Chart.js 是一套開放原始碼的「圖表」繪製函式庫,和其他第三方的圖表工具相比,Chart.js 的特色如下:
- 支援 HTML 5、響應式網頁 (RWD, Responsive Web Design)
- 可免費使用,且可作為商業用途
- 開放原始碼 (GitHub)
- 可用 JavaScript 操作及開發
- 可與 JSON 格式整合,因此能與 ASP.NET MVC、ASP.NET WebAPI、AJAX 技術作整合,便於資料傳遞
圖 1 本文範例的執行畫面 (.html、.cshtml)
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本文的 ASP.NET MVC 範例下載:
https://files.cnblogs.com/files/WizardWu/190101.zip
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Chart.js 官方網站:
https://www.chartjs.org/
Chart.js 使用方式:
Visual Studio 中的引用方式,用 NuGet 安裝 Chart.js,並在頁面中引用 Chart.min.js。
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以下的範例 1,以單純的 .html 來測試 Chart.js (不使用 .NET / C#)。資料來源,是寫死在頁面裡的 JavaScript。
1 DOCTYPE html> 2 <html> 3 <head> 4 <meta charset="utf-8" /> 5 <title>title> 6 7 <script src="../Scripts/Chart.min.js">script> 8 head> 9 <body> 10 <canvas id="myChart">canvas> 11 12 <script> 13 var ctx = document.getElementById("myChart"); 14 var chart = new Chart(ctx, { 15 type: "line", 16 data: { 17 labels: ['1月', '2月', '3月', '4月', '5月', '6月'], 18 datasets: [{ 19 label: "台北", 20 fill: false, 21 backgroundColor: 'rgba(255,165,0,0.3)', 22 borderColor: 'rgb(255,135,20)', 23 pointStyle: "circle", 24 pointBackgroundColor: 'rgb(0,222,0)', 25 pointRadius: 5, 26 pointHoverRadius: 10, 27 data: [13.1, 10.2, 13.5, 20.9, 25.2, 27.1, 31.8] 28 }, { 29 label: "高雄", 30 fill: false, 31 backgroundColor: 'rgba(0,255,255,0.3)', 32 borderColor: 'rgb(0,225,255)', 33 pointStyle: "triangle", 34 pointBackgroundColor: 'blue', 35 pointRadius: 5, 36 pointHoverRadius: 10, 37 data: [29.1, 28.3, 22.6, 25.4, 27.5, 23.4] 38 39 }, { 40 label: "越南", 41 fill: false, 42 backgroundColor: 'rgba(153,50,204,0.3)', 43 borderColor: 'rgb(123,55,190)', 44 pointStyle: "rect", 45 pointBackgroundColor: 'rgb(220,20,60)', 46 pointRadius: 5, 47 pointHoverRadius: 10, 48 data: [16.6, 17.3, 19.2, 23.8, 12.0, 17.6] 49 50 }] 51 }, 52 options: { 53 responsive: true, 54 title: { 55 display: true, 56 fontSize: 26, 57 text: '2019 年各分公司 1 - 6 月份營業額' 58 }, 59 tooltips: { 60 mode: 'point', 61 intersect: true, 62 }, 63 hover: { 64 mode: 'nearest', 65 intersect: true 66 }, 67 scales: { 68 xAxes: [{ 69 display: true, 70 scaleLabel: { 71 display: true, 72 labelString: '月份', 73 fontSize: 15 74 }, 75 ticks: { 76 fontSize: 15 77 } 78 }], 79 yAxes: [{ 80 display: true, 81 scaleLabel: { 82 display: true, 83 labelString: '百萬(美元)', 84 fontSize: 15 85 }, 86 ticks: { 87 fontSize: 15 88 } 89 }] 90 }, 91 animation: { 92 duration: 2000 93 } 94 } 95 }); 96 script> 97 body> 98 html>
以下的範例 2,使用 ASP.NET MVC 來測試 Chart.js。
資料來源,取自 Controller 層 (C# Collection 轉成 JSON 格式)。亦可改成取自 WebAPI 或資料庫。
1 using System.Web.Mvc; 2 using ChartJS.Models; 3 using Newtonsoft.Json; 4 using Newtonsoft.Json.Linq; 5 6 namespace ChartJS.Controllers 7 { 8 public class BranchController : Controller 9 { 10 // GET: Branch 11 public ActionResult Index() 12 { 13 return View(); 14 } 15 16 public ActionResult getBusinessJsonData() 17 { 18 string[] arrMonth = { "1月", "2月", "3月", "4月", "5月", "6月" }; 19 20 //C# convert JSON string 21 string jsonMonth = Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.SerializeObject(arrMonth); 22 ViewBag.JsonMonth = jsonMonth; 23 24 Listbranchs = new List 25 { 26 new Branch 27 { 28 City="台北", 29 Business = new double[] { 13.1, 10.2, 13.5, 20.9, 25.2, 27.1, 31.8 } 30 }, 31 new Branch{ 32 City="高雄", 33 Business = new double[] { 29.1, 28.3, 22.6, 25.4, 27.5, 23.4 } 34 35 }, 36 new Branch{ 37 City="越南", 38 Business = new double[] { 16.6, 17.3, 19.2, 23.8, 12.0, 17.6 } 39 } 40 }; 41 42 //C# convert JSON string 43 string jsonBusiness = Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.SerializeObject(branchs); 44 ViewBag.JsonBusiness = jsonBusiness; 45 46 //回傳 JSON 格式,讓各種 client 裝置,以 AJAX 方式呼叫的 API 47 //return Json(branchs, JsonRequestBehavior.AllowGet); 48 49 return View(branchs); 50 } 51 } 52 }
