Linux安装oracle
#CentOS7安装Oracle11g—静默安装
##一、准备工作：
- 下载Oracle安装包：linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip 和 linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
-
HostName修改：oracle
linuxhostnamectl set-hostname oracle
##二、安装过程
-
配置yum源(如果已经配置过，此步骤跳过)：
cd /etc mv yum.repos.d yum.repos.d.bak mkdir yum.repos.d wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo yum clean all yum makecache -
安装依赖包：
yum -y install binutils \ compat-libstdc++-33 \ elfutils-libelf \ elfutils-libelf-devel \ expat \ gcc \ gcc-c++ \ glibc \ glibc-common \ glibc-devel \ glibc-headers \ libaio \ libaio-devel \ libgcc \ libstdc++ \ libstdc++-devel \ make \ pdksh \ sysstat \ unixODBC \ unixODBC-devel -
检查依赖是否安装完整：
rpm -q \ binutils \ compat-libstdc++-33 \ elfutils-libelf \ elfutils-libelf-devel \ expat \ gcc \ gcc-c++ \ glibc \ glibc-common \ glibc-devel \ glibc-headers \ libaio \ libaio-devel \ libgcc \ libstdc++ \ libstdc++-devel \ make \ pdksh \ sysstat \ unixODBC \ unixODBC-devel | grep "not installed" -
添加oracle用户组和用户：
groupadd oinstall groupadd dba groupadd asmadmin groupadd asmdba useradd -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba oracle -d /home/oracle -
添加完成后，查看oracle用户：
id oracle -
初始化oracle用户的密码：
passwd oracle
##配置hostname（本机IP映射）
vi /etc/hosts
192.168.199.110 oracle
# 测试hostname
ping -c 3 oracle
##优化OS内核参数
##编辑文件
vi /etc/sysctl.conf
## 内容如下：
fs.aio-max-nr=1048576
fs.file-max=6815744
kernel.shmall=2097152
kernel.shmmni=4096
kernel.shmmax = 536870912
kernel.sem=250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range=9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default=262144
net.core.rmem_max=4194304
net.core.wmem_default=262144
net.core.wmem_max=1048586
##退出编辑，使参数生效:
sysctl -p
##限制oracle用户的shell权限:
##编辑文件
vi /etc/security/limits.conf
#在末尾添加
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240
oracle hard stack 10240
vi /etc/pam.d/login
session required /lib64/security/pam_limits.so
session required pam_limits.so
vi /etc/profile
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi
--------------------------------------------------------
##使之生效：
source /etc/profile
##创建oracle安装目录:
mkdir -p /db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0
mkdir /db/app/oracle/oradata
mkdir /db/app/oracle/oraInventory
mkdir /db/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area
chown -R oracle:oinstall /db/app/oracle
chmod -R 775 /db/app/oracle
-
创建 vi /etc/oraInst.loc
inventory_loc=/db/app/oracle/oraInventory inst_group=oinstall -
授权：
chown oracle:oinstall /etc/oraInst.loc chmod 664 /etc/oraInst.loc -
配置oracle用户环境变量:
su oracle ## 切换用户，oracle用户登陆 ##编辑文件 vi .bash_profile export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracle export ORACLE_BASE=/db/app/oracle export ORACLE_SID=ORCL export LC_ALL="en_US" export LANG="en_US" export NLS_LANG="AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK" export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS" ## 以上配置完成后，建议重启系统 或分别执行以下命令： source /home/oracle/.bash_profile env -
解压oracle压缩文件到 /db：
# 上传linux.x64_11gR2_database_*of2.zip文件至/db/目录; cd /db/ ls unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip -d /db unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip -d /db # 解压完成后: # 登录Root,复制授权 su root mkdir /home/oracle/etc/ cp /db/database/response/* /home/oracle/etc/ chmod 777 /home/oracle/etc/*.rsp # 登录oracle用户： su oracle ##编辑文件 vi /home/oracle/etc/db_install.rsp ## 信息如下： oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall INVENTORY_LOCATION=/db/app/oracle/oraInventory SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracle ORACLE_HOME=/db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1 ORACLE_BASE=/db/app/oracle oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=true oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=orcl oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=orcl oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=512 oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=oracle DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true
##开始安装：
su oracle
./runInstaller -silent -force -responseFile /home/oracle/etc/db_install.rsp -ignorePrereq
## 安装期间可以使用tail命令监看oracle的安装日志
tail -f /db/app/oracle/oraInventory/logs/installActions2019-05-25_10-38-29AM.log
安装完成，提示:
Successfully Setup Software.
-
使用root用户执行脚本:
su - root /db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.sh -
增加oracle的环境变量:
su oracle vi ~/.bash_profile export ORACLE_HOME=/db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1 export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin export PATH=.:${PATH}:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin export PATH=${PATH}:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/local/bin export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/lib export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/oracm/lib export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib export CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib export CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib export CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/network/jlib export LIBPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$ORACLE_HOME/ctx/lib export ORACLE_OWNER=oracle export SPFILE_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs export ORA_NLS10=$ORACLE_HOME/nls/data #生效 source ~/.bash_profile -
配置监听程序:
##在bin文件夹下面
[oracle@oracle bin]$ pwd
/db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin
[oracle@oracle bin]$ ./netca /silent /responseFile /home/oracle/etc/netca.rsp -
启动监控程序:
##在bin文件夹下面 [oracle@oracle bin]$ pwd /db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin # 启动监听 [oracle@oracle bin]$ lsnrctl start # 查看监听状态 [oracle@oracle bin]$ lsnrctl start LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 25-MAY-2019 00:13:21 Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1522))) STATUS of the LISTENER ------------------------ Alias LISTENER Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production Start Date 25-MAY-2019 00:05:55 Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 7 min. 32 sec Trace Level off Security ON: Local OS Authentication SNMP OFF Listener Parameter File /db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora Listener Log File /db/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/oracle/listener/alert/log.xml Listening Endpoints Summary... (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1522))) (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle)(PORT=1522))) The listener supports no services The command completed successfully [oracle@oracle bin]$ -
静默dbca建库
##编辑应答文件: [oracle@oracle ~]$ vi /etc/dbca.rsp GDBNAME="orcl.oracle" SID="orcl" SYSPASSWORD = "oracle" SYSTEMPASSWORD = "oracle" CHARACTERSET="AL32UTF8" NATIONALCHARACTERSET="UTF8" # 执行： $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbca -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/etc/dbca.rsp -
建库:
[oracle@oracle bin]$ pwd /db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin [oracle@oracle bin]$ dbca -silent -responseFile etc/dbca.rsp
至此完成数据库实例的创建。
-
删除实例：
[oracle@oracle ~]$ dbca -silent -deleteDatabase -sourcedb orcl
##设置Oracle开机启动
[oracle@oracle bin]$ vi /etc/oratab
orcl:/db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1:Y # //把“N”改成“Y”
# 保存退出
[oracle@oracle bin]$ pwd
/db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin
# 通过dbstart 启动此实例，监听器
## ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER is not SET, unable to auto-start Oracle Net Listener
## Usage: ./dbstart ORACLE_HOME
[oracle@oracle bin]$ ./dbstart KaTeX parse error: Expected 'EOF', got '#' at position 15: ORACLE_HOME; #̲ oracle的进程关闭，监听… ./dbshut KaTeX parse error: Expected 'EOF', got '#' at position 15: ORACLE_HOME; #̲ 启动监听 [oracle@… ./lsnrctl start;
# 查看监听
[oracle@oracle bin]$ ./lsnrctl status
##登录Oracle
[oracle@oracle bin]$ pwd
/db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin
[oracle@oracle bin]$ ./sqlplus /nolog
# 进入系统管理用户
SQL> conn / as sysdba
Connected to an idle instance.
# 启动oracle实例
SQL> startup;
#可能会出现的问题
###1. 错误信息：ORA-12162: TNS:net service name is incorrectly specified
[oracle@oracle bin]$ ./sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Sat May 25 00:20:45 2019
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
ERROR:
ORA-12162: TNS:net service name is incorrectly specified
###解决：
####1. 系统当前的ORACLE_HOME和ORACLE_SID环境变量：
[oracle@oracle bin]$ echo O R A C L E H O M E / d b / a p p / o r a c l e / p r o d u c t / 11.2.0 / d b 1 [ o r a c l e @ o r a c l e b i n ] ORACLE_HOME /db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1 [oracle@oracle bin] ORACLEHOME/db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db1[oracle@oraclebin] echo $ORACLE_SID
[oracle@oracle bin]$
此时只设置了ORACLE_HOME环境变量，但ORACLE_SID此时为空，这就是该问题的真实原因。
####2. 给出ORACLE_SID，重新尝试登录：
# 方法（一）：
[oracle@oracle bin]$ export ORACLE_SID=ora11g
[oracle@oracle bin]$ echo $ORACLE_SID
ora11g
# 方法（二）：
[oracle@oracle bin]$ vi ~/.bash_profile
export ORACLE_SID=ora11g
# 保存退出,使其生效
[oracle@oracle bin]$ source ~/.bash_profile
# 登录oracle
[oracle@oracle bin]$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Sat May 25 00:37:35 2019
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
SQL> conn / as sysdba
Connected to an idle instance.
###2. 错误信息：LRM-00109: could not open parameter file ‘/db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initora11g.ora’
SQL> startup
ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
LRM-00109: could not open parameter file ‘/db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initora11g.ora’
###解决：
####1.查看文件
cd /db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs
ls
# 查看initora11g.ora不存在;
####2. 复制文件及改名
[root@oracle admin]# cd /db/app/oracle/admin/orcl/pfile/
[root@oracle pfile]# ls
init.ora.4242019231824
[root@oracle pfile]# cp ./init.ora.4242019231824 /db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/
[root@oracle pfile]# cd /db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/
[root@oracle dbs]# ls
hc_ora11g.dat init.ora init.ora.4242019231824 lkORCL orapworcl
[root@oracle dbs]# mv ./init.ora.4242019231824 initora11g.ora
[root@oracle dbs]# chmod -R 777 /db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initora11g.ora
####4. 登录验证startup命令
[oracle@oracle bin]$ sqlplus “/as sysdba”
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Sat May 25 01:33:36 2019
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 1586708480 bytes
Fixed Size 2213736 bytes
Variable Size 922749080 bytes
Database Buffers 654311424 bytes
Redo Buffers 7434240 bytes
ORA-00205: error in identifying control file, check alert log for more info
SQL>