Github Webbench 源码分析+学习（待续）
前言：
Webbench 是一个古老而著名的网站压力测试工具，简单而实用。如果你不清楚你的网站能承受多大的压力，或者你想分析对比两个网站的性能，webbench 再好用不过了。
Gitbub 地址：https://github.com/cnnewjohn/webbench
Gitbub 地址：https://github.com/cnnewjohn/webbench
1，linux编程学习：Makefile
记得以前linux程序都是直接g++编译的（好几行是一个命令，好low），看到这么长的Makefile简直懵逼了，下面逐句学习，见注释。另外如何Makefile进行GDB调试。
--》
- * :: 表示任意一个或多个字符
- ? :: 表示任意一个字符
- [...] :: ex. [abcd] 表示a,b,c,d中任意一个字符, [^abcd]表示除a,b,c,d以外的字符, [0-9]表示 0~9中任意一个数字
- ~ :: 表示用户的home目录
查看C文件的依赖关系 ：
写 Makefile 的时候, 需要确定每个目标的依赖关系.
GNU提供一个机制可以查看C代码文件依赖那些文件, 这样我们在写 Makefile 目标的时候就不用打开C源码来看其依赖那些文件了.
比如, 下面命令显示内核源码中 virt/kvm/kvm_main.c 中的依赖关系
$ cd virt/kvm/ $ gcc -MM kvm_main.c kvm_main.o: kvm_main.c iodev.h coalesced_mmio.h async_pf.h <-- 这句就可以加到 Makefile 中作为编译 kvm_main.o 的依赖关系
Makefile源代码：
CFLAGS?= -Wall -ggdb -W -O
CC?= gcc
LIBS?=
LDFLAGS?=
PREFIX?= /usr/local
VERSION=1.5
TMPDIR=/tmp/webbench-$(VERSION)
all: webbench tags
tags: *.c
-ctags *.c
install: webbench
install -s webbench $(DESTDIR)$(PREFIX)/bin
install -m 644 webbench.1 $(DESTDIR)$(PREFIX)/man/man1
install -d $(DESTDIR)$(PREFIX)/share/doc/webbench
install -m 644 debian/copyright $(DESTDIR)$(PREFIX)/share/doc/webbench
install -m 644 debian/changelog $(DESTDIR)$(PREFIX)/share/doc/webbench
webbench: webbench.o Makefile
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) -o webbench webbench.o $(LIBS)
clean:
-rm -f *.o webbench *~ core *.core tags
tar: clean
-debian/rules clean
rm -rf $(TMPDIR)
install -d $(TMPDIR)
cp -p Makefile webbench.c socket.c webbench.1 $(TMPDIR)
install -d $(TMPDIR)/debian
-cp -p debian/* $(TMPDIR)/debian
ln -sf debian/copyright $(TMPDIR)/COPYRIGHT
ln -sf debian/changelog $(TMPDIR)/ChangeLog
-cd $(TMPDIR) && cd .. && tar cozf webbench-$(VERSION).tar.gz webbench-$(VERSION)
.PHONY: clean install all tarcc -Wall -ggdb -W -O -c -o webbench.o webbench.c
cc -Wall -ggdb -W -O -o webbench webbench.o
ctags *.c
/bin/sh: 1: ctags: not found
make: [tags] Error 127 (ignored)2，网络编程和多线程编程学习。
主要函数：
alarm_handler 信号处理函数，时钟结束时进行调用。
usage 输出 webbench 命令用法
main 提供程序入口...
build_request 构造 HTTP 请求
bench 派生子进程，父子进程管道通信最后输出计算结果。
benchcore 每个子进程的实际发起请求函数。
主要流程：
说一下程序执行的主要流程：
1. 解析命令行参数，根据命令行指定参数设定变量，可以认为是初始化配置。
2.根据指定的配置构造 HTTP 请求报文格式。
3.开始执行 bench 函数，先进行一次 socket 连接建立与断开，测试是否可以正常访问。
4.建立管道，派生根据指定进程数派生子进程。
5.每个子进程调用 benchcore 函数，先通过 sigaction 安装信号，用 alarm 设置闹钟函数，接着不断建立 socket 进行通信，与服务器交互数据，直到收到信号结束访问测试。子进程将访问测试结果写进管道。
alarm_handler 信号处理函数，时钟结束时进行调用。
usage 输出 webbench 命令用法
main 提供程序入口...
build_request 构造 HTTP 请求
bench 派生子进程，父子进程管道通信最后输出计算结果。
benchcore 每个子进程的实际发起请求函数。
主要流程：
说一下程序执行的主要流程：
1. 解析命令行参数，根据命令行指定参数设定变量，可以认为是初始化配置。
2.根据指定的配置构造 HTTP 请求报文格式。
3.开始执行 bench 函数，先进行一次 socket 连接建立与断开，测试是否可以正常访问。
4.建立管道，派生根据指定进程数派生子进程。
5.每个子进程调用 benchcore 函数，先通过 sigaction 安装信号，用 alarm 设置闹钟函数，接着不断建立 socket 进行通信，与服务器交互数据，直到收到信号结束访问测试。子进程将访问测试结果写进管道。
源代码：
/*
* (C) Radim Kolar 1997-2004
* This is free software, see GNU Public License version 2 for
* details.