1 @model IEnumerable<ChartJS.Models.Branch> 2 3 @{ 4 ViewBag.Title = "Chart.js 範例"; 5 } 6 @*<h2>Indexh2>*@ 7 8 <script src="../Scripts/Chart.min.js">script> 9 10 <canvas id="myChart">canvas> 11 12 <table> 13 14 @*@{ var js = new System.Web.Script.Serialization.JavaScriptSerializer(); } 15 16 @foreach (var m in Model) 17 { 18 <tr> 19 <td>@Html.DisplayFor(x => m.City)td> 20 <td>@js.Serialize(m.Business)td> 21 tr> 22 }*@ 23 table> 24 25 <script> 26 //將 JSON 資料,指派給 JavaScript array 27 //月份 (1月~6月) 28 var jsMonth = @Html.Raw(ViewBag.JsonMonth); 29 30 //三個城市的 City、Business 31 var jsBusiness = @Html.Raw(ViewBag.JsonBusiness); 32 33 var ctx = document.getElementById("myChart"); 34 var chart = new Chart(ctx, { 35 type: "line", 36 data: { 37 //labels: ['1月', '2月', '3月', '4月', '5月', '6月'], 38 labels: jsMonth, 39 datasets: [{ 40 //label: "台北", 41 label: jsBusiness[0].City, 42 fill: false, 43 backgroundColor: 'rgba(255,165,0,0.3)', 44 borderColor: 'rgb(255,135,20)', 45 pointStyle: "circle", 46 pointBackgroundColor: 'rgb(0,222,0)', 47 pointRadius: 5, 48 pointHoverRadius: 10, 49 data: jsBusiness[0].Business 50 //data: [13.1, 10.2, 13.5, 20.9, 25.2, 27.1, 31.8] 51 }, { 52 //label: "高雄", 53 label: jsBusiness[1].City, 54 fill: false, 55 backgroundColor: 'rgba(0,255,255,0.3)', 56 borderColor: 'rgb(0,225,255)', 57 pointStyle: "triangle", 58 pointBackgroundColor: 'blue', 59 pointRadius: 5, 60 pointHoverRadius: 10, 61 data: jsBusiness[1].Business 62 //data: [29.1, 28.3, 22.6, 25.4, 27.5, 23.4] 63 }, { 64 //label: "越南", 65 label: jsBusiness[2].City, 66 fill: false, 67 backgroundColor: 'rgba(153,50,204,0.3)', 68 borderColor: 'rgb(123,55,190)', 69 pointStyle: "rect", 70 pointBackgroundColor: 'rgb(220,20,60)', 71 pointRadius: 5, 72 pointHoverRadius: 10, 73 data: jsBusiness[2].Business 74 //data: [16.6, 17.3, 19.2, 23.8, 12.0, 17.6] 75 }] 76 }, 77 options: { 78 responsive: true, 79 title: { 80 display: true, 81 fontSize: 26, 82 text: '2019 年各分公司 1 - 6 月份營業額' 83 }, 84 tooltips: { 85 mode: 'point', 86 intersect: true, 87 }, 88 hover: { 89 mode: 'nearest', 90 intersect: true 91 }, 92 scales: { 93 xAxes: [{ 94 display: true, 95 scaleLabel: { 96 display: true, 97 labelString: '月份', 98 fontSize: 15 99 }, 100 ticks: { 101 fontSize: 15 102 } 103 }], 104 yAxes: [{ 105 display: true, 106 scaleLabel: { 107 display: true, 108 labelString: '百萬(美元)', 109 fontSize: 15 110 }, 111 ticks: { 112 fontSize: 15 113 } 114 }] 115 }, 116 animation: { 117 duration: 2000 118 } 119 } 120 }); 121 script>
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參考資料:
[1] Chart.js 官方網站
https://www.chartjs.org/samples/latest/
https://www.chartjs.org/docs/latest/
[2] ASP.NET Web API (msdn)
https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-tw/aspnet/web-api/
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參考書籍:
[1] 網頁程式設計 ASP.NET MVC 5.x 範例完美演繹 (繁體書籍), Ch 5、Ch 6, 作者:奚江華
https://www.tenlong.com.tw/products/9789864769292?list_name=srh
[2] 跟著實務學習 ASP.NET MVC (繁體書籍), 作者:蔡文龍、蔡捷雲、歐志信、曾芷琳、萬鴻曜
https://www.tenlong.com.tw/products/9789864766918?list_name=srh
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