批量安装系统工具cobbler配置

Cobbler部署指南之配置管理

 

　　四、配置管理Cobbler

　　4.1 Cobbler命令说明

命令名称	命令用途
cobbler check	检查cobbler配置
cobbler list	列出所youdecobbler元素
cobbler report	列出元素de详细信息
cobbler distro	查看导入de发行版系统信息
cobbler system	查看添加de系统信息
cobbler profile	查看配置信息
cobbler sync	同步Cobbler配置，更改配置最好都要执行下
cobbler reposync	同步yum仓库

　　命令参考

　　cobbler --help

　　cobbler distro --help

　　cobbler distro add --help

　　4.2 Cobbler配置文件说明

　　Cobbler配置文件存放在/etc/cobbler下

    

配置文件名称	作    用
/etc/cobbler/settings	Cobbler主配置文件
/etc/cobbler/users.digest	用于web访问de用户名密码配置文件
/etc/cobbler/modules.conf	模块配置文件
/etc/cobbler/users.conf	Cobbler WebUI/Web 服务授权配置文件
/etc/cobbler/iso/	Buildiso 模板配置文件
/etc/cobbler/power	电源配置文件
/etc/cobbler/pxe	Pxeprofile配置模板
/etc/cobbler	此目录也包含rsync、dhcp、dns、pxe、dnsmasq等服务de模板配置文件

　　4.3 系统镜像数据目录/var/www/cobbler

　　导入de系统发行版，repos镜像和kickstart文件都放置在/var/www/cobbler目录下。确保/var目录you足够de空间来存储这些文件。    

目录名称	作    用
/var/www/cobbler/images/	存储所you导入发行版deKernel和initrd镜像用于远程网络启动
/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/	存储导入de发行版系统数据
/var/www/cobbler/repo_mirror/	仓库存储目录
/var/log/cobbler	Cobbler日志文件 cobbler.log install.log

. . . . . .

　　4.4 Cobbler数据目录/var/lib/cobbler

　　此目录存储和Cobbler profiles、systems、distros相关de配置。

    

目录名称	作    用
/var/lib/cobbler/config/	存放distros、repos、systems和profiles等信息配置文件，一般都是json文件
/var/lib/cobbler/snippets/	存放ks文件可以导入de脚本小片段，值得研究
/var/lib/cobbler/triggers	存放用户定义decobbler 命令
/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/	存放kickstart配置文件

4.5 相关日志文件

web日志存放点

/var/log/httpd/access_log

/var/log/httpd/error_log

/var/log/httpd/ssl_access_log

/var/log/httpd/ssl_error_log

Cobbler日志

/var/log/cobbler/cobbler.log

/var/log/cobbler/install.log

通过Cobbler日志可以获取系统de安装状态

4.6 导入系统镜像

4.6.1 上传ISO镜像至服务器

注意下载deISO文件要核对文件demd5值，确保数据完整性

[root@hxinstall x86_64]# md5sum CentOS-5.8-x86_64-bin-DVD-1of2.iso

8a3bf0030f192022943f83fe6b2cf373 CentOS-5.8-x86_64-bin-DVD-1of2.iso

4.6.2 创建ISO目录

mkdir -p /var/iso/Linux/Centos/x86_64/

mkdir -p /var/os/Linux/Centos/x86_64/Centos5.8/dvd

mkdir -p /var/os/Linux/Centos/x86_64/Centos6.3/dvd  

mkdir -p /var/os/Linux/Centos/x86_64/Centos6.4/dvd

4.6.3 挂载ISO镜像

mount -o loop /var/iso/Linux/Centos/x86_64/CentOS-5.8-x86_64-bin-DVD-1of2.iso   /var/os/Linux/Centos/x86_64/Centos5.8/dvd

4.6.4 从DVD中导入OS数据

系统版本命名为centos5.8 架构x86_64，这时间长，耐性等待。可查看ls /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos5.8-x86_64/目录文件生成情况。

cobbler import --path=/var/os/Linux/Centos/x86_64/Centos5.8/dvd --name=centos5.8 --arch=x86_64   

task started: 2013-03-12_132624_import

task started (id=Media import, time=Tue Mar 12 13:26:24 2013)

Found a redhat compatible signature: CentOS

adding distros

creating new distro: centos5.8-xen-x86_64

creating new profile: centos5.8-xen-x86_64

creating new distro: centos5.8-x86_64

creating new profile: centos5.8-x86_64

associating repos

traversing distro centos5.8-xen-x86_64

descent into /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos5.8-x86_64

processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos5.8-x86_64

need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos5.8-x86_64

looking for /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos5.8-x86_64/repodata/*comps*.xml

running: createrepo -c cache -s sha --groupfile /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos5.8-x86_64/repodata/comps.xml /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos5.8-x86_64

3496/3496 - CentOS/finger-0.17-33.x86_64.rpm                                    pm6_64.rpm

