom killed thread cannot exit because it requires the semaphore and
- * its contended by another thread trying to allocate memory itself.
- * That thread will now get access to memory reserves since it has a
- * pending fatal signal.
- */
- /*
- * 遍历系统中的所有进程,寻找在其它线程组中,跟被选中进程(victim)共享mm结构
- * 的进程(内核线程除外),共享mm结构即共享进程地址空间,比如fork后exec之前,
- * 父子进程是共享mm的,回收内存必须要将共享mm的所有进程都kill掉。
- */
- for_each_process(p)
- if (p->mm == mm && !same_thread_group(p, victim) &&
- !(p->flags & PF_KTHREAD)) {
- if (p->signal->oom_score_adj == OOM_SCORE_ADJ_MIN)
- continue;
- // 进行task_struct相关操作时,通常需要获取该锁。
- task_lock(p); /* Protect ->comm from prctl() */
- pr_err("Kill process %d (%s) sharing same memory\n",
- task_pid_nr(p), p->comm);
- task_unlock(p);
- // 通过向被选中的进程发送kill信号,来kill进程。
- do_send_sig_info(SIGKILL, SEND_SIG_FORCED, p, true);
- }
- rcu_read_unlock();
- // 进程设置TIF_MEMDIE标记,表示进程正在被oom killer终止中。
- set_tsk_thread_flag(victim, TIF_MEMDIE);
- /*
- * 最终通过向被选中的进程发送kill信号,来kill进程,被kill的进程在从内核态
- * 返回用户态时,进行信号处理。
- * 被选中的进程可以是自己(current),则current进程会在oom流程执行完成后,返回
- * 用户态时,处理信号。
- */
- do_send_sig_info(SIGKILL, SEND_SIG_FORCED, victim, true);
- put_task_struct(victim);
- }