*
* Simple forking WWW Server benchmark:
*
* Usage:
* webbench --help
*
* Return codes:
* 0 - sucess
* 1 - benchmark failed (server is not on-line)
* 2 - bad param
* 3 - internal error, fork failed
*
*/
#include "socket.c"
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
/* values */
volatile int timerexpired=0;
int speed=0;
int failed=0;
int bytes=0;
/* globals */
int http10=1; /* 0 - http/0.9, 1 - http/1.0, 2 - http/1.1 */
/* Allow: GET, HEAD, OPTIONS, TRACE */
#define METHOD_GET 0
#define METHOD_HEAD 1
#define METHOD_OPTIONS 2
#define METHOD_TRACE 3
#define PROGRAM_VERSION "1.5"
int method=METHOD_GET;
int clients=1;
int force=0;
int force_reload=0;
int proxyport=80;
char *proxyhost=NULL;
int benchtime=30;
/* internal */
int mypipe[2];
char host[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
#define REQUEST_SIZE 2048
char request[REQUEST_SIZE];
static const struct option long_options[]=
{
{"force",no_argument,&force,1},
{"reload",no_argument,&force_reload,1},
{"time",required_argument,NULL,'t'},
{"help",no_argument,NULL,'?'},
{"http09",no_argument,NULL,'9'},
{"http10",no_argument,NULL,'1'},
{"http11",no_argument,NULL,'2'},
{"get",no_argument,&method,METHOD_GET},
{"head",no_argument,&method,METHOD_HEAD},
{"options",no_argument,&method,METHOD_OPTIONS},
{"trace",no_argument,&method,METHOD_TRACE},
{"version",no_argument,NULL,'V'},
{"proxy",required_argument,NULL,'p'},
{"clients",required_argument,NULL,'c'},
{NULL,0,NULL,0}
};
/* prototypes */
static void benchcore(const char* host,const int port, const char *request);
static int bench(void);
static void build_request(const char *url);
static void alarm_handler(int signal)
{
timerexpired=1;
}
static void usage(void)
{
fprintf(stderr,
"webbench [option]... URL\n"
" -f|--force Don't wait for reply from server.\n"
" -r|--reload Send reload request - Pragma: no-cache.\n"
" -t|--time Run benchmark for seconds. Default 30.\n"
" -p|--proxy Use proxy server for request.\n"
" -c|--clients Run HTTP clients at once. Default one.\n"
" -9|--http09 Use HTTP/0.9 style requests.\n"
" -1|--http10 Use HTTP/1.0 protocol.\n"
" -2|--http11 Use HTTP/1.1 protocol.\n"
" --get Use GET request method.\n"
" --head Use HEAD request method.\n"
" --options Use OPTIONS request method.\n"
" --trace Use TRACE request method.\n"
" -?|-h|--help This information.\n"
" -V|--version Display program version.\n"
);
};
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int opt=0;
int options_index=0;
char *tmp=NULL;
if(argc==1)
{
usage();
return 2;
}
while((opt=getopt_long(argc,argv,"912Vfrt:p:c:?h",long_options,&options_index))!=EOF )
{
switch(opt)
{
case 0 : break;
case 'f': force=1;break;
case 'r': force_reload=1;break;
case '9': http10=0;break;
case '1': http10=1;break;
case '2': http10=2;break;
case 'V': printf(PROGRAM_VERSION"\n");exit(0);
case 't': benchtime=atoi(optarg);break;
case 'p':
/* proxy server parsing server:port */
tmp=strrchr(optarg,':');
proxyhost=optarg;
if(tmp==NULL)
{
break;
}
if(tmp==optarg)
{
fprintf(stderr,"Error in option --proxy %s: Missing hostname.\n",optarg);
return 2;
}
if(tmp==optarg+strlen(optarg)-1)
{
fprintf(stderr,"Error in option --proxy %s Port number is missing.\n",optarg);
return 2;
}
*tmp='\0';
proxyport=atoi(tmp+1);break;
case ':':
case 'h':
case '?': usage();return 2;break;
case 'c': clients=atoi(optarg);break;
}
}
if(optind==argc) {
fprintf(stderr,"webbench: Missing URL!\n");
usage();
return 2;
}
if(clients==0) clients=1;
if(benchtime==0) benchtime=60;
/* Copyright */
fprintf(stderr,"Webbench - Simple Web Benchmark "PROGRAM_VERSION"\n"
"Copyright (c) Radim Kolar 1997-2004, GPL Open Source Software.\n"
);
build_request(argv[optind]);
/* print bench info */
printf("\nBenchmarking: ");
switch(method)
{
case METHOD_GET:
default:
printf("GET");break;
case METHOD_OPTIONS:
printf("OPTIONS");break;
case METHOD_HEAD:
printf("HEAD");break;
case METHOD_TRACE:
printf("TRACE");break;
}
printf(" %s",argv[optind]);
switch(http10)
{
case 0: printf(" (using HTTP/0.9)");break;
case 2: printf(" (using HTTP/1.1)");break;
}
printf("\n");
if(clients==1) printf("1 client");
