Android各版本适配之6.0
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权限的分组
在Android6.0（M）之后，对权限进行了分类，大致有这三种：普通权限
危险权限
特殊权限
普通权限也就是正常权限，是对手机的一些正常操作，对用户的隐私没有太大影响的权限，比如手机的震动，网络访问，蓝牙等权限，这些权限会在应用被安装的时候默认授予，用户不能拒绝，也不能取消。
危险权限其实就是运行中需要处理的权限，也是我们最需要注意的权限，这些权限会关系到用户的隐私或影响到其他应用的运行，这些危险权限，谷歌还做了一个权限组，以分组的形式来呈现：
传送门：Android6.0动态权限列表、普通权限列表、特殊权限列表权限分组的用途：
比如读写文件权限：
WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
它们是属于同一个权限组的，你如果拿到了他们其中的一个权限，那么也同时会有另一个权限，同理，如果你拿到读取通讯录的权限，那么你同时也会拥有写入通讯录的权限，但是用到的权限都需要在manifest文件中声明。
权限适配用的的api:
int checkSelfPermission(String permission) 用来检测应用是否已经具有权限
void requestPermissions(String[] permissions, int requestCode) 进行请求单个或多个权限
void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions, int[] grantResults) 请求权限结果回调
void requestPermissions(String[] permissions, int requestCode) 进行请求单个或多个权限
void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions, int[] grantResults) 请求权限结果回调
boolean shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(String permission) (可选）是否需要解释权限作用
图一是requestPermissions时系统弹出的提示框，图二是图一选择拒绝后在回调onRequestPermissionsResult方法中弹
框提示用户去手动授权，点击手动授权跳到图三，在图三操作完成后返回原自己app页面，整个流程就结束了。
下面是我封装成的工具类，图二中跳转手动授权需要匹配不同品牌手机：
package com.###.util; import android.Manifest; import android.app.Activity; import android.app.AlertDialog; import android.app.TabActivity; import android.content.ActivityNotFoundException; import android.content.ComponentName; import android.content.Context; import android.content.DialogInterface; import android.content.Intent; import android.content.pm.PackageInfo; import android.content.pm.PackageManager; import android.content.pm.ResolveInfo; import android.net.Uri; import android.os.Build; import android.provider.Settings; import android.support.v4.app.ActivityCompat; import android.support.v4.app.Fragment; import android.support.v4.content.ContextCompat; import android.util.Log; import android.widget.Toast; import com.sybercare.thermometer.ble.android.KzyApplication; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import static com.tencent.open.utils.Global.getPackageName; /** * PackageName: com.###.util * ClassName: PermissionUtil * Author: cuiqingchao * CreateDate: 2018/6/19 19:43 * Description: * * -----------------------------------Version Info---------------------------------------------- * Version: V0.1 UpdateUser: cuiqingchao UpdateDate: 2018/6/19 19:43 UpdateRemark: * * * --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- */ public class PermissionUtil { /** * group:android.permission-group.CONTACTS * permission:android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS * permission:android.permission.READ_CONTACTS * permission:android.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS */ public static int PERMISSION_WRITE_CONTACTS_CODE = 0; /** * group:android.permission-group.PHONE * permission:android.permission.READ_CALL_LOG * permission:android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE * permission:android.permission.CALL_PHONE * permission:android.permission.WRITE_CALL_LOG * permission:android.permission.USE_SIP * permission:android.permission.PROCESS_OUTGOING_CALLS * permission:com.android.voicemail.permission.ADD_VOICEMAIL */ public static int PERMISSION_READ_PHONE_STATE_CODE = 1; /** * group:android.permission-group.CALENDAR * permission:android.permission.WRITE_CALENDAR * permission:android.permission.WRITE_CALENDAR */ public static int PERMISSION_READ_CALENDAR_CODE = 2; /** * group:android.permission-group.CAMERA * permission:android.permission.CAMERA */ public static int PERMISSION_CAMERA_CODE = 3; /** * group:android.permission-group.SENSORS * permission:android.permission.BODY_SENSORS */ public static int PERMISSION_BODY_SENSORS_CODE = 4; /** * group:android.permission-group.LOCATION * permission:android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION * permission:android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION */ public static int PERMISSION_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION_CODE = 5; /** * group:android.permission-group.STORAGE * permission:android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE * permission:android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE */ public static int PERMISSION_READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE_CODE = 6; /** * group:android.permission-group.MICROPHONE * permission:android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO */ public static int PERMISSION_RECORD_AUDIO_CODE = 7; /** * group:android.permission-group.SMS * permission:android.permission.READ_SMS * permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_WAP_PUSH * permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_MMS * permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_SMS * permission:android.permission.SEND_SMS * permission:android.permission.READ_CELL_BROADCASTS */ public static int PERMISSION_READ_SMS_CODE = 8; /** * android.permission.REQUEST_INSTALL_PACKAGES */ public static int PERMISSION_INSTALL_PACKAGES_CODE = 9; /** * all project need permission group */ public static int PERMISSION_INIT_CODE = 10; public static String[] initPermission = { Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE, Manifest.permission.CAMERA, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION, Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO, }; /** * 判断是否具备所有权限 * * @param permissions 所有权限 * @return true 具有所有权限 false没有具有所有权限，此时包含未授予的权限 */ public static boolean isHasPermissions(String... permissions) { if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Build.VERSION_CODES.M) return true; for (String permission : permissions) { if (!isHasPermission(permission)) return false; } return true; } /** * 判断该权限是否已经被授予 * * @param permission * @return true 已经授予该权限 ，false未授予该权限 */ private static boolean isHasPermission(String permission) { if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Build.VERSION_CODES.M) return true; boolean isHas = ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(KzyApplication.getInstance().getApplicationContext(), permission) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED; return isHas; } /** * 请求权限,经测试发现TabActivity管理Activity时，在Activity中请求权限时需要传入父Activity对象，即TabActivity对象 * 并在TabActivity管理Activity中重写onRequestPermissionsResult并分发到子Activity，否则回调不执行 。TabActivity回调中 调用getLocalActivityManager().getCurrentActivity().onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);分发到子Activity * * * @param object Activity or Fragment * @param requestCode 请求码 * @param permissions 请求权限 */ public static void requestPermissions(Object object, int requestCode, String... permissions) { ArrayListarrayList = new ArrayList<>(); for (String permission : permissions) { if (!isHasPermissions(permission)) { arrayList.add(permission); } } if (arrayList.size() > 0) { if (object instanceof Activity) { Activity activity = (Activity) object; Activity activity1 = activity.getParent() != null && activity.getParent() instanceof TabActivity ? activity.getParent() : activity; ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(activity1, arrayList.toArray(new String[] {}), requestCode); } else if (object instanceof Fragment) { Fragment fragment = (Fragment) object; //当Fragment嵌套Fragment时使用getParentFragment(),然后在父Fragment进行分发，否则回调不执行 Fragment fragment1 = fragment.getParentFragment() != null ? fragment.getParentFragment() : fragment; fragment1.requestPermissions(arrayList.toArray(new String[]{}), requestCode); } else { throw new RuntimeException("the object must be Activity or Fragment"); } } } /** * 打开 APP 的详情设置 */ public static void openAppDetails(final Context context,String message) { AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(context); //builder.setMessage("备份通讯录需要访问 “通讯录” 和 “外部存储器”，请到 “应用信息 -> 权限” 中授予！"); builder.setMessage(message); builder.setPositiveButton("去手动授权", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) { jumpPermissionPage(context); } }); builder.setNegativeButton("取消", null); builder.show(); } /** * 国产厂商跳转“设置”适配 */ public static void jumpPermissionPage(Context context) { String name = Build.MANUFACTURER; //L.e(TAG, "jumpPermissionPage --- name : " + name); switch (name) { case "HUAWEI": goHuaWeiMainager(context); break; case "vivo": goVivoMainager(context); break; case "OPPO": goOppoMainager(context); break; case "Coolpad": goCoolpadMainager(context); break; case "Meizu": goMeizuMainager(context); break; case "Xiaomi": goXiaoMiMainager(context); break; case "samsung": goSangXinMainager(context); break; case "Sony": goSonyMainager(context); break; case "LG": goLGMainager(context); break; default: goIntentSetting(context); break; } } private static void goLGMainager(Context context){ try { Intent intent = new Intent(); ComponentName comp = new ComponentName("com.android.settings", "com.android.settings.Settings$AccessLockSummaryActivity"); intent.setComponent(comp); intent.setData(Uri.parse("package:" + getPackageName())); intent.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_DEFAULT); intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK); intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NO_HISTORY); intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_EXCLUDE_FROM_RECENTS); context.startActivity(intent); } catch (Exception e) { Toast.makeText(context, "跳转失败", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); e.printStackTrace(); goIntentSetting(context); } } private static void goSonyMainager(Context context){ try { Intent intent = new Intent(); intent.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_DEFAULT); intent.setData(Uri.parse("package:" + getPackageName())); intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK); intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NO_HISTORY); intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_EXCLUDE_FROM_RECENTS); ComponentName comp = new ComponentName("com.sonymobile.cta", "com.sonymobile.cta.SomcCTAMainActivity"); intent.setComponent(comp); context.startActivity(intent); } catch (Exception e) { Toast.makeText(context, "跳转失败", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); e.printStackTrace(); goIntentSetting(context); } } private static void goHuaWeiMainager(Context context) { try { Intent intent = new Intent(); intent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK); ComponentName comp = new ComponentName("com.huawei.systemmanager", "com.huawei.permissionmanager.ui.MainActivity"); intent.setComponent(comp); intent.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_DEFAULT); intent.setData(Uri.parse("package:" + getPackageName())); intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK); intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NO_HISTORY); intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_EXCLUDE_FROM_RECENTS); context.startActivity(intent); } catch (Exception e) { Toast.makeText(context, "跳转失败", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); e.printStackTrace(); goIntentSetting(context); } } private static String getMiuiVersion(Context context) { String propName = "ro.miui.ui.version.name"; String line; BufferedReader input = null; try { Process p = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("getprop " + propName); input = new BufferedReader( new InputStreamReader(p.getInputStream()), 1024); line = input.readLine(); input.close(); } catch (IOException ex) { ex.printStackTrace(); return null; } finally { try { input.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } return line; } private static void goXiaoMiMainager(Context context) { String rom = getMiuiVersion(context); //L.e(TAG,"goMiaoMiMainager --- rom : "+rom); Intent intent=new Intent(); if ("V6".equals(rom) || "V7".equals(rom)) { intent.setAction("miui.intent.action.APP_PERM_EDITOR"); intent.setClassName("com.miui.securitycenter", "com.miui.permcenter.permissions.AppPermissionsEditorActivity"); intent.putExtra("extra_pkgname", getPackageName()); } else if ("V8".equals(rom) || "V9".equals(rom)) { intent.setAction("miui.intent.action.APP_PERM_EDITOR"); intent.setClassName("com.miui.securitycenter", "com.miui.permcenter.permissions.PermissionsEditorActivity"); intent.putExtra("extra_pkgname", getPackageName()); } else { goIntentSetting(context); } context.startActivity(intent); } private static void goMeizuMainager(Context context) { try { Intent intent = new Intent("com.meizu.safe.security.SHOW_APPSEC"); intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK); intent.