用Spring Boot & Cloud，Angular2快速搭建微服务web应用 - 增加权限控制
接下来我们来看看如何增加权限控制，即提供用户认证和鉴权的功能。首先有3个比较重要的架构设计选择：
- 使用Spring的OAuth 2.0，还是使用Spring Session。虽然Spring对OAuth 2.0的支持已经很完善了，简化了大量的配置和开发，但是OAuth 2.0本身还是比较复杂的，尤其是要使用JWT（JSON Web Tokens）和CORS的情况下。OAuth 2.0的应用场景，也包含了许多我们当前并不需要的功能。从简单够用的理念出发，我决定先选择使用Spring Session。
- 用户登陆和Session管理的功能放在哪里？用户登陆很自然的放在gateway里面会比较好，作为整个网站的入口。不过里面有一个问题是用户的信息放在数据库里面。如果登陆放在gateway项目里面，会与user-service有一些重复的代码。考虑到登陆和user-service实际上是不同的功能，重复的代码也就是一个User类，还有一个findByUsername方法，还是决定将登陆放在gateway。
- portal是继续放在node.js在用npm单独运行，还是放在gateway的resource里面，作为gateway运行时的一部分？如果放在gateway里面，则前端的开发不能完全脱离后端，在开发中会丧失一部分的灵活性（不过前端也不可能完全脱离后端）。如果在node.js里面运行，则后端需要考虑CORS的问题。浏览器在跨域访问的时候，还会在实际的HTTP请求之前，先插入一个preflight的请求，请求方法是OPTIONS。为了支持CORS，后端需要做很多配置，包括安全配置（允许OPTIONS请求），CORS过滤器（或者配置器）等。CORS的配置需要允许跨域访问，也带来一下安全隐患。并且在正式部署中，如果用Angular2 Cli工具打包portal，则这些配置可能都没有用处了。本着不过度设计的原则，我决定先选择将前端放在gateway里面。
那么下面的第一步就是把portal目录移到到gateway/main/java/resource/static目录下面。我尝试了在Windows下面使用Symlink，但是Eclipse当前版本（Neon）不支持Windows的Symlink，即不能正常解析里面的文件。如果用Eclipse自带的Linked Folder，Maven又不能正常拷贝里面的文件到target，所以只好老老实实的将portal的内容移动到static，并且删除portal。
Spring Boot提供的用户认证和鉴权功能，牵涉到了Spring Session，Spring Security的功能。
Spring Session
Spring Session提供了用户session管理的实现和接口。基本上Spring默认的实现可以满足大部分应用的需求。实现还提供了和HttpSession的集成，并且默认使用的是流行的Session管理内存No SQL数据库系统Redis。对于使用RESTful API的微服务，Spring Session通过在HTTP Header中添加session ID的方式来支持。在使用Spring Boot时，所有这些都基本上不需要开发人员编写代码，只需要在pom中增加依赖spring-boot-starter-redis和spring-session。具体请参考： http://projects.spring.io/spring-session/，以及 http://docs.spring.io/spring-session/docs/current/reference/html5/。
Spring Security
Spring Security实现了基于角色的访问控制，并且支持CORS，CSRF等。具体请参考： http://projects.spring.io/spring-security/，以及 http://docs.spring.io/spring-security/site/docs/current/guides/html5/。不过即使是基于spring-boot-starter-security，也需要开发人员根据项目情况进行配置，编写配置代码。如果用户的信息在数据库中，则需要实现UserDetailsService的loadUserByUsername方法，供Spring Security调用，以取得登陆用户的密码，状态信息和角色信息。另外还要继承WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter类，并且至少重写参数为HttpSecurity的configure方法。
这里值得一提的是，Spring Security从版本3开始，支持BCrypt算法。该算法除了比MD5和SHA1强度更高，更不容易被暴力破解以外，另一个特点就是产生的最终密码包含了salt（盐）。为了防止拖库之后的彩虹表攻击，如果采用SHA1，一般还需要在数据库的用户表中增加一个salt字段，存放盐值。这样就比较麻烦，另外如果盐值不是随机的，或者生成的算法不好，也比较容易受到攻击。BCrypt解决了这个问题，该算法产生的最终密码包含了一个随机的盐值，验证的时候无需再提供单独的盐值。具体请参考： https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bcrypt。要使用该算法，需要重写参数为AuthenticationManagerBuilder的configure方法。
gateway实现
完整的实现代码在github上： https://github.com/cuiwader/healtrav/releases/tag/simple-gateway-auth
UserDetailServiceImpl.java
package com.healtrav.session;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.security.core.authority.AuthorityUtils;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.User;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UsernameNotFoundException;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
@Service
public class UserDetailServiceImpl implements UserDetailsService {
private final UserRepository userRepo;
@Autowired
public UserDetailServiceImpl(UserRepository userRepo) {
this.userRepo = userRepo;
}
@Override
public UserDetails loadUserByUsername(String username)
throws UsernameNotFoundException {
return this.userRepo.findByUsername(username)
.map(user -> new User(
user.getUsername(),
user.getPassword(),
!user.getState().equals("expired"),
!user.getState().equals("locked"),
!user.getState().equals("credentialExpired"),
!user.getState().equals("disabled"),
AuthorityUtils.createAuthorityList(user.getRoles())))
.orElseThrow(() -> new UsernameNotFoundException(username));
}
}
使用了Spring JPA的UserRepository，从MySQL数据库的user表，根据用户名读取用户。
UserRepository.java
package com.healtrav.session;
import java.util.Optional;
import org.springframework.data.repository.Repository;
import org.springframework.data.repository.query.Param;
public interface UserRepository extends Repository {
Optional findByUsername(@Param("username") String username);
}
WebSecurityConfigurer
package com.healtrav.session;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.authentication.builders.AuthenticationManagerBuilder;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.bcrypt.BCryptPasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.PasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.security.web.csrf.CookieCsrfTokenRepository;
