[转] std::_Copy_impl

在C++ PRIMER中模拟实现vector容器所给的代码中,如果你用的是vs 2012的话,那么你会发现根本就不能通过编译,这时应该怎么办呢?

有问题代码为: uninitialized_copy(elements , first_free , newelements) ;
上述代码的目的是把elements到first_free之间的内存中的数据复制到以newelements开始的内存中

首先把这段代码放到vs 2010进行编译、运行你会发现只是弹出了如下的信息,但是能正确运行。

warning C4996: 'std::_Uninitialized_copy0': Function call with parameters that may be unsafe - this call relies on the caller to check that the passed values are correct. To disable this warning, use -D_SCL_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS. See documentation on how to use Visual C++ 'Checked Iterators'

在vs 2012中进行编译会弹出如下信息:

error C4996: 'std::_Uninitialized_copy0': Function call with parameters that may be unsafe - this call relies on the caller to check that the passed values are correct. To disable this warning, use -D_SCL_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS. See documentation on how to use Visual C++ 'Checked Iterators'


有上述代码的功能我想可以想到用如下的代码替代它: copy(elements , first_free , newelements) ; 

此时你会发现在vs 2012中的编译信息如下:

error C4996: 'std::_Copy_impl': Function call with parameters that may be unsafe - this call relies on the caller to check that the passed values are correct. To disable this warning, use -D_SCL_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS. See documentation on how to use Visual C++ 'Checked Iterators'

而在vs 2010中却仍可以正确编译并运行,所显示的编译信息如下:

warning C4996: 'std::_Copy_impl': Function call with parameters that may be unsafe - this call relies on the caller to check that the passed values are correct. To disable this warning, use -D_SCL_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS. See documentation on how to use Visual C++ 'Checked Iterators'

从编译的信息来看vs 2012有点矛盾的地方,也即error C4996 ... To disable this warning前面说是error后面却成了warning,逻辑上不太相符,当然这不排除是汉化引起的。

在vs 2012中不能像C++ PRIMER中所描述的那样使用这两个函数的原因是在vs 2012中提升了安全机制,在这里如果我们还是想直接使用这两个函数那么,我们可以在使用前添加如下的宏定义:

#ifndef _SECURE_SCL
#define _SECURE_SCL 0
#else
#undef _SECURE_SCL
#define _SECURE_SCL 0
#endif


#ifndef _ITERATOR_DEBUG_LEVEL
#define _ITERATOR_DEBUG_LEVEL 0
#else
#undef _ITERATOR_DEBUG_LEVEL
#define _ITERATOR_DEBUG_LEVEL 0
#endif

或者加入预处理器:(项目属性----C/C++----预处理----预处理器定义):
_SCL_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS

当然我们也可以不用这两个函数,而使用其它的函数来完成相同的功能,如以下几个函数:

1、 用头文件algorithm中提供的模板函数 copy (FwdIt first, FwdIt last, const T& x)来提供:
添加上述的宏定义,然后用
copy(elements , first_free , newelements) ; 

2、用头文件memory中allocator类提供的操作 constuct(p , t)来提供:
for(ptrdiff_t i=0 ; i
   alloc.construct(newelements+i , elements[i]) ;

3、用头文件memory中提供的模板函数 uninitialized_fill(FwdIt first, FwdIt last, const T& x)来提供:
for(ptrdiff_t i=0 ; i
   uninitialized_fill(newelements+i , newelements+i+1 , elements[i]) ;

4、用头文件algorithm中提供的模板函数 fill(FwdIt first, FwdIt last, const T& x)来提供:
for(ptrdiff_t i=0 ; i
   fill(newelements+i , newelements+i+1 , elements[i]) ;

5、用头文件memory.h中提供的函数 memcpy( void * dest, const void * src, size_t  count )或 memmove( void * dest, const void * src, size_t  count )来提供:(T是所写的模板类的模板参数)
memcpy(newelements , elements , size*sizeof(T)) ;
memmove(newelements , elements , size*sizeof(T)) ;



下面对上面用到的宏进行简单的介绍:

_SECURE_SCL (SCL)  macro defines whether Checked Iterators( Checked iterators ensure that the bounds of your container are not overwritten ) are enabled.
 If defined as 1, unsafe iterator use causes a runtime error and the program is terminated.
 If defined as 0, checked iterators are disabled.
 In debug mode, the default value for _SECURE_SCL is 1, meaning checked iterators are enabled. 
 In release mode, the default value for _SECURE_SCL is 0.


_HAS_ITERATOR_DEBUGGING (HID) macro defines whether the iterator debugging feature is enabled in a debug build.
 By default, iterator debugging is enabled. 


The following section describes the possible values of the SCL and HID macros :
SCL=0    Disables checked iterators.
SCL=1     Enables checked iterators.
HID=0     Disables iterator debugging in debug builds.
HID=1     Enables iterator debugging in debug builds. HID cannot be enabled in release builds.


The  _ITERATOR_DEBUG_LEVEL (IDL) macro supersedes and combines the functionality of the _SECURE_SCL (SCL) and _HAS_ITERATOR_DEBUGGING (HID) macros.


The following table describes how the IDL macro values supersede the SCL and HID macro values :

Compilation mode

New macro

Old macros

Description

Debug

 

 

 

 

IDL=0

SCL=0, HID=0

Disables checked iterators and disables iterator debugging.

 

IDL=1

SCL=1, HID=0

Enables checked iterators and disables iterator debugging.

 

IDL=2 (Default)

SCL=(does not apply), HID=1

By default, enables iterator debugging; checked iterators are not relevant.

Release

 

 

 

 

IDL=0 (Default)

SCL=0

By default, disables checked iterators.

 

IDL=1

SCL=1

Enables checked iterators; iterator debugging is not relevant.

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