结构体、结构体体指针作为函数返回值

函数使用结构体、结构体指针作为返回值分析

32位机,gcc编译器

使用结构体作为返回值

分析反汇编代码可知,当被调用的子函数返回值为结构体的时候,调用函数将分配一段空间用于存放返回的结构体(使用一个结构体变量接受返回值),并将这段空间的地址作为调用时的参数压栈。子程序不负责对要返回的结构体分配空间。最后返回eax中存放的是结构体空间(栈中)的地址。在子程序退出的时候,调用函数可以在自己的栈帧中访问到返回的值。

#include 

typedef struct {
        int a;
        int b;
}Stu;

Stu getStu(int x, int y)
{
        Stu result;
        result.a = x;
        result.b = y;
        return result;
}

int main()
{
        int a = 2, b = 3;
        Stu test = getStu(a, b);
        printf("%d %d\n", test.a, test.b);
        return 0;
}

反汇编代码如下:

080483c4 :
 80483c4:       55                      push   %ebp
 80483c5:       89 e5                   mov    %esp,%ebp
 80483c7:       83 ec 10                sub    $0x10,%esp
 80483ca:       8b 4d 08                mov    0x8(%ebp),%ecx
 80483cd:       8b 45 0c                mov    0xc(%ebp),%eax
 80483d0:       89 45 f8                mov    %eax,-0x8(%ebp)
 80483d3:       8b 45 10                mov    0x10(%ebp),%eax
 80483d6:       89 45 fc                mov    %eax,-0x4(%ebp)
 80483d9:       8b 45 f8                mov    -0x8(%ebp),%eax
 80483dc:       8b 55 fc                mov    -0x4(%ebp),%edx
 80483df:       89 01                   mov    %eax,(%ecx)
 80483e1:       89 51 04                mov    %edx,0x4(%ecx)
 80483e4:       89 c8                   mov    %ecx,%eax
 80483e6:       c9                      leave
 80483e7:       c2 04 00                ret    $0x4

080483ea 
: 80483ea: 8d 4c 24 04 lea 0x4(%esp),%ecx 80483ee: 83 e4 f0 and $0xfffffff0,%esp 80483f1: ff 71 fc pushl -0x4(%ecx) 80483f4: 55 push %ebp 80483f5: 89 e5 mov %esp,%ebp 80483f7: 51 push %ecx 80483f8: 83 ec 24 sub $0x24,%esp 80483fb: c7 45 f0 02 00 00 00 movl $0x2,-0x10(%ebp) 8048402: c7 45 f4 03 00 00 00 movl $0x3,-0xc(%ebp) 8048409: 8d 45 e8 lea -0x18(%ebp),%eax 804840c: 8b 55 f4 mov -0xc(%ebp),%edx 804840f: 89 54 24 08 mov %edx,0x8(%esp) 8048413: 8b 55 f0 mov -0x10(%ebp),%edx 8048416: 89 54 24 04 mov %edx,0x4(%esp) 804841a: 89 04 24 mov %eax,(%esp) 804841d: e8 a2 ff ff ff call 80483c4 8048422: 83 ec 04 sub $0x4,%esp 8048425: 8b 4d ec mov -0x14(%ebp),%ecx 8048428: 8b 55 e8 mov -0x18(%ebp),%edx 804842b: b8 14 85 04 08 mov $0x8048514,%eax 8048430: 89 4c 24 08 mov %ecx,0x8(%esp) 8048434: 89 54 24 04 mov %edx,0x4(%esp) 8048438: 89 04 24 mov %eax,(%esp) 804843b: e8 b4 fe ff ff call 80482f4 @plt> 8048440: b8 00 00 00 00 mov $0x0,%eax 8048445: 8b 4d fc mov -0x4(%ebp),%ecx 8048448: c9 leave 8048449: 8d 61 fc lea -0x4(%ecx),%esp

使用结构体指针作为返回值

在反汇编代码中可以看到,子程序填充malloc在堆中生成的结构体空间,并将其地址存放在eax中返回。但是这种使用方式存在的很大问题是在子程序中使用到了malloc但是没有与之对应的free,如果在调用函数中忽视释放操作的话将会导致堆内存的泄露。当然在C++中可以使用构造函数和析构函数处理这些细节。

测试使用的C程序:

#include 
#include 

typedef struct {
        int a;
        int b;
}Stu;

Stu * getStu(int x, int y)
{
        Stu *pStu = malloc(sizeof(Stu));
        pStu->a = x;
        pStu->b = y;
        return pStu;
}

int main()
{
        int x = 2, y = 3;
        Stu *pStu = getStu(x, y);
        printf("%d %d\n", pStu->a, pStu->b);
        free(pStu);
        return 0;
}

反汇编部分代码如下:

08048424 :
 8048424:       55                      push   %ebp 
 8048425:       89 e5                   mov    %esp,%ebp 
 8048427:       83 ec 28                sub    $0x28,%esp 
 804842a:       c7 04 24 08 00 00 00    movl   $0x8,(%esp)
 8048431:       e8 1e ff ff ff          call   8048354 @plt>
 8048436:       89 45 f4                mov    %eax,-0xc(%ebp)
 8048439:       8b 45 f4                mov    -0xc(%ebp),%eax 
 804843c:       8b 55 08                mov    0x8(%ebp),%edx 
 804843f:       89 10                   mov    %edx,(%eax)
 8048441:       8b 45 f4                mov    -0xc(%ebp),%eax 
 8048444:       8b 55 0c                mov    0xc(%ebp),%edx 
 8048447:       89 50 04                mov    %edx,0x4(%eax)
 804844a:       8b 45 f4                mov    -0xc(%ebp),%eax 
 804844d:       c9                      leave 
 804844e:       c3                      ret 

0804844f 
: 804844f: 55 push %ebp 8048450: 89 e5 mov %esp,%ebp 8048452: 83 e4 f0 and $0xfffffff0,%esp 8048455: 83 ec 20 sub $0x20,%esp 8048458: c7 44 24 14 02 00 00 movl $0x2,0x14(%esp) 804845f: 00 8048460: c7 44 24 18 03 00 00 movl $0x3,0x18(%esp) 8048467: 00 8048468: 8b 44 24 18 mov 0x18(%esp),%eax 804846c: 89 44 24 04 mov %eax,0x4(%esp) 8048470: 8b 44 24 14 mov 0x14(%esp),%eax 8048474: 89 04 24 mov %eax,(%esp) 8048477: e8 a8 ff ff ff call 8048424 804847c: 89 44 24 1c mov %eax,0x1c(%esp) 8048480: 8b 44 24 1c mov 0x1c(%esp),%eax 8048484: 8b 48 04 mov 0x4(%eax),%ecx 8048487: 8b 44 24 1c mov 0x1c(%esp),%eax 804848b: 8b 10 mov (%eax),%edx 804848d: b8 84 85 04 08 mov $0x8048584,%eax 8048492: 89 4c 24 08 mov %ecx,0x8(%esp) 8048496: 89 54 24 04 mov %edx,0x4(%esp) 804849a: 89 04 24 mov %eax,(%esp)

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