1、操作日志
logging.basicConfig:日志的统一处理器,对日志的输出格式和方式做配置
日志级别等级CRITICAL > ERROR > WARNING > INFO > EDBUG
level设定级别以及以上级别的才会打印,这里注意大小写!
打印日志信息在控制台或输出在一个文件示例:
1 import logging
2 import os
3
4 # log_file = os.path.join(os.getcwd(),'wlog.log')
5 log_format = "%(asctime)s %(filename)s [line:%(lineno)d] %(levelname)s: %(message)s"
6 '''
7 如果不写filename和filemode参数则默认打印到console
8 '''
9 logging.basicConfig(level=logging.WARNING,format=log_format)
10 # logging.basicConfig(level=logging.WARNING,format=log_format,filename=log_file,filemode='w')
11
12 logging.warning("waring message")
13 logging.error("error message")
输出在控制台信息如下:
2017-03-20 21:41:07,756 3.19.py [line:24] WARNING: waring message
2017-03-20 21:41:07,756 3.19.py [line:25] ERROR: error message
同时在控制台和输出到文件代码示例:
1 # 创建一个logger
2 logger = logging.getLogger("mylogger")
3 logger.setLevel(logging.INFO)
4
5 # 创建一个handler,将log写入文件中
6 fh = logging.FileHandler('D:/pycharm workspace/practice/log.txt','a')
7 fh.setLevel(logging.INFO)
8
9 # 再创建一个handler,将log输出在控制台
10 ch = logging.StreamHandler()
11 ch.setLevel(logging.CRITICAL) 12 13 # 设置输出格式 14 log_format = "%(asctime)s %(filename)s [line:%(lineno)d] %(levelname)s: %(message)s" 15 formatter = logging.Formatter(log_format) 16 fh.setFormatter(formatter) 17 ch.setFormatter(formatter) 18 19 #把handler添加到logger里,其实可以理解为汇报给大领导 20 logger.addHandler(fh) 21 logger.addHandler(ch) 22 23 logger.error("今天天气阴")
控制台设置为CRITICAL不会有输出,因为打印的是error信息
输出到文件设置为INFO,打印的是error信息,会输出在文件中
如果设置成不一样的实际是没有任何意义。一般都设置为INFO。
另:
将执行脚本的日志保存在一个文件中
1 dirfile = os.listdir("D:\\")
2 for i in dirfile:
3 s=i.split('.')[1]
4 print(s)
5 if s == "py":
6 os.system("D:\\%s 1>>log.txt 2>&1" %i)
2、加密
#DES加密
# pyDes.des(key,[mode],[IV],[pad],[pdamode])
# 参数的意思分别如下:
# key:加密密钥,长度为8位。必选
# mode:加密方式。ECB(默认)、CBC(安全性好于前者)
# IV:初始字节数(长度为8位),如果选择的加密方式为CBC必须有这个参数。否则可以没有
# pad:加密时,将该字符添加到数据块的结尾;解密时,将删除从最后一个往前的8位
# padmode:PAD_NORMAL、PAD_PKCSS,当选择前者时必须设置pad
md5、sha、des加密代码示例:
1 import hashlib #md5 sha
2 import base64 #des
3 from pyDes import *
4
5 def md5_encode(data):
6 m = hashlib.md5()
7 m.update(data.encode('utf-8'))
8 return m.hexdigest() #经过特殊处理之后以字符串形式返回
9
10 def sha1_encode(data):
11 sha1 = hashlib.sha1()
12 sha1.update(data.encode('utf-8')) 13 return sha1.hexdigest() 14 15 def des_encode(data): 16 k = des("xqtest66",padmode=PAD_PKCS5) 17 # k = des('xqtest66',CBC,'goodluck',pad='hahahaha',padmode=PAD_NORMAL) 18 19 #encrypt来加密我的数据,然后进行base64编码 20 encodeStrr = base64.b64encode(k.encrypt(data)) 21 return encodeStrr 22 23 data = "wo" 24 print('md5加密结果:',md5_encode(data)) 25 print('sha加密结果:',sha1_encode(data)) 26 print('des加密结果:',des_encode(data))
3、发送邮件
1 import smtplib
2 import email.mime.multipart
3 import email.mime.text
4
5 from email.mime.application import MIMEApplication
6
7 class SendMail:
8 def send_mail(self,title): 9 msg = email.mime.multipart.MIMEMultipart() #生成包含多个邮件体的对象 10 msg['from'] = 'jiayan****@126.com' 11 msg['to'] = '[email protected]' 12 msg['subject'] = title 13 content = ''' 14 这是邮件的正文部分 15 ''' 16 17 #邮件正文 18 txt = email.mime.text.MIMEText(content) 19 msg.attach(txt) 20 21 #excel附件 22 # xlsxpart = MIMEApplication(open('send_mail_excel.xlsx', 'rb').read()) 23 # xlsxpart.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename='send_mail_excel.xlsx') 24 # msg.attach(xlsxpart) 25 26 #jpg图片附件 27 jpgpart = MIMEApplication(open('Aaron.png', 'rb').read()) 28 jpgpart.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename='Aaron.png') #需要图片文件在代码相应的目录下 29 msg.attach(jpgpart) 30 31 #发送邮件 32 smtp=smtplib 33 smtp=smtplib.SMTP() 34 smtp.set_debuglevel(1) #设置为调试模式,console中显示 35 smtp.connect('smtp.126.com','25') #链接服务器,smtp地址+端口 36 smtp.login('jiayan****@126.com','Jiaxxxxxxxx') #登录,用户名+密码 37 smtp.sendmail('jiayan****@126.com','[email protected]',str(msg)) #发送,from+to+内容 38 smtp.quit() 39 40 mail = SendMail() 41 mail.send_mail('python自动化测试')