@Configuration
public class WebSecurityConfigurer extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
@Autowired
UserDetailServiceImpl userService;
@Bean
PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() {
return new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
}
@Override
protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth)
throws Exception {
auth.userDetailsService(userService)
.passwordEncoder(passwordEncoder());
}
@Override
protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
// @formatter:off
http
.httpBasic()
.and()
.logout()
.and()
.authorizeRequests()
.antMatchers(
"/*",
"/login",
"/app/**",
"/node_modules/**")
.permitAll()
.anyRequest()
.authenticated()
.and().csrf().csrfTokenRepository(
CookieCsrfTokenRepository.withHttpOnlyFalse());
// @formatter:on
}
}
LoginController.java
package com.healtrav.session;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.CrossOrigin;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
@Controller
public class LoginController {
@RequestMapping("/login")
@CrossOrigin(origins = "*", maxAge = 3600)
public String login() {
return "forward:/";
}
}
PrincipalController.java
package com.healtrav.session;
import java.security.Principal;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
public class PrincipalController {
@RequestMapping("/user")
Principal principal(Principal principal) {
return principal;
}
}
SessionPreFilter
package com.healtrav.session;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.session.Session;
import org.springframework.session.SessionRepository;
import com.netflix.zuul.ZuulFilter;
import com.netflix.zuul.context.RequestContext;
public class SessionPreFilter extends ZuulFilter {
@Autowired
private SessionRepository repository;
@Override
public String filterType() {
return "pre";
}
@Override
public int filterOrder() {
return 1;
}
@Override
public boolean shouldFilter() {
return true;
}
@Override
public Object run() {
RequestContext ctx = RequestContext.getCurrentContext();
HttpSession httpSession = ctx.getRequest().getSession();
Session session = repository.getSession(httpSession.getId());
ctx.addZuulRequestHeader("Cookie", "SESSION=" + session.getId());
return null;
}
}
application.properties
zuul.routes.user-service.url=http://localhost:8081
ribbon.eureka.enabled=false
server.port=8080
logging.level.org.springframework.security=DEBUG
security.sessions=ALWAYS
# MySQL data source settings to user authentication
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/healtrav
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=
spring.datasource.initial-size=20
spring.datasource.max-idle=60
spring.datasource.max-wait=10000
spring.datasource.min-idle=10
spring.datasource.max-active=200
gateway增加了secuiry.session=ALWAYS的配置表示总是创建session。
user-service实现
WebSecurityConfigurer.java
package com.healtrav;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.http.HttpMethod;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;
import org.springframework.security.web.csrf.CookieCsrfTokenRepository;
@Configuration
public class WebSecurityConfigurer extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
@Override
protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
// @formatter:off
http.httpBasic().disable()
.authorizeRequests()
.antMatchers(HttpMethod.POST, "/**").hasRole("ADMIN")
.anyRequest()
.authenticated()
.and()
.csrf().csrfTokenRepository(
CookieCsrfTokenRepository.withHttpOnlyFalse());
// @formatter:on
}
}
配置user-service所以的访问请求都需要ADMIN这个role。
application.properties
# MySQL data source settings
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/healtrav
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=
spring.datasource.initial-size=20
spring.datasource.max-idle=60
spring.datasource.max-wait=10000
spring.datasource.min-idle=10
spring.datasource.max-active=200
# auto create tables and data for database healtrav
spring.jpa.generate-ddl=true
spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.dialect=org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect
