MIT License探讨

MIT License是一种非常宽松的协议。它本身的条款非常简单明了,在OSI的网站上有其标准模板,https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT,直接复制如下:

The MIT License (MIT)

Copyright (c)

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sub license, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

协议声明中除了要求所有对被许可的软件的复制需要包含MIT License的声明之外,没有任何限制。所以它又被称为Expat License,与GPL相似,但又不像GPL那样要求使用方开源。所以在GNU的官网上,特别建议使用Apache2.0协议,而原因就是Apache2.0中对于专利的限制。Apache2.0的协议声明比较长,我正在努力研读中。

MIT License的第一行声明了它是一份copyright,而不是copyleft,以及生效的开始时间和版权的所有人。就是对应软件首次发布的时间。在我之前服务的公司里,我们被律师要求每一个文件的头部必须包含一段协议声明,而且必须包括文件第一次发布的年份和最新一次更改的年份,如果两者相同,则只写一个年份,否则用逗号分隔2个年份。所以每年新版本发布前,我们都要运行一个程序自动检查scm中每个文件的更改时间并做调整。至于为什么要标注修改年份,我还没有弄明白,刚刚google了一下,好像是根据美国版权局(US Copyright Office)的要求吧。

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