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_DEFAULT); intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NO_HISTORY); intent.putExtra("packageName", getPackageName()); context.startActivity(intent); } catch (ActivityNotFoundException localActivityNotFoundException) { localActivityNotFoundException.printStackTrace(); goIntentSetting(context); } } private static void goSangXinMainager(Context context) { //三星4.3可以直接跳转 goIntentSetting(context); } private static void goIntentSetting(Context context) { Intent intent = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_APPLICATION_DETAILS_SETTINGS); intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK); intent.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_DEFAULT); intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NO_HISTORY); intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_EXCLUDE_FROM_RECENTS); Uri uri = Uri.fromParts("package", context.getPackageName(), null); intent.setData(uri); try { context.startActivity(intent); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } private static void goOppoMainager(Context context) { doStartApplicationWithPackageName(context,"com.coloros.safecenter"); } /** * doStartApplicationWithPackageName("com.yulong.android.security:remote") * 和Intent open = getPackageManager().getLaunchIntentForPackage("com.yulong.android.security:remote"); * startActivity(open); * 本质上没有什么区别，通过Intent open...打开比调用doStartApplicationWithPackageName方法更快，也是android本身提供的方法 */ private static void goCoolpadMainager(Context context) { doStartApplicationWithPackageName(context,"com.yulong.android.security:remote"); /* Intent openQQ = getPackageManager().getLaunchIntentForPackage("com.yulong.android.security:remote"); startActivity(openQQ);*/ } private static void goVivoMainager(Context context) { doStartApplicationWithPackageName(context,"com.bairenkeji.icaller"); /* Intent openQQ = getPackageManager().getLaunchIntentForPackage("com.vivo.securedaemonservice"); startActivity(openQQ);*/ } /** * 此方法在手机各个机型设置中已经失效 * * @return */ private Intent getAppDetailSettingIntent(Context context) { Intent localIntent = new Intent(); localIntent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK); localIntent.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_DEFAULT); localIntent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NO_HISTORY); localIntent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_EXCLUDE_FROM_RECENTS); if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 9) { localIntent.setAction("android.settings.APPLICATION_DETAILS_SETTINGS"); localIntent.setData(Uri.fromParts("package", context.getPackageName(), null)); } else if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT <= 8) { localIntent.setAction(Intent.ACTION_VIEW); localIntent.setClassName("com.android.settings", "com.android.settings.InstalledAppDetails"); localIntent.putExtra("com.android.settings.ApplicationPkgName", context.getPackageName()); } return localIntent; } private static void doStartApplicationWithPackageName(Context context, String packagename) { // 通过包名获取此APP详细信息，包括Activities、services、versioncode、name等等 PackageInfo packageinfo = null; try { packageinfo = context.getPackageManager().getPackageInfo(packagename, 0); } catch (PackageManager.NameNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } if (packageinfo == null) { return; } // 创建一个类别为CATEGORY_LAUNCHER的该包名的Intent Intent resolveIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_MAIN, null); resolveIntent.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_LAUNCHER); resolveIntent.setPackage(packageinfo.packageName); // 通过getPackageManager()的queryIntentActivities方法遍历 List resolveinfoList = context.getPackageManager() .queryIntentActivities(resolveIntent, 0); Log.e("PermissionPageManager", "resolveinfoList" + resolveinfoList.size()); for (int i = 0; i < resolveinfoList.size(); i++) { Log.e("PermissionPageManager", resolveinfoList.get(i).activityInfo.packageName + resolveinfoList.get(i).activityInfo.name); } ResolveInfo resolveinfo = resolveinfoList.iterator().next(); if (resolveinfo != null) { // packageName参数2 = 参数 packname String packageName = resolveinfo.activityInfo.packageName; // 这个就是我们要找的该APP的LAUNCHER的Activity[组织形式：packageName参数2.mainActivityname] String className = resolveinfo.activityInfo.name; // LAUNCHER Intent Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_MAIN); intent.