spring.datasource.schema=..\..\..\db\schema.sql
spring.datasource.data=..\..\..\db\data.sql
# show each sql for debug
spring.jpa.show-sql = true
spring.application.name=user-service
server.port=8081
server.address: 127.0.0.1
security.sessions: NEVER
logging.level.org.springframework.security: debugAngular2实现
portal的页面也有了一些变化，增加了一个登陆信息的导航栏，登陆之后会显示用户名字（从gateway的PrincipalController获取登陆用户信息）。并且登陆之后，可以从User Management链接获取系统的用户列表。
user.service.ts
import { Injectable } from '@angular/core';
import { Headers, Http, RequestOptions, Response } from '@angular/http';
import { User } from './user';
import 'rxjs/add/operator/toPromise';
@Injectable()
export class UserService {
constructor (
private http: Http
) { }
private login_url = 'http://localhost:8080/login'
private principal_url = 'http://localhost:8080/user'
private users_url = 'http://localhost:8080/user-service/users'
principal: User = null;
getAllUsers(): Promise {
return this.http.get(this.users_url)
.toPromise()
.then(function(response: Response) {
return response.json()._embedded['users'];;
})
.catch(this.handleError);
}
getPrincipal(): Promise {
return this.http.get(this.principal_url)
.toPromise()
.then(function(response: Response) {
return response.json().principal;
})
.catch(this.handleError);
}
login(username: string, password: string): Promise {
//let headers = new Headers({ authorization: 'Basic ' + btoa(user.username + ':' + user.password) });
let auth = 'Basic ' + btoa(username + ':' + password);
let headers = new Headers();
headers.append('Authorization', auth);
return this.http.get(this.login_url, { headers: headers })
.toPromise()
.then(function(response: Response) {
return 'success';
})
.catch(this.handleError);
}
private handleError (error: any) {
let msg = (error.message) ? error.message :
error.status ? `${error.status} - ${error.statusText}` : 'unknown error';
console.error(msg); // log to console instead
this.principal = null;
return Promise.reject(msg);
}
}
app.component.ts
import { Component } from '@angular/core';
import { Router } from '@angular/router';
import { User } from './shared/user';
import { UserService } from './shared/user.service';
@Component({
selector: 'healtrav-app',
templateUrl: 'app/app.component.html'
})
export class AppComponent {
username: string = null;
password: string = null;
constructor(
private router: Router,
private userService: UserService,
) { }
login() {
this.userService.login(this.username, this.password).then(
result => {
console.log(result);
this.userService.getPrincipal().then(
principal => {
this.userService.principal = principal;
console.log(this.userService.principal);
},
error => console.error(error)
)
this.router.navigate(['']);
},
error => console.error(error)
);
}
}
app.module.ts
import { NgModule, Injectable } from '@angular/core';
import { BrowserModule } from '@angular/platform-browser';
import { HttpModule, BrowserXhr } from '@angular/http';
import { FormsModule } from '@angular/forms';
import { AppComponent } from './app.component';
import { routing, appRoutingProviders } from './app.routing';
import { UserService } from './shared/user.service';
import { HomeModule } from './home/home.module';
import { UserManagementModule } from './user-management/user-management.module';
@Injectable()
export class CorsBrowserXhr extends BrowserXhr {
constructor() {
super();
}
build(): any {
let xhr:XMLHttpRequest = super.build();
xhr.withCredentials = true;
return (xhr);
}
}
@NgModule({
imports: [
BrowserModule,
HttpModule,
FormsModule,
routing,
HomeModule,
UserManagementModule
],
declarations: [
AppComponent
],
providers: [
{ provide: BrowserXhr, useClass:CorsBrowserXhr },
appRoutingProviders,
UserService
],
bootstrap: [ AppComponent ]
})
export class AppModule { } CorsBrowserXhr类通过覆盖默认的浏览器Xhr请求，全局的设置了withCredentials为true，即告诉Angular2，每个XHR请求都带上cookie信息，放到请求的HTTP Header。这个比较关键。因为登陆时的CSRF和Session信息，都是通过gateway的HTTP响应的Set-Cookie头，存入浏览器的。如果没有这个配置，浏览器不会将这两个cookie，放置到XHR请求头。不过这个类的名字起的不恰当，应该叫CredentialBrowserXhr之类的。
验证
在使用浏览器验证之前，我们可以先用curl工具看看服务器是否配置成功。前半部分命令和响应如下：
$ curl -v -i http://localhost:8080/login -u cuiwader:1
* timeout on name lookup is not supported
* Trying ::1...