Saving Primary metadata

Saving file lists metadata

Saving other metadata

received on stderr: This option is deprecated

traversing distro centos5.8-x86_64

descent into /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos5.8-x86_64

processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos5.8-x86_64

need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos5.8-x86_64

looking for /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos5.8-x86_64/repodata/*comps*.xml

running: createrepo -c cache -s sha --groupfile /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos5.8-x86_64/repodata/comps.xml /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos5.8-x86_64

3496/3496 - CentOS/finger-0.17-33.x86_64.rpm                                    pm6_64.rpm

Saving Primary metadata

Saving file lists metadata

Saving other metadata

received on stderr: This option is deprecated

associating kickstarts

*** TASK COMPLETE ***

www.wrsaw.cn  . . . . . .

4.6.5 列出导入后de配置

cobbler list

distros:

   centos5.8-x86_64

   centos5.8-xen-x86_64

   centos6.3-x86_64

   centos6.4-x86_64

profiles:

   centos5.8-x86_64

   centos5.8-xen-x86_64

   centos6.3-x86_64

   centos6.4-x86_64

systems:

repos:

images:

mgmtclasses:

packages:

files:

    列出详细信息可以使用cobbler report

4.6.6 比对大小，确保数据de完整性

du -sh /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos5.8-x86_64/  

4.1G    /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos5.8-x86_64/

du -sh /var/os/Linux/Centos/x86_64/Centos5.8/dvd/

4.3G    /var/os/Linux/Centos/x86_64/Centos5.8/dvd/

4.6.7 CentOS6.3、6.4导入过程

    CentOS6.3

mount -o loop   /var/iso/Linux/Centos/x86_64/CentOS-6.3-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso /var/os/Linux/Centos/x86_64/Centos6.3/dvd/

cobbler import --path=/var/os/Linux/Centos/x86_64/Centos6.3/dvd/ --name=centos6.3 --arch=x86_64   

    CentOS6.4

mount -o loop   /var/iso/Linux/Centos/x86_64/CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso /var/os/Linux/Centos/x86_64/Centos6.4/dvd/

cobbler import --path=/var/os/Linux/Centos/x86_64/Centos6.4/dvd/ --name=centos6.4 --arch=x86_64

4.7 删除导入de系统

cobbler profile find --distro=centos6.3-x64-x86_64 # 查看配置是否存在

centos6.3-x64-x86_64

cobbler profile remove --name=centos6.3-x64-x86_64 # 删除配置文件

cobbler distro remove --name=centos6.3-x64-x86_64 # 删除distro

cobbler profile find --distro=centos6.3-x64-x86_64 # 再查看配置已无

　　4.8 自定义ks

　　更改kickstart文件，可为http等，具体cobbler --help查看，这里采用wo men 自定制ks文件

　　ks目录位置

/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/

    默认deks位置

/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/sample.ks

    更改指定系统版本对应deks配置文件

cobbler profile edit --name=centos5.8-x86_64    --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos5u8-x64.cfg

cobbler profile edit --name=centos6.3-x86_64    --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos6u3-x64.cfg

cobbler profile edit --name=centos6.4-x86_64    --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos6u4-x64.cfg  

www.wrsaw.cn  . . . . . .

4.9 配置信息查看

cobbler report

distros:

==========

Name                           : centos5.8-xen-x86_64

Architecture                   : x86_64

TFTP Boot Files                : {}

Breed                          : redhat

Comment                        : rhel5.8

Fetchable Files                : {}

Initrd                         : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos5.8-x86_64/images/xen/initrd.img

Kernel                         : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos5.8-x86_64/images/xen/vmlinuz

Kernel Options                 : {}

Kernel Options (Post Install) : {}

Kickstart Metadata             : {'tree': 'http://@@http_server@@/cblr/links/centos5.8-xen-x86_64'}

Management Classes             : []

OS Version                     : rhel5

Owners                         : ['admin']

Red Hat Management Key         : <>

Red Hat Management Server      : <>

Template Files                 : {}

Name                           : centos6.4-x86_64

Architecture                   : x86_64

TFTP Boot Files                : {}

Breed                          : redhat

Comment                        : rhel6.4

Fetchable Files                : {}

Initrd                         : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos6.4-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img

Kernel                         : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos6.4-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz

Kernel Options                 : {}

Kernel Options (Post Install) : {}

Kickstart Metadata             : {'tree': 'http://@@http_server@@/cblr/links/centos6.4-x86_64'}

Management Classes            : []

OS Version                     : rhel6

Owners                         : ['admin']

Red Hat Management Key         : <>

Red Hat Management Server      : <>

Template Files                 : {}

……略……

systems:

==========

repos:

==========

images:

==========

mgmtclasses:

==========

packages:

==========

files:

==========

4.10 系统版本列表

cobbler distro list

   centos5.8-x86_64

   centos5.8-xen-x86_64

   centos6.3-x86_64

   centos6.4-x86_64

4.11 同步Cobbler配置

    建议先执行cobbler check进行配置检查再执行cobbler sync，修改cobbler配置后都需要执行此步骤

cobbler check

No configuration problems found. All systems go.

cobbler sync

task started: 2013-03-12_171702_sync

task started (id=Sync, time=Tue Mar 12 17:17:02 2013)

running pre-sync triggers

cleaning trees

……略……

rendering Rsync files

running post-sync triggers

running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*

running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services

running: dhcpd -t -q

received on stdout:

received on stderr:

running: service dhcpd restart

received on stdout: Shutting down dhcpd: [ OK ]

Starting dhcpd: [ OK ]

received on stderr:

running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*

running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*

running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track

running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*

*** TASK COMPLETE ***

4.12 创建PXE菜单密码

增加装机安全设置菜单密码

生成hash密码

支持两种不同类型de密码：

sha1pass mypassword

或

openssl passwd -1 -salt sXiKzkus mypassword

我这里选择后者

# openssl passwd -1 -salt sXiKzkus hexun

$1$sXiKzkus$2DoZ6pfTe8rrc0Si60ecB/

编辑配置文件pxedefault，添加如下蓝色部分

vim /etc/cobbler/pxe/pxedefault.template

DEFAULT menu

PROMPT 0

MENU TITLE Cobbler | http://fedorahosted.org/cobbler

MENU MASTER PASSWD $1$sXiKzkus$2DoZ6pfTe8rrc0Si60ecB/

TIMEOUT 200

TOTALTIMEOUT 6000

ONTIMEOUT $pxe_timeout_profile

LABEL local

        MENU LABEL (local)

        MENU DEFAULT

        LOCALBOOT -1

$pxe_menu_items

MENU end

配置pxeprofile，增加蓝色部分

vim /etc/cobbler/pxe/pxeprofile.template

LABEL $profile_name

        MENU PASSWD

        kernel $kernel_path

        $menu_label

        $append_line

        ipappend 2

修改完毕注意检查、同步配置使其生效

cobbler check

No configuration problems found. All systems go.

cobbler sync

www.wrsaw.cn  . . . . . .

PXE装机时选择装机系统版本，输入装机密码，效果图

4.13 定制PXE菜单TITLE

编辑pxedefault文件，

vim /etc/cobbler/pxe/pxedefault.template

MENU TITLE Cobbler | http://fedorahosted.org/cobbler

将原文上面de内容根据自定义进行修改

MENU TITLE Hexun Automation Install System

修改后de文件

DEFAULT menu

PROMPT 0

MENU TITLE Hexun Automation Install System

MENU MASTER PASSWD $1$sXiKzkus$2DoZ6pfTe8rrc0Si60ecB/

TIMEOUT 200

TOTALTIMEOUT 6000

ONTIMEOUT $pxe_timeout_profile

LABEL local

        MENU LABEL (local)

        MENU DEFAULT

        LOCALBOOT -1

$pxe_menu_items

MENU end

修改完毕执行如下两条命令

cobbler check

cobbler sync

4.14 添加指定客户机系统配置到Cobbler

4.14.1 指定一个网段使用特定de装机配置

cobbler system add --name=network --ip=172.17.188.0/16 --profile=centos5.8-x86_64

4.14.2 添加一个指定服务器de装机配置

指定服务器就是绑定它demac地址，并设置好ip、dns、hostname

定义系统

cobbler system add --name=host-188116 --hostname=host-188116 --mac=00:19:B9:E5:34:FE --interface=eth0 --ip-address=172.17.188.116 --subnet=255.255.0.0 --gateway=172.17.188.1 --static=1 --profile=centos5.8-x86_64  

查看定义de系统列表

cobbler system list

   host-188116

更多参数见cobbler system add  --help

五、Cobbler Web管理

Cobbler web界面是一个很好de前端，非常容易管理Cobbler

可以添加和删除 system distro profile

可以查看、编辑distros, profiles, subprofiles, systems, repos 、 kickstart文件

5.1 安装cobbler_web

yum -y install cobbler-web

5.2 设置用户名密码

为已存在de用户cobbler重置密码

htdigest /etc/cobbler/users.digest "Cobbler" cobbler  

添加新用户

htdigest /etc/cobbler/users.digest "Cobbler" your_newname 

5.3 配置cobbler web可以登录

sed -i 's/authn_denyall/authn_configfile/g' /etc/cobbler/modules.conf

5.4 重启Cobbler与http

/etc/init.d/cobblerd restart 

/etc/init.d/httpd restart

5.5 访问Cobbler Web页面

浏览器访问登录页面https://172.17.10.14/cobbler_web

输入用户名密码

登录后de页面

   

    web管理相对易于使用管理这里这就不再赘述。