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_LAUNCHER); // 设置ComponentName参数1:packageName参数2:MainActivity路径 ComponentName cn = new ComponentName(packageName, className); intent.setComponent(cn); try { context.startActivity(intent); } catch (Exception e) { goIntentSetting(context); e.printStackTrace(); } } } }
在Activity中的使用：
if(!PermissionUtil.isHasPermissions(PermissionUtil.initPermission)){ PermissionUtil.requestPermissions(this,PermissionUtil.PERMISSION_INIT_CODE,PermissionUtil.initPermission); }
/** * 处理权限请求结果 * * @param requestCode * 请求权限时传入的请求码，用于区别是哪一次请求的 * * @param permissions * 所请求的所有权限的数组 * * @param grantResults * 权限授予结果，和 permissions 数组参数中的权限一一对应，元素值为两种情况，如下: * 授予: PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED * 拒绝: PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED */ @Override public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String permissions[], int[] grantResults) { if(requestCode == PermissionUtil.PERMISSION_INIT_CODE){ boolean isAllGranted = true; // 判断是否所有的权限都已经授予了 for (int grant : grantResults) { if (grant != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) { isAllGranted = false; break; } } if (isAllGranted) { // 如果所有的权限都授予了 } else { // 弹出对话框告诉用户需要权限的原因, 并引导用户去应用权限管理中手动打开权限按钮 PermissionUtil.openAppDetails(this,"需要使用“定位” 、“外部存储器”、“录音”、“手机状态”、“相机”权限，请到 “应用信息 -> 权限” 中授予！"); } } }
此外特殊权限的无法申请只能手动到设置中授权，权限检查也有所不同，比如请求SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW权限：
if (!Settings.canDrawOverlays(this)) { Intent intent = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_MANAGE_OVERLAY_PERMISSION, Uri.parse("package:" + getPackageName())); startActivityForResult(intent, requestCodeAlertWindow); } else { Toast.makeText(PermissionTestActivity.this, "SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW 已经被授权", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); }Android8.0中“android.permission.REQUEST_INSTALL_PACKAGES”权限需要在manifest中声明后（8.0之前不需要）在代码中检测：
if(Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O && !getPackageManager().canRequestPackageInstalls()){ PermissionUtil.requestPermissions(this,PermissionUtil.PERMISSION_INSTALL_PACKAGES_CODE, Manifest.permission.REQUEST_INSTALL_PACKAGES); }总结：以上就是我做的所有授权的操作及代码，对于跳转到设置页面后 如果用户依然没有进行授权，返回后我并没有做任何提醒，为了增加用户授权的可能性在从设置返回后可以在onActivityForResult()中对授权结果进行判断，如果没有授权则弹框提示用户会对app造成哪些影响。
系统api解释：
/** * 确定权限是否已经被授予 * @param permission 被检测权限的名字. * @return {@link android.content.pm.PackageManager#PERMISSION_GRANTED} 如果权限被授予, * {@link android.content.pm.PackageManager#PERMISSION_DENIED} 如果权限被拒绝返回值. */ public static int checkSelfPermission(@NonNull Context context, @NonNull String permission) /** * 是否显示自定义UI提示用户 * 华为手机测试 第一次使用时返回false * 如果拒绝返回true * 如果拒绝并点击不在提醒返回false * 已经同意过权限，但在设置拒绝此时返回true * 没有同意过权限，在设置中开启并拒绝权限返回false * @param activity 请求权限Activity. * @param permission 需要请求的权限. * @return 是否显示自定义对话框提示用户. */ public static boolean shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(@NonNull Activity activity, @NonNull String permission) /** * 给应用申请权限，申请的权限必须在manifest文件注册，正常权限在安装时自动被授权，不需要使用此方法请求权限 * 请求之后会弹出系统提示框，供我们选择是拒绝还是允许，点击后 * android.support.v4.app.ActivityCompat.OnRequestPermissionsResultCallback#onRequestPermissionsResult( * int, String[], int[])} 方法将会被回调， * @param activity 请求权限的Activity. * @param permissions 需要请求的权限. * @param requestCode 指定一个请求码，用于区别返回结果 * */ public static void requestPermissions(final @NonNull Activity activity, final @NonNull String[] permissions, final int requestCode) /** * 调用requestPermissions方法请求权限的回调 * 需要注意的是可能请求的权限与用户互动中断;正在这种情况下回调将接收一个空的permissions和grantResults数组 * @param permissions 请求的权限. 不为null,长度可能为0. * @param grantResults 请求权限的结果PERMISSION_GRANTED表示权限被允许，PERMISSION_DENIED表示权限被拒绝 */ void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults)