Ubuntu18.04安装之后的配置

Ubuntu18.04安装之后的配置

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1. 更新国内的Ubuntu源

sudo gedit  /etc/apt/sources.list

#阿里雲的源

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

#163源

deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

保存之後執行 sudo apt-get update 與sudo apt-get upgrade

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2. Windows10与Ubuntu18.04同步时间

先在ubuntu下更新一下时间，确保时间无误：

sudo apt install ntpdate

sudo ntpdate time.windows.com

然后将时间更新到硬件上

sudo hwclock --localtime --systohc

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3. 安裝Java的jdk

到官網（https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk8-downloads-2133151.html）下載jdk的壓縮文件；

解壓到/usr/lib/java（沒有就新建sudo mkdir /usr/lib/java），配置環境變量；

執行sudo gedit /etc/profile 輸入jdk的配置信息如下：

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/java/jdk1.8.0_172

export JRE_HOME=${JAVA_HOME}/jre

export CLASSPATH=.:${JAVA_HOME}/lib:${JRE_HOME}/lib

export PATH=.:${JAVA_HOME}/bin:$PATH

重啓環境變量 source /etc/profile

驗證jdk是否安裝完成 Java -version

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4.安裝Googlechrome瀏覽器

sudo wget http://www.linuxidc.com/files/repo/google-chrome.list -P /etc/apt/sources.list.d/

wget -q -O - https://dl.google.com/linux/linux_signing_key.pub | sudo apt-key add -

sudo apt update

sudo apt install google-chrome-stable

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5.安裝搜狗拼音輸入法

sudo apt-get install fcitx-bin      #安装fcitx-bin

sudo apt-get update --fix-missing   #修复fcitx-bin安装失败的情况

sudo apt-get install fcitx-bin      #重新安装fcitx-bin

sudo apt-get install fcitx-table    #安装fcitx-table

然后去搜狗输入法Linux官网下载64bit的程序

sudo dpkg -i sogoupinyin*.deb       #安装搜狗拼音

sudo apt-get install -f             #修复搜狗拼音安装的错误

sudo dpkg -i sogoupinyin*.deb       #重新安装搜狗拼音

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6.使用Tweaks对gnome进行美化

sudo apt-get install gnome-tweak-tool   #安装tweak

sudo apt-get install gnome-shell-extensions -y  #安装shell扩展

sudo apt install chrome-gnome-shell   #为了能在浏览器内安装gnome插件

sudo apt-get install gtk2-engines-pixbuf    #防止GTK2错误

sudo apt install libxml2-utils

圖標：圖標文件解壓到/usr/share/icons

主題：主題文件解壓到/usr/share/themes

Shell：shell主題文件解壓到/usr/share/gnome-shel（/usr/share/themes）

主題美化網址：https://www.gnome-look.org/

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7.安裝多版本Python與pip

sudo apt install python2.7  #安装python2.7

sudo apt install python-minimal

sudo apt install curl

curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py -o get-pip.py

sudo apt install python3--pip     #安装pip3

sudo apt install python2-pip      #安装pip2

sudo apt install python-testresources   #防止pip2出错

sudo apt install python3-testresources  #防止pip3出错

sudo pip3 install --upgrade pip #升级pip3

sudo pip2 install --upgrade pip #升级pip2

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8.安裝Pycharm

安裝：

到官網（http://www.jetbrains.com/pycharm/download/）下載pycharm的Linux安裝；

解壓到optm目錄下，進入到pycharm的bin目錄下，執行sh ./pycharm.sh；

破解 ：

修改hosts（/etc/hosts）文件，在文件的最後加入 0.0.0.0 account.jetbrains.com；

將破解腳本(http://idea.lanyus.com/)移動到pycharm安裝的bin目錄；

在文件pycharm.exe.vmoptions 與pycharm64.exe.vmoptions加入如下內容：

-javaagent:/opt/pycharm-2018.3.5/bin/JetbrainsCrack-4.2-release-enc.jar

運行pycharm激活在Activation code中输入以下内容激活：

ThisCrackLicenseId-{

"licenseId":"11011",

"licenseeName":"suiyi",

"assigneeName":"Suiyiqi",

"assigneeEmail":"suiyi@Suiyiqi",

"licenseRestriction":"",

"checkConcurrentUse":false,

"products":[

{"code":"II","paidUpTo":"2099-12-31"},

{"code":"DM","paidUpTo":"2099-12-31"},

{"code":"AC","paidUpTo":"2099-12-31"},

{"code":"RS0","paidUpTo":"2099-12-31"},

{"code":"WS","paidUpTo":"2099-12-31"},

{"code":"DPN","paidUpTo":"2099-12-31"},

{"code":"RC","paidUpTo":"2099-12-31"},

{"code":"PS","paidUpTo":"2099-12-31"},

{"code":"DC","paidUpTo":"2099-12-31"},

{"code":"RM","paidUpTo":"2099-12-31"},

{"code":"CL","paidUpTo":"2099-12-31"},

{"code":"PC","paidUpTo":"2099-12-31"}

],

"hash":"2911276/0",

"gracePeriodDays":7,

"autoProlongated":false}

创建图标：

用命令启动pycharm后点击，configure——>Create Destop Entry；

重新输入激活码即可。

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9.安装TensorFlow

Python3安装：

pip3 install -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/ https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/tensorflow/linux/cpu/tensorflow-1.3.0-cp36-cp36m-linux_x86_64.whl

Python2安装：

pip install -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/ https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/tensorflow/linux/cpu/tensorflow-1.3.0-cp27-none-linux_x86_64.whl

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10.安装pytorch

Python2安装：

pip install https://download.pytorch.org/whl/cpu/torch-1.0.1.post2-cp27-cp27mu-linux_x86_64.whl

pip install torchvision

Python3安装：

pip3 install https://download.pytorch.org/whl/cpu/torch-1.0.1.post2-cp36-cp36m-linux_x86_64.whl

pip3 install torchvision

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11.安装WPS

到官网（http://community.wps.cn/download/）下载wps的Linux版本，下载完成后双击下载的安装包，自动进行安装；

WPS字体问题：

下载wps字体（https://pan.baidu.com/s/1eS6xIzo）；

新建WPS字体存放的文件夹 sudo mkdir sudo mkdir /usr/share/fonts/wps-fonts；

将下载的字体解压到/usr/share/fonts/wps-fonts目录下；

消除一下缓存和生成新的缓存运行如下命令：

sudo mkfontscale

sudo mkfontdir

sudo fc-cache

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12.安装网易云音乐

到官网下载Linux版本的安装包，下载完成后点击下载的安装包进行安装；

客户端启动问题：

修改快捷方式sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/netease-cloud-music.desktop；

将Exec=netease-cloud-music %U 修改为：Exec=netease-cloud-music --no-sandbox %U，

或修改为：Exec=sh -c "unset SESSION_MANAGER && netease-cloud-music %U"；

保存之后重启电脑。

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13.美化Grub启动界面

创建themes文件目录：sudo mkdir /boot/grub/themes；

将下载的grub主题解压到/boot/grub/themes目录下；

修改启动配置文件：sudo gedit /etc/grub.d/00_header，在该文件的注释下添加如下内容：

GRUB_THEME="/boot/grub/themes/主题包名/theme.txt"

GRUB_GFXMODE="1920x1080x32"

更新配置文件：sudo update-grub

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14.修改启动顺序

修改启动配置文件：sudo gedit /etc/default/grub

将文件的GRUB-DEFAULT=0（0表示第一项优先启动）中的数字修为启动顺序的序号

注意：应给将启动的序号减去“1”，后为实际的启动序号。

更新配置：sudo update-grub