学习NodeMCU的GPIO

本文研究NodeMCU的GPIO的用法，主要是IO的电压范围和电流范围

NodeMCU GPIO与ESP8266的映射

https://github.com/nodemcu/nodemcu-firmware/wiki/nodemcu_api_en

GPIONEW TABLE ( Build 20141219 and later)

new_gpio_map

IO index	ESP8266 pin	IO index	ESP8266 pin
0 [*]	GPIO16	7	GPIO13
1	GPIO4	8	GPIO15
2	GPIO5	9	GPIO3
3	GPIO0	10	GPIO1
4	GPIO2	11	GPIO9
5	GPIO14	12	GPIO10
6	GPIO12

** D0(GPIO16) can only be used asgpio read/write. no interrupt supported. no pwm/i2c/ow supported. *

NodeMCU的API

https://github.com/nodemcu/nodemcu-firmware/wiki/nodemcu_api_en

GPIO module

CONSTANT

gpio.OUTPUT, gpio.INPUT, gpio.INT, gpio.HIGH, gpio.LOW

gpio.mode()

Description

initialize pin to GPIO mode, set the pin in/out mode, internalpullup.

Syntax

gpio.mode(pin, mode, pullup)

Parameters

pin: 0~12, IO index
mode: gpio.OUTPUT or gpio.INPUT, orgpio.INT(interrupt mode) pullup: gpio.PULLUP or gpio.FLOAT, default:gpio.FLOAT.

Returns

nil

Example

    -- set gpio 0 as output.
    gpio.mode(0, gpio.OUTPUT)

See also

- gpio.read()

- Backto Index

gpio.read()

Description

read pin value.

Syntax

gpio.read(pin)

Parameters

pin: 0~12, IO index

Returns

number:0 - low, 1 - high

Example

    -- read value of gpio 0.
    gpio.read(0)

See also

- gpio.mode()

gpio.write()

Description

set pin value.

Syntax

gpio.write(pin)

Parameters

pin: 0~12, IO index
level: gpio.HIGH or gpio.LOW

Returns

nil

Example

    -- set pin index 1 to GPIO mode, and set the pin to high.
    pin=1
    gpio.mode(pin, gpio.OUTPUT)
    gpio.write(pin, gpio.HIGH)

See also

- gpio.mode()
-gpio.read()

gpio.trig()

Description

set the interrupt callback function for pin.

Syntax

gpio.trig(pin, type, function(level))

Parameters

pin: 1~12, IO index, pin D0 does not supportInterrupt.
type: "up", "down", "both","low", "high", which represent rising edge,falling edge, both edge, low level, high level trig modeseparately.
function(level): callback function when triggered. Thegpio level is the param. Use previous callback function if undefinedhere.

Returns

nil

Example

    -- use pin 0 as the input pulse width counter
    pulse1 = 0
    du = 0
    gpio.mode(1,gpio.INT)
    function pin1cb(level)
     du = tmr.now() – pulse1
     print(du)
     pulse1 = tmr.now()
     if level == 1 then gpio.trig(1, "down") else gpio.trig(1, "up") end
    end
    gpio.trig(1, "down",pin1cb)

See also

- gpio.mode()
-gpio.write()

NodeMCU GPIO的驱动能力

https://nurdspace.nl/ESP8266#Power_Management

General PurposeIO

A total of up to 16 GPIO pins. The firmware can assign themdifferent functions. Each GPIO can be configured internal pullup /pulldown resistors available software registers sampled input,triggering edge or level CPU interrupt input, trigger level wake-upinterrupt input, open-drain or complementary push-pull outputdrivers, software register output source or sigma-delta PWM DAC.These pins are multiplexed with other functions, such as the maininterface, UART, SI, Bluetooth co-existence and so on.

Digital IO pins

Digital IO pad is two-way, three states. It includes a three-statecontrol input and output buffers. In addition, for low-poweroperation, IO can be set to hold state. For example, when we reducethe chip's power consumption, all the output enable signal can be setto maintain a low-power state. Hold function can be selectivelyimplanted IO in need. When the IO help internal and external circuitdriving, hold function can be used to hold last state. Hold functionto pin introduce some positive feedback. Therefore, the externaldrive pin must be stronger than the positive feedback. However, therequired driving force size is still small, in the 5uA of.

Variables	Symbol	Min	Max	Units
Input Low Voltage	Vil	-0.3	0.25xV10	V
Input High Voltage	Vih	0.75xV10	3.6	V
Input leakage current	IIL	-	50	nA
Output Low Voltage	VOL	-	0.1xV10	V
Output High Voltage	VOH	0.8xV10	-	V
Input pin capacitance	Cpad	-	2	pF
VDDIO	V10	1.7	3.6	V
Current	Imax	-	12	mA
Temperature	Tamb	-20	100	C

All digital IO pins must add an overvoltage protection circuit(snap back circuit) between the pin and ground. Usually bounce (snapback) voltage is about 6V, while maintaining the voltage is 5.8V.This prevents excessive voltage and generating ESD. Diodes also avoidreverse voltage output devices.