查找最进时间修改的文件,代码如下:
1 os.path.listdir #以列表的形式展示文件
2 os.path.getmtime #最后修改的时间
3 os.path.join #路径拼接
4
5 import os
6 filenames = "D:\\pycharm workspace\\appiumframework\\report"
7 lists = os.listdir(filenames)
8 print(lists)
9 lists.sort(key=lambda fn:os.path.getmtime(filenames+"\\"+fn))
10 print(lists[-1])
11 file = os.path.join(filenames,lists[-1]) 12 print(file)
4、进程与线程的区别:
进程不共享空间,线程共享地址空间
线程共享空间优缺点:
优点:多线程给用户的体验好些,处理速度快些
缺点:共享地址空间相互影响
1 import threading 2 import time 3 4 class Mythreading(threading.Thread): 5 def __init__(self,threadID,name,counter): 6 threading.Thread.__init__(self) #固定格式 7 self.threadID = threadID 8 self.name = name 9 self.counter = counter 10 print("初始化完成") 11 def run(self): #由cpu来处理决定线程间的执行顺序 12 print("开始"+self.name) 13 print_time(self.name,self.counter,5) 14 print("结束"+self.name) 15 16 def print_time(threasName,counter,delay): 17 while counter: 18 time.sleep(delay) 19 print("%s:%s"%(threasName,time.ctime(time.time()))) 20 counter -= 1 21 22 #创建线程 23 thread1 = Mythreading(1,"thread1",1) 24 thread2 = Mythreading(2,"thread2",2) 25 26 #开启线程 27 thread1.start() 28 thread2.start()
1 import threading 2 import time 3 4 class Mythreading(threading.Thread): 5 def __init__(self,threadID,name,counter): 6 threading.Thread.__init__(self) #固定格式 7 self.threadID = threadID 8 self.name = name 9 self.counter = counter 10 print("初始化完成") 11 def run(self): #由cpu来处理决定线程间的执行顺序 12 threadLock.acquire() #获得锁,成功获得锁定后返回True,可选的参数timeout不填时将一直阻塞直到获得锁定 13 print_time(self.name,self.counter,3) 14 threadLock.release() #释放锁,开始下一个线程 15 16 def print_time(threasName,counter,delay): 17 while counter: 18 time.sleep(delay) 19 print("%s:%s"%(threasName,time.ctime(time.time()))) 20 counter -= 1 21 22 threadLock = threading.Lock() 23 threads = [] 24 25 #创建线程 26 thread1 = Mythreading(1,"thread1",1) 27 thread2 = Mythreading(2,"thread2",2) 28 29 #开启线程 30 thread1.start() 31 thread2.start() 32 33 # thread1.join() 34 # thread2.join() 35 threads.append(thread1) 36 threads.append(thread2) 37 for t in threads: 38 t.join() #后边的代码必须等待,等线程运行完成才会往后运行代码 39 40 print("我的的花儿也谢了")
为什么下图左为串行,下图右为并行运行呢?
图左love启动后分别执行start和join,启动了join后边代码就需要等待前边代码运行完成。总共18s
图右同时启动love和hate,运行所需要执行的时间然后停止。总共10s
超级播放器示例,如下:
1 import threading 2 from time import sleep, ctime 3 def music(func): 4 for i in range(2): 5 print ("I was listening to %s! %s" %(func,ctime())) 6 sleep(4) 7 def move(func): 8 for i in range(2): 9 print ("I was at the %s! %s" %(func,ctime())) 10 sleep(5) 11 12 def player(name): 13 r = name.split('.')[1] 14 if r=="mp3": 15 music(name) 16 elif r=="mp4": 17 move(name) 18 else: 19 print("%s is error!"%name) 20 21 lists = ["love.mp3","hate.mp4","cuicui.mp3","nnnn.mp4"] 22 23 threads = [] 24 files = range(len(lists)) 25 for i in files: 26 t = threading.Thread(target=player,args=(lists[i],)) 27 threads.append(t) 28 29 if __name__ == '__main__': 30 for i in files: 31 threads[i].start() 32 for i in files: 33 threads[i].join() 34 print ('all end: %s' %ctime())
5、生产者与消费者示例:
1 import threading 2 class Produce(threading.Thread): 3 4 def __init__(self,name): 5 threading.Thread.__init__(self) 6 self.name = name 7 def run(self): 8 global x 9 tt.acquire() 10 if x > 0 : 11 12 print("我不生产了") 13 else: 14 for i in range(5): 15 x += 1 16 print("%s在生产中,第%d个"%(self.name,x)) 17 tt.release() 18 19 class Consume(threading.Thread): 20 def __init__(self,name): 21 threading.Thread.__init__(self) 22 self.name = name 23 def run(self): 24 global x 25 tt.acquire() 26 if x == 0: 27 28 print("我不消费了") 29 else: 30 for i in range(5): 31 x -= 1 32 print("%s在消费中,第%d个"%(self.name,x+1)) 33 tt.release() 34 x = 0 35 tt = threading.Lock() 36 # tt = threading.Condition 37 38 p = Produce("produce") 39 c = Consume("consume") 40 41 p.start() 42 c.start() 43 44 p.join() 45 c.join()