else
printf("%d clients",clients);
printf(", running %d sec", benchtime);
if(force) printf(", early socket close");
if(proxyhost!=NULL) printf(", via proxy server %s:%d",proxyhost,proxyport);
if(force_reload) printf(", forcing reload");
printf(".\n");
return bench();
}
void build_request(const char *url)
{
char tmp[10];
int i;
bzero(host,MAXHOSTNAMELEN);
bzero(request,REQUEST_SIZE);
if(force_reload && proxyhost!=NULL && http10<1) http10=1;
if(method==METHOD_HEAD && http10<1) http10=1;
if(method==METHOD_OPTIONS && http10<2) http10=2;
if(method==METHOD_TRACE && http10<2) http10=2;
switch(method)
{
default:
case METHOD_GET: strcpy(request,"GET");break;
case METHOD_HEAD: strcpy(request,"HEAD");break;
case METHOD_OPTIONS: strcpy(request,"OPTIONS");break;
case METHOD_TRACE: strcpy(request,"TRACE");break;
}
strcat(request," ");
if(NULL==strstr(url,"://"))
{
fprintf(stderr, "\n%s: is not a valid URL.\n",url);
exit(2);
}
if(strlen(url)>1500)
{
fprintf(stderr,"URL is too long.\n");
exit(2);
}
if(proxyhost==NULL)
if (0!=strncasecmp("http://",url,7))
{ fprintf(stderr,"\nOnly HTTP protocol is directly supported, set --proxy for others.\n");
exit(2);
}
/* protocol/host delimiter */
i=strstr(url,"://")-url+3;
/* printf("%d\n",i); */
if(strchr(url+i,'/')==NULL) {
fprintf(stderr,"\nInvalid URL syntax - hostname don't ends with '/'.\n");
exit(2);
}
if(proxyhost==NULL)
{
/* get port from hostname */
if(index(url+i,':')!=NULL &&
index(url+i,':')0)
strcat(request,"User-Agent: WebBench "PROGRAM_VERSION"\r\n");
if(proxyhost==NULL && http10>0)
{
strcat(request,"Host: ");
strcat(request,host);
strcat(request,"\r\n");
}
if(force_reload && proxyhost!=NULL)
{
strcat(request,"Pragma: no-cache\r\n");
}
if(http10>1)
strcat(request,"Connection: close\r\n");
/* add empty line at end */
if(http10>0) strcat(request,"\r\n");
// printf("Req=%s\n",request);
}
/* vraci system rc error kod */
static int bench(void)
{
int i,j,k;
pid_t pid=0;
FILE *f;
/* check avaibility of target server */
i=Socket(proxyhost==NULL?host:proxyhost,proxyport);
if(i<0) {
fprintf(stderr,"\nConnect to server failed. Aborting benchmark.\n");
return 1;
}
close(i);
/* create pipe */
if(pipe(mypipe))
{
perror("pipe failed.");
return 3;
}
/* not needed, since we have alarm() in childrens */
/* wait 4 next system clock tick */
/*
cas=time(NULL);
while(time(NULL)==cas)
sched_yield();
*/
/* fork childs */
for(i=0;i0)
{
/* fprintf(stderr,"Correcting failed by signal\n"); */
failed--;
}
return;
}
s=Socket(host,port);
if(s<0) { failed++;continue;}
if(rlen!=write(s,req,rlen)) {failed++;close(s);continue;}
if(http10==0)
if(shutdown(s,1)) { failed++;close(s);continue;}
if(force==0)
{
/* read all available data from socket */
while(1)
{
if(timerexpired) break;
i=read(s,buf,1500);
/* fprintf(stderr,"%d\n",i); */
if(i<0)
{
failed++;
close(s);
goto nexttry;
}
else
if(i==0) break;
else
bytes+=i;
}
}
if(close(s)) {failed++;continue;}
speed++;
}
}
/* $Id: socket.c 1.1 1995/01/01 07:11:14 cthuang Exp $
*
* This module has been modified by Radim Kolar for OS/2 emx
*/
/***********************************************************************
module: socket.c
program: popclient
SCCS ID: @(#)socket.c 1.5 4/1/94
programmer: Virginia Tech Computing Center
compiler: DEC RISC C compiler (Ultrix 4.1)
environment: DEC Ultrix 4.3
description: UNIX sockets code.
***********************************************************************/
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
int Socket(const char *host, int clientPort)
{
int sock;
unsigned long inaddr;
struct sockaddr_in ad;
struct hostent *hp;
memset(&ad, 0, sizeof(ad));
ad.sin_family = AF_INET;
inaddr = inet_addr(host);
if (inaddr != INADDR_NONE)
memcpy(&ad.sin_addr, &inaddr, sizeof(inaddr));
else
{
hp = gethostbyname(host);
if (hp == NULL)
return -1;
memcpy(&ad.sin_addr, hp->h_addr, hp->h_length);
}
ad.sin_port = htons(clientPort);
sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if (sock < 0)
return sock;
if (connect(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&ad, sizeof(ad)) < 0)
return -1;
return sock;
}