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 0* Connected to localhost (::1) port 8080 (#0)
* Server auth using Basic with user 'cuiwader'
> GET /login HTTP/1.1
> Host: localhost:8080
> Authorization: Basic Y3Vpd2FkZXI6MQ==
> User-Agent: curl/7.48.0
> Accept: */*
>
< HTTP/1.1 200
< Set-Cookie: XSRF-TOKEN=54797b38-7fac-4942-8057-8989617f140b;path=/
< X-Application-Context: application:8080
< Last-Modified: Sun, 16 Oct 2016 15:24:12 GMT
< Accept-Ranges: bytes
< X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
< X-XSS-Protection: 1; mode=block
< Cache-Control: no-cache, no-store, max-age=0, must-revalidate
< Pragma: no-cache
< Expires: 0
< X-Frame-Options: DENY
< Set-Cookie: SESSION=3353e5c5-ccc8-46b1-944b-4031a268c8a8;path=/;HttpOnly可以看到curl发送的请求包含了一个Authorization头，内容是Base64编码的用户名:密码。服务器返回了Set-Cookie响应头，设置XSRF-TOKEN和SESSION。Session的范围是/，并且是HttpOnly。
之后可以用curl验证是否登陆成功：
$ curl -v -i http://localhost:8080/user -H "Cookie: XSRF-TOKEN=54797b38-7fac-4942-8057-8989617f140b; SESSION=3353e5c5-ccc8-46b1-944b-4031a268c8a8"
* Trying ::1...
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 0*
> GET /user HTTP/1.1
> Host: localhost:8080
> User-Agent: curl/7.48.0
> Accept: */*
> Cookie: XSRF-TOKEN=54797b38-7fac-4942-8057-8989617f140b; SESSION=3353e5c5-ccc8
>
< HTTP/1.1 200
< X-Application-Context: application:8080
< X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
< X-XSS-Protection: 1; mode=block
< Cache-Control: no-cache, no-store, max-age=0, must-revalidate
< Pragma: no-cache
< Expires: 0
< X-Frame-Options: DENY
< Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8
< Transfer-Encoding: chunked
< Date: Sun, 16 Oct 2016 17:04:55 GMT
<
{ [362 bytes data]
100 355 0 355 0 0 11451 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 11451HT
X-Application-Context: application:8080
X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
X-XSS-Protection: 1; mode=block
Cache-Control: no-cache, no-store, max-age=0, must-revalidate
Pragma: no-cache
Expires: 0
X-Frame-Options: DENY
Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Date: Sun, 16 Oct 2016 17:04:55 GMT
{"details":{"remoteAddress":"0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1","sessionId":null},"authorities":[{"authority":"ADMIN, USER"}],"authenticated":true,"principal":{"password":null,"username":"cuiwader","authorities":[{"authority":"ADMIN, USER"}],"accountNonExpired":true,"accountNonLocked":true,"credentialsNonExpired":true,"enabled":true},"credentials":null,"name":"cuiwader"} * Connection #0 to host localhost left intact
看到这些内容说明服务器正常，可以用浏览